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Endometriosis is a benign condition affecting women of reproductive age. A potential association with ovarian cancer has been documented. Atypical endometriosis (AE) is characterized by deviations from the typical microscopic appearance of endometriosis, including cytologic and architectural atypia. AE has been recognized as a potential precursor to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC), particularly endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. AE presents challenges in diagnosis due to its diverse clinical and pathological features, often requiring careful histological evaluation for accurate identification. Architectural AE, defined by localized proliferation of crowded glands with atypical epithelium resembling endometrial neoplasia, and cytologic AE, characterized by nuclear atypia within the epithelial lining of endometriotic cysts, are key subtypes. Immunohistochemical and molecular studies have revealed aberrant expression of markers such as Ki67, COX-2, BAF250a, p53, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and IMP-3. Long-term follow-up studies suggest relatively low recurrence and malignant transformation rates among patients with AE, but uncertainties persist regarding its exact malignancy potential and optimal management strategies. Integration of artificial intelligence and shared molecular aberrations between AE and EAOC may enhance diagnostic accuracy. Continuous interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing research efforts are crucial for a deeper understanding of the relationship between endometriosis and carcinogenesis, ultimately improving patient care and surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometrial cancer is the most frequently diagnosed gynecological tumour. Transvaginal ultrasound has a leading role in the preoperative evaluation of endometrial cancer patients. The study aimed to identify factors that can worsen the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in endometrial cancer patients. We retrospectively analysed 290 patients with histological diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Two-dimensional (2D) gray-scale ultrasound and power Doppler imaging were performed. Age, menopause status, obesity, parity, Figo stage and benign uterine disorders were evaluated as possible factors worsening the diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasonography. FIGO stage IB was the main significant confounding factor in the univariate analysis (p =.004). Furthermore, 2D transvaginal ultrasound showed worse diagnostic accuracy in endometrial cancer patients with concomitant benign uterine pathologies. What is already known on this subject? Many studies have analysed the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in predicting myometrial invasion, but few studies have underlined the importance of confounding factors. Shin et al. (2011) showed that diffuse fibromatosis is a quality ultrasound confounding factor. Furthermore, Fischerova et al. (2014) showed that body mass index (BMI) did not influence the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound assessment. What do the results of this study add? FIGO stage IB is the main factor worsening the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in endometrial cancer patients (p =.004). Among the 82 patients with histologically proven FIGO stage IB, 27 (32.9%) had a wrong ultrasound prediction of myometrial infiltration. Twenty-one (36.2%) patients in whom there was no agreement between ultrasound prediction of myometrial infiltration and pathological analysis had fibromatosis and/or adenomyosis (p = 0.04). What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Two-dimensional ultrasound represents a useful tool in the correct pre-operative setting of patients with endometrial cancer. In FIGO stages IB endometrial cancer patients and in conjunction with benign uterine pathologies, 2D transvaginal ultrasound has less diagnostic accuracy. In these cases, MRI still plays a leading role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Nowadays total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a surgical procedure increasingly adopted for the treatment of benign and malign uterine disease. The aim of our study is to revise our recent experience of TLH., Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conduced on 101 patients between 2008 and 2012. The surgical procedure has been performed by the same surgeon and with the same surgical technique. Patients with benign disease and I-II stage endometrial cancer (FIGO 2009) were considered eligible for the study. Data collected were concering weight, height, BMI, age; kind of disease; type of surgery performed and possible variants; surgery duration; intra-operative and post-operative complications., Results: In 80 patients TLH was performed for benign disease, in 42 cases uterine fiboids; salpingo-oophorectomy has been performed in 37 patients; the mean surgical time was 81 minutes for benign disease and 112 minutes for malign disease. In 1 case conversion to laparotomy was required; in 5 patients we recorded post-surgical fever; in 1 patients we recorded deiscence of vaginal vault. None of the considered factors (age, BMI, kind of surgery) was significantly associated with increased frequency of intra- and post-operative complications., Conclusions: Our clinical experience on TLH is increasing as years pass by, and our results are in line with those reported by other Centers. On the basis of our experience, in agreement with recently published data, we believe that vaginal vault closure should be performed through vaginal access.

This case report describes a total laparoscopic hysterectomy of a large uterus of a woman who recently underwent neurosurgery for a grade IV glioblastoma. Because of a severe anaemia due to chronic vaginal haemorrhage for a fibromatosis uterus, she was not able to start a chemotherapic oncological protocol. We thus decided to perform a total hysterectomy through a laparoscopic approach in order to reduce the hospital stay and to ensure a quick recovery. We studied a surgical but also anaesthesiological strategy in order to obtain a good result with no or as few as possible complications.