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9. Core Conceptual Problems: Harm (and Benefit)

Author

Battin, Margaret P., primary, Luna, Erik, additional, Lipman, Arthur G., additional, Gahlinger, Paul M., additional, Rollins, Douglas E., additional, Roberts, Jeanette C., additional, and Booher, Troy L., additional

Published
2007
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12. Core Conceptual Problems: Addiction

Author

Battin, Margaret P., primary, Luna, Erik, additional, Lipman, Arthur G., additional, Gahlinger, Paul M., additional, Rollins, Douglas E., additional, Roberts, Jeanette C., additional, and Booher, Troy L., additional

Published
2007
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14. Effects of intrathecal morphine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia

Author

Bailey, Peter L., Lu, Jeffrey K., Pace, Nathan L., Orr, Joseph A., White, Julia L., Hamber, Elizabeth A., Slawson, Matthew H., Crouch, Dennis J., and Rollins, Douglas E.

Subjects
Morphine -- Physiological aspects, Respiration
Abstract

Morphine suppresses respiration for longer periods of time when it is injected into the spinal column than when it is given intravenously. This indicates that morphine and other opioids can directly affect the central nervous system.

Published
2000

19. The impact of cocaine and marijuana use on low birth weight and preterm birth: a multicenter study

Author

Shiono, Patricia H., Klebanoff, Mark A., Nugent, Robert P., Cotch, Mary Frances, Wilkins, Diana G., Rollins, Douglas E., Carey, J. Christopher, and Behrman, Richard E.

Subjects
Birth weight, Low -- Risk factors, Premature birth -- Risk factors, Cocaine abuse -- Health aspects, Marijuana -- Health aspects, Drug abuse -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Cocaine and marijuana use may not be associated with low birth weight or preterm birth. However, one-third of pregnant women smoked and cigarette smoking is associated with low birth weight. The effect of cocaine, marijuana, and cigarette smoking was evaluated among 7470 women attending seven geographically diverse clinics. Drug exposure was determined through an interview that took place at 23 to 26 weeks gestation and through periodic assay of blood serum. Overall, 2.3% of women used cocaine and 11% used marijuana. Marijuana had no adverse effects on birth outcomes. Cocaine use increased the odds of premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall by 4.2 times. Cigarette smokers had 1.5 times the odds of having a low birth weight baby. Fifteen percent of all cases of low birth weight could have been prevented if none of the women in this population had smoked cigarettes. Smoking cessation programs would have more effect on outcomes than drug detection programs among the general population.

Published
1995

22. Drug and alcohol involvement in railroad accidents.

Author

Moody, David E., Crouch, Dennis J., Smith, Rachel P., Cresalia, Charles W., Francom, Paula, Wilkins, Diana G., and Rollins, Douglas E.

Subjects
Mandatory drug testing -- Analysis, Liability for railroad accidents -- Investigations, Railroads -- Accidents
Published
1991

23. The Effect of Hair Color on the Incorporation of Codeine into Human Hair

Author

Rollins, Douglas E., Wilkins, Diana G., Krueger, Gerald G., Augsburger, Marc P., Mizuno, Atsuhiro, O'Neal, Carol, Borges, Chad R., Slawson, Matthew H., Rollins, Douglas E., Wilkins, Diana G., Krueger, Gerald G., Augsburger, Marc P., Mizuno, Atsuhiro, O'Neal, Carol, Borges, Chad R., and Slawson, Matthew H.

Abstract

The influence of melanin on the binding of xenobiotics in hair will impact the interpretation of drug concentrations determined by hair testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if codeine, as a model compound of abused drugs, would be incorporated into black, brown, blond, or red hair as a function of melanin concentration. Such data would assist in the interpretation of codeine concentrations in hair and help elucidate the potential influence of hair color on incorporation of drugs. Male and female Caucasians with black (n = 6), brown (n = 12), blond (n = 8), or red hair (n = 6) and non-Caucasians with black hair (n = 12) aged 21-40 years were enrolled in the study. Each subject was administered oral codeine phosphate syrup in a dosage of 30 mg three times a day for five days. Twenty-four hours after the end of the treatment period, a 30-mg codeine dose was administered and the subject's plasma area under the concentration time curve (AUC) for codeine was determined. Codeine and melanin were measured in the first 3 cm of hair closest to the vertex region of the scalp prior to and 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks after dosing. The quantitative and qualitative melanin profiles were determined for each subjects hair to provide an objective measure of hair color. The plasma concentrations of codeine were measured to eliminate differences in the bioavailability and clearance of codeine as factors that might account for the differences in codeine hair concentrations. The subjects were asked not to cut their hair in the vertex region of the scalp or to use any form of chemical treatment on their hair, but otherwise normal hygienic measures were permitted. The mean (± SE) hair codeine concentrations 5 weeks after dosing were 1429 (± 249) pg/mg in black hair; 208 (± 17) pg/mg in brown hair; 99 (± 10) pg/mg in blond hair; and 69 (± 11) in red hair pg/mg. In black hair, codeine concentrations were 2564 (± 170) pg/mg for Asians and 865 (± 162) pg/mg for Caucasians. Similar c

Published
2017

35. Drugs and Justice

Author

Battin, Margaret P., primary, Luna, Erik, additional, Lipman, Arthur G., additional, Gahlinger, Paul M., additional, Rollins, Douglas E., additional, Roberts, Jeanette C., additional, and Booher, Troy L., additional

Published
2007
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