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The latitudinal diversity gradient predicts that tropical regions should have higher alpha, beta, and gamma diversity than temperate areas. However, only a few studies have assessed the temporal variability of the different components of diversity across climatic regions. In this study, we compare, using a spatial and temporal approach, the diversity of multiple taxa inhabiting tropical and Mediterranean temporary ponds. We sampled the biological communities of each set of ponds on three occasions during the same hydrological year. Under a spatial framework, we analyzed, alpha, beta, and gamma diversities. With a temporal approach, we compared the coefficients of variation in alpha diversity for each local community, and temporal beta diversity. Differences between regions and sampling periods were tested using generalized linear mixed models. We found higher gamma and alpha diversity in the tropical ponds, as expected given the latitudinal differences between them. However, phytoplankton and microinvertebrates from the Mediterranean region, matched or even exceeded tropical alpha diversity on some occasions. Spatial beta diversity did not differ between regions, and it showed lower values at the middle or the end of the hydroperiod in bacteria, micro‐ and macroinvertebrates and amphibians. Thus, processes homogenizing and heterogenising pond metacommunities must be balanced in both studied regions. Temporal variation in alpha and beta diversity was similar for ponds in both regions, except for macroinvertebrates and amphibians, suggesting differential effects on community variation observable only in animals with longer life‐spans, at our temporal scale of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metacommunity concept provides a theoretical framework that aims at explaining organism distributions by a combination of environmental filtering, dispersal, and drift. However, few works have attempted a multitaxon approach and even fewer have compared two distant biogeographical regions using the same methodology. We tested the expectation that temperate (mediterranean‐climate) pond metacommunities would be more influenced by environmental and spatial processes than tropical ones, because of stronger environmental gradients and a greater isolation of waterbodies. However, the pattern should be different among groups of organisms depending on their dispersal abilities. We surveyed 30 tropical and 32 mediterranean temporary ponds from Costa Rica and Spain, respectively, and obtained data on 49 environmental variables. We characterized the biological communities of bacteria and archaea (from the water column and the sediments), phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, amphibians and birds, and estimated the relative role of space and environment on metacommunity organization for each group and region, by means of variation partitioning using generalized additive models. Purely environmental effects were important in both tropical and mediterranean ponds, but stronger in the latter, probably due to their larger limnological heterogeneity. Spatially correlated environment and pure spatial effects were greater in the tropics, related to higher climatic heterogeneity and dispersal processes (e.g., restriction, surplus) acting at different scales. The variability between taxonomic groups in the contribution of spatial and environmental factors to metacommunity variation was very wide, but higher in active, compared with passive, dispersers. Higher environmental effects were observed in mediterranean passive dispersers, and higher spatial effects in tropical passive dispersers. The unexplained variation was larger in the tropical setting, suggesting a higher role for stochastic processes, unmeasured environmental factors, or biotic interactions in the tropics, although this difference affected some actively dispersing groups (insects and birds) more than passive dispersers. These results, despite our limitations in comparing only two regions, provide support, for a wide variety of aquatic organisms, for the classic view of stronger abiotic niche constraints in temperate areas compared with the tropics. The heterogeneous response of taxonomic groups between regions also points to a stronger influence of regional context than organism adaptations on metacommunity organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos: A principios de 2010 el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca puso en marcha, en el servicio de partos, el protocolo de donación voluntaria de sangre de cordón umbilical (SCU). Desde la reflexión y la autoevaluación, planteamos un análisis de nuestra situación actual a través del estudio de la influencia de las variables obstétrico-fetales en la calidad de las muestras. Métodos: Con este fin hemos planteado un trabajo de tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal desde mayo de 2010 a noviembre de 2011, con el objetivo de aumentar la calidad de las unidades de SCU y optar por una gestión eficiente que haga sostenible el proyecto. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 123 donaciones potenciales de sangre de cordón y del análisis multivariable de las mismas obtuvimos una correlación positiva significativa entre el número de leucocitos, las semanas de gestación y el parto vaginal. El peso inicial de la unidad se incrementó significativamente a mayor peso del recién nacido y paridad de la donante. Conclusiones: Como conclusiones del estudio nos planteamos esbozar posibles factores predictivos que permitan seleccionar las muestras de mayor calidad y sean complemento de los actuales estándares elaborados por el Banco Público de Málaga. En este sentido nuestros resultados sugieren que en los partos con más semanas de gestación, paridad de la gestante y peso del recién nacido, así como en los partos vaginales, encontramos mayores posibilidades de obtener muestras de alta calidad.

Objetivo: Obtener y analizar información de las mujeres residentes en el municipio de Murcia en el año 2010 sobre conceptos en salud sexual y reproductiva para incorporarlos al conocimiento de la disciplina matrona. Para implementar cuidados efectivos en las mujeres murcianas, las matronas necesitan conocer desde el propio discurso de estas, cuales son sus necesidades, modos y sabores entorno a su salud sexual y reproductiva. Método: La investigación que se plantea es de corte descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo y desde una mirada antropológica enfermera y desde paradigmas epistemológicos construccionistas. Se seleccionó una muestra de cinco mujeres residentes en el municipio de Murcia atendiendo a criterios de muestreo por máxima variedad. La parte central de nuestro trabajo de campo la conforman las historias de vida realizadas a las cinco mujeres obteniendo los resultados a través de un análisis inductivo y posterior categorización de sus discursos. Resultados: Del análisis del discurso se obtienen como relevantes las siguientes categorías: 1- Conceptos en salud sexual y reproductiva (Relaciones sexuales/Decisión de maternidad/Vivencia de partos/ Miedos en el embarazo y maternidad). 2- Influencia cultural en salud sexual y reproductiva (Maternidad. La madre sacrificada: exaltación de la idea de maternidad). Conclusiones: La complejización de la sociedad, hace que la profesión matrona dinamice sus fundamentos entorno al conocimiento cultural de su objeto receptor de cuidados en salud sexual y reproductiva. Las mujeres son las protagonistas necesarias; solo a través de sus miradas nos vincularemos las matronas a sus vidas.