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[ES]En España han coexistido durante la pandemia de COVID-19 el sistema centinela de vigilancia de infección respiratoria aguda grave (SiVIRA), la notificación individualizada de casos COVID-19 (SIVIES) y el sistema de capacidad asistencial (CMC). El objetivo es comparar las tasas estimadas de casos COVID-19 hospitalizados, así como su gravedad, en los tres sistemas. No

Background Single-dose vaccination was widely recommended in the pre-Omicron era for persons with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of a second vaccine dose in this group in the Omicron era is unknown. Methods We linked nationwide population registries in Spain to identify community-dwelling individuals aged 18–64, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test before single-dose mRNA vaccination (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2). Every day between 3 January and 6 February 2022 we matched 1:1 individuals receiving a second mRNA vaccine dose and controls on sex, age, province, first dose type and time, month of primary infection, and number of previous tests. We then estimated Kaplan–Meier risks of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. We performed a similar analysis in a Delta-dominant period, between 19 July and 30 November 2021. Results In the Omicron period, estimated effectiveness (95% CI) of a second dose was 62.2% (58.2–66.4%) 7–34 days after administration, similar across groups defined by age, sex, type of first vaccine, and time since the first dose. Estimated effectiveness was 65.4% (61.1–69.9%) for mRNA-1273 and 52.0% (41.8–63.1%) for BNT162b2. Estimated effectiveness was 78.5% (67.4–89.9%), 66.1% (54.9–77.5%), and 60.2% (55.5–64.8%) when primary infection had occurred in the Delta, Alpha, and pre-Alpha periods, respectively. In the Delta period, the estimated effectiveness of a second dose was 8.8% (−55.3% to 81.1%). Conclusions Our results suggest that, over 1 month after administration, a second dose of mRNA vaccine increases protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with the Omicron variant among individuals with single-dose vaccination and previously infected with another variant.

[ES] En este trabajo se comparó la efectividad de la vacuna contra la COVID-19 (EV) durante agosto de 2021, en personas nacidas entre 1962 y 1971 y vacunadas durante junio, según la marca utilizada. La protección frente a infección por SARS-CoV-2 sintomática fue menor para la vacuna de Janssen (56%; IC95%: 53-59) y AstraZeneca [Vaxzevria] (68%; IC95%: 65-70), en comparación con Pfizer [Comirnaty] (78%; IC95%: 77-78), AZ/Pfizer (86%; IC95%: 80-90) y Moderna [Spikevax] (89%; IC95%: 88-90). La EV contra la hospitalización osciló entre el 86% de Janssen y el 97%-98% de las demás vacunas. [EN]In this paper we compared brand-specific COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) during August 2021 in persons born 1962-1971 and vaccinated during June. For SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, protection was lower for Janssen (56%; CI95%: 53-59) or AstraZeneca [Vaxzevria] (68%; CI95%: 65-70), compared to Pfizer-BioNTech [Comirnaty] (78%; CI95%: 77-78), AstraZeneca/Pfizer (86%; CI95%: 80-90) or Moderna [Spikevax] (89%; CI95%: 88-90). VE against hospitalization was ranged 86% for Janssen to 97%-98% for other vaccines. Sí

[ES] Este informe muestra la situación epidemiológica de la COVID-19 en los centros residenciales de mayores a lo largo del año 2021 y hasta la semana 17 del 2022. Desde su puesta en marcha en enero de 2021, esta vigilancia ha proporcionado datos semanales nacionales agregados, con información sobre la proporción de residencias afectadas por la COVID-19, la incidencia de COVID-19 y la letalidad entre una población vulnerable donde los efectos de la pandemia han sido y están siendo especialmente graves. La comparación con la incidencia y mortalidad de casos COVID-19 en población mayor no institucionalizada, nos demuestra cómo el impacto de la COVID-19 ha sido y está siendo mayor entre las personas mayores que viven en residencias de ancianos, con tasas de mortalidad superiores al resto de la población de la misma edad. [EN] This report shows the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the long-term care facilities (LTCF) for elderly throughout 2021 and until the 17th week of 2022. Since its start-up in January 2021, this surveillance has provided aggregated national weekly data, with information on the proportion of LTCF for elderly affected by COVID-19, the incidence of COVID-19 and fatal cases among a vulnerable population where the effects of the pandemic have been and are being especially severe. The comparison with the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in non institutionalized elderly shows how the impact of COVID-19 is being greater among the elderly living in nursing homes, with more fatal cases than the rest of the population of the same age.

En: Clinical & Experimental Allergy. e-ISSN 1365-2222 2021, 26 Jul : 1-15 Background: Despite the increasing incidence of anaphylaxis, its underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for appropriate diagnosis remain undetermined. The rapid onset and potentially fatal outcome in the absence of managed treatment prevent its study. Up today, there are still no known biomarkers that allow an unequivocal diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore metabolic changes in patients suffering anaphylactic reactions depending on the trigger (food and/or drug) and severity (moderate and severe) in a real-life set-up. Methods: Eighteen episodes of anaphylaxis, one per patient, were analysed. Sera were collected during the acute phase (T1), the recovery phase (T2) and around 2–3 months after the anaphylactic reaction (T0: basal state). Reactions were classified following an exhaustive allergological evaluation for severity and trigger. Sera samples were analysed using untargeted metabolomics combining liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR). Results: ‘Food T1 vs T2’ and ‘moderate T1 vs T2’ anaphylaxis comparisons showed clear metabolic patterns during the onset of an anaphylactic reaction, which differed from those induced by drugs, food + drug or severe anaphylaxis. Moreover, the model of food anaphylaxis was able to distinguish the well-characterized IgE (antibiotics) from non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), suggesting a differential metabolic pathway associated with the mechanism of action. Metabolic differences between ‘moderate vs severe’ at the acute phase T1 and at basal state T0 were studied. Among the altered metabolites, glucose, lipids, cortisol, betaine and oleamide were observed altered. Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study provide the first evidence that different anaphylactic triggers or severity induce differential metabolic changes along time or at specific time-point, respectively. Besides, the basal status T0 might identify high-risk patients, thus opening new ways to understand, diagnose and treat anaphylaxis.

Comunicación presentada en las II Jornada del Centro Nacional de Epidemiología - 2021. Se estudia el impacto de la COVID-19 en la mortalidad en España. Los objetivos del estudio son: 1. Analizar la mortalidad por COVID-19 en España, describiendo las tres primeras olas pandémicas de COVID-19 y proporcionando estimaciones por grupo de edad y regiones españolas; y 2. Comparar el exceso de mortalidad por todas las causas de MoMo durante la pandemia de COVID-19 con las muertes confirmadas por COVID-19 notificadas al sistema nacional de vigilancia. Las conclusiones son: 1. MoMo identificó un exceso de mortalidad sin precedentes, en la primera ola pandémica de COVID-19 en España, que coincidió con la aparición de la pandemia COVID-19, 2. El sistema MoMo puede proporcionar estimaciones de exceso de mortalidad por todas las causas por edad y región geográfica, y 3. A pesar de ser un sistema inespecífico que no permite establecer causalidad directa en el análisis de exceso de mortalidad, MoMo constituye una herramienta esencial de vigilancia a tiempo real, como sistema de alerta temprana para la acción en salud pública, y para realizar estimaciones del impacto de diferentes eventos de salud en la mortalidad de la población.