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The development of industrial mariculture in Peruvian coasts will continue to grow according to global trends; however, it is characterized by being mostly monospecific, resulting in ecosystemic impacts due to organic matter, which deteriorate the benthic system and encourage eutrophication, negatively affecting biodiversity and fishery resources, which in a long term could turn the activity into an unsustainable practice. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt new production models, focused on the sustainability principle, such as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), that allow for greater efficiency, competitiveness, and profitability, while guaranteeing environmental balance. In this context, the present study has addressed the problem of Argopecten purpuratus cultivation in Samanco Bay, in which, based on a diagnosis of the bay's conditions, details of the cultivation, and a thorough analysis of the IMTA concept, a strategic model for mariculture is proposed in order to be adopted by private companies, after a validation process. These concepts can be transferred for their adaptation to other scenarios. Furthermore, it is expected that the academic sector, private companies, and the competent authority will be able to intervene synergistically in this process.

Reseña de "Viento y Latido", de Heriberto Morales Vindel, Editorial Ars Poética, Colección Sole Note, dirigida por Jesús Urceloy.

En el contexto del siglo XXI, las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) hacen frente a los retos de la Sociedad del Conocimiento. Por una parte, estas asumen el desafío de desarrollar competencias en la mediación de nuevas tecnologías para producir, distribuir y usar el conocimiento; y, por otra parte, enfrentan la necesidad de formar personas ciudadanas éticas en un mundo globalizado, realidad que ha brindado a la misión educativa la valiosa oportunidad de retornar a un renovado humanismo, con sentido social gracias a la reflexión ética de un proyecto educativo de formación integral. Maestría

This study was conducted at two farms: Carcará Farm, certified by Associação de Certificação Instituto Biodinâmico, and at Estufa Limoeiro Farm, of conventional cultivation. They were located in Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará, at the geographic coordinates 04°10’52” South, 40°49’41” West, and elevation of 885 m. The main objective of this research was to compare, based on economic, social and environmental indicators, two irrigated production systems, one organic one and a conventional. Data were collected through interviews with the farmers. Generation of jobs, added value, and the farmer’s income was analyzed as variables associated with the socioeconomic dimensions. For the environmental analysis, the biological activity of the soil was evaluated using the variables organic carbon (OC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial quotient (qMIC) and metabolic quotient (qCO2). The organic cultivation system provided a generation of direct jobs per unit area three times higher than the average of irrigated agriculture in the Brazilian semi-arid region, characterizing it as a system of greater social contribution compared to the conventional system, the organic farming system showed a lower risk associated with the economic dimension. The production unit with organic cultivation had higher environmental sustainability since the soil is in more satisfactory physical and chemical conditions for developing microorganisms. A pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Carcará, certificada pela Associação de Certificação Instituto Biodinâmico, e na Fazenda Estufa Limoeiro, de cultivo convencional. As fazendas estão localizadas no município de Guaraciaba do Norte, Ceará, com coordenadas geográficas 04°10’52’ sul, 40°49’41’’ oeste e altitude de 885 m. Teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente, a partir de indicadores de sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental, dois sistemas irrigados de produção, um orgânico e outro convencional. A geração de empregos, o valor agregado e a renda do agricultor, foram analisados como variáveis associadas às dimensões socioeconômicas. Na análise ambiental, foi avaliada a atividade biológica do solo através das variáveis: carbono orgânico (CO), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração basal do solo (RBS), quociente microbiano (qMIC) e metabólico (qCO2). O sistema de cultivo orgânico proporcionou uma geração de empregos diretos por unidade de área três vezes superior à média da agricultura irrigada do semiárido brasileiro, caracterizando-o como um sistema de maior contribuição social. Um menor risco associado à dimensão econômica, comparativamente ao sistema de cultivo convencional. A unidade de produção com cultivo orgânico teve maior sustentabilidade ambiental visto que o solo se encontra em condições físicas e químicas mais satisfatórias para o desenvolvimento de microrganismos.

El equipo de Folias y el equipo de la revista Sonda entrevista a Jaume Pérez Montaner.

Living Pharmacies (LPs) were conceived in Ceará and originated the Public Policy on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy, which has been seeking to revitalize this activity. The multi case study, based on content analysis, aimed to characterize the LPs of Fortaleza seeking to know their dynamics and the social actors and, analyze them in terms of innovation and compliance with policy regulations. LPs share similar contexts in areas of poverty and social marginalization. LPs are dedicated to the production, consumption and distribution of medicinal plants, and 30% also meet the SUS phytotherapics demand. Social actors established in policy are little evident, except for the Universidade Federal do Ceará and Nufito. Community, academics and patients, override partially and are simultaneously producers, transformation technicians and beneficiaries. Medicinal gardens are urban agriculture and space for learning and acquaintanceship, denoting its multifunctionality. The autonomy in the production chain suggests paying attention to the integrated cultivation of medicinal plants intercropped with vegetables and/or ornamental plants and the need to provide systemic extension services in the production, management and processing. Relationship between regulation and practice suggests to consider the innovations of social actors, for are these who can best provide feedback to policy. A Farmácia Viva (FV) foi idealizada no Ceará e originou a Política Pública em Plantas Medicinais e Medicamentos Fitoterápicos, a qual vem buscando revitalizar essa atividade no Estado. O estudo de multi casos, baseado em análise do conteúdo, objetivou caracterizar as FVs de Fortaleza buscando conhecer a sua dinâmica e os atores sociais e analisá-las quanto à inovação e/ou conformidade com a Política Estadual. As FVs partilham contextos semelhantes, em áreas de pobreza e marginalidade social. Dedicam-se à produção, consumo e distribuição de plantas medicinais, e 30% também a atender à demanda de fitoterápicos do SUS. Os atores sociais previstos na Política estão pouco evidentes, exceto nas FVs da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) e do Núcleo de Fitoterápicos. Comunitários, acadêmicos e pacientes, substituem aqueles parcialmente e se constituem simultaneamente em produtores, técnicos de transformação e beneficiários. Os hortos são agriculturas urbanas e espaço de aprendizagem e convivência, denotando sua multifuncionalidade. A relativa autonomia na cadeia produtiva implica em prestar atenção à produção integrada e a necessidade de se proporcionar assessoria sistêmica na produção, transformação e gestão. A relação entre normatização e prática sugere considerar as inovações dos sujeitos sociais, que são quem melhor pode retroalimentar a política.

29 páginas. Las conversaciones en la Habana enfrentaron serios retos debido a diferentes intereses políticos, los cuales han desencadenado una serie de inquietudes respecto a las exigencias de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) para reintegrarse a la vida civil. Es por ello que este ensayo tiene como finalidad evidenciar como la criminalidad organizada en Colombia ha sufrido importantes cambios en corto tiempo. En la totalidad de zonas analizadas por la FIP ”Fundación Ideas Para la Paz”, la existencia y evolución territorial de este fenómeno se explica a partir de la desmovilización de los grupos paramilitares entre 2003 y 2006, del vacío de poder que se creó en algunas de estas zonas tras la salida de estos grupos (y que posteriormente provocaría disputas entre algunas organizaciones) y/o de la continuidad de algunas estructuras criminales económicas y políticas que no estuvieron inmersas en el proceso. Desde el punto de vista de las autoridades, este escenario ha estado representado desde ese momento hasta la actualidad por las denominadas bandas criminales (BACRIM), aun y cuando en algunas organizaciones sociales, académicas y humanitarias reconocen un número mayor de este tipo de organizaciones, asignándoles diferentes denominaciones y características (grupos pos desmovilización, neo paramilitares, entre otros). Así como los diferentes hechos terroristas que se han venido presentando en los últimos meses por parte de las llamadas bandas criminales (BACRIM) con apoyo de diferentes organizaciones, este tipo de alianzas se encuentran consolidando y generando una futura amenaza para los intereses nacionales del País. The talks in Havana faced serious challenges, due to different political interests, which have triggered a series of concerns regarding the demands of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) to reintegrate into civilian life. That is why this work aims to show how organized crime in Colombia has undergone important changes in a short time. In all the areas analyzed by the FIP “Ideas for Peace Foundation”, the existence and territorial evolution of this phenomenon is explained by the demobilization of the paramilitary groups between 2003 and 2006, from the power vacuum that was created in some of these zones after the exit of these groups (and that later would cause disputes between some organizations) and / or of the continuity of some of economic and political criminal structures that were not immersed in the process. From the point of view of the authorities, this scenario has been represented from that moment to the present by the so-called criminal gangs (BACRIM), even though in some social, academic and humanitarian organizations they recognize a larger number of this type of organizations, assigning different denominations and characteristics (post-demobilization groups, neo-paramilitaries, among others). As well as the different terrorist acts that have been presented in recent months by the so-called criminal gangs (BACRIM) with the support of different organizations, these types of alliances are consolidating and generating a future threat to the national interests of the country.