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Introduction: The Radial Forearm Free Flap (RFFF) is a commonly used flap for soft tissue reconstruction, offering several advantages despite sacrificing the radial artery in the forearm. Understanding the anatomy of radial artery perforators, including their distribution, territory, and flow is crucial for reliable and safe flap harvest and design. Aim: To describe the versatility and applications of RFFF in reconstructing defects in various body parts. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, between January 2019 and January 2021, on 39 cases (age group: 20-70 years) who underwent RFFF. RFFF was utilised for reconstruction of the lip, palate, buccal mucosa, tongue, foot, nose, and phallus. Preoperative evaluation included assessing the vascular status of the non dominant hand using the Allen’s test. Results: RFFF was used for postcancer resection reconstruction in 11 cases of buccal mucosa (28.2%), 7 cases of the lip (17.9%), 6 cases of the tongue (15.3%), 2 cases of the palate (5.1%), 2 cases of phallus reconstruction (5.1%), 1 case of post-traumatic nose defect, and 1 case of 1st web space of the hand (2.5%). In 26 cases of postcarcinoma resection reconstruction, RFFF was used for buccal mucosa, lip, tongue, and palate. The patients were followed up for 2-8 months. Conclusion: RFFF fulfills most of the anatomical prerequisites for an ideal flap, providing a microvascular reconstructive option for patients with large defects in the head and neck, foot and ankle, and phallus. It exhibits a high success rate, good aesthetic and functional outcomes, allowing for the reconstruction of various defects. This study confirms the reliability of the radial free flap as a method for reconstructive surgery.

Abstract We investigate the pair-production of Right-Handed Neutrinos (RHNs) via a $$B-L$$ B - L $$Z'$$ Z ′ boson and present the sensitivity studies of the active-sterile neutrino mixing ( $$|V_{\mu N}|$$ | V μ N | ) at the High-Luminosity run of the LHC (HL-LHC) and a future pp collider (FCC-hh). We focus on RHN states with a mass of $$10-70$$ 10 - 70 GeV which naturally results in displaced vertices for small $$|V_{\mu N}|$$ | V μ N | . Being produced through a mass resonance with $$M_{Z'} \ge 1$$ M Z ′ ≥ 1 TeV, the RHNs are heavily boosted, leading to collimated decay products that give rise to fat-jets. We investigate the detection prospect of dedicated signatures in the inner detector and the muon spectrometer, namely a pair of displaced fat-jets and the associated tracks, respectively. We find that both the HL-LHC and FCC-hh can be sensitive to $$|V_{\mu N}| > 10^{-6}$$ | V μ N | > 10 - 6 and $$|V_{\mu N}| > 10^{-7}$$ | V μ N | > 10 - 7 with the number of events reaching $${\mathcal {O}}(10)$$ O ( 10 ) and $${\mathcal {O}}(10^3)$$ O ( 10 3 ) , respectively. This allows probing the generation of light neutrino masses through the Seesaw mechanism.

Abstract Extending the Standard Model with right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) is well motivated by the observation of neutrino oscillations. In the type-I seesaw model, the RHNs interact with the SM particles via tiny mixings with the active neutrinos, which makes their discovery in the laboratory, and in particular at collider experiments in general challenging. In this work we instead consider an extension of the seesaw model with RHNs with the addition of a leptoquark (LQ), and employ a non-minimal production mechanism of the RHN via LQ decay, which is unsuppressed by neutrino mixing. We focus on relatively light RHN with mass O $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (10) GeV and LQ with mass 1.0 TeV, and explore the discovery prospect of the RHN at the proposed Large Hadron electron Collider. In the considered mass range and with the given interaction strength, the RHN is long lived and, due to it stemming from the LQ decay, it is also heavily boosted, resulting in collimated decay products. The unique signature under investigation is thus a displaced fat jet. We use kinematic variables to separate signal from background, and demonstrate that the ratio variables with respect to energy/number of displaced and prompt tracks are useful handles in the identification of displaced decays of the RHN. We also show that employing a positron beam provides order of magnitude enhancement in the detection prospect of this signature.

Abstract We consider the gauged B − L model which is extended with a secluded dark sector, comprising of two dark sector particles. In this framework the lightest Z $$ \mathcal{Z} $$ 2-odd particle is the dark matter candidate, having a feeble interaction with all other SM and BSM states. The next-to-lightest Z $$ \mathcal{Z} $$ 2-odd particle in the dark sector is a super-wimp, with large interaction strength with the SM and BSM states. We analyse all the relevant production processes that contribute to the dark matter relic abundance, and broadly classify them in two different scenarios, a) dark matter is primarily produced via the non-thermal production process, b) dark matter is produced mostly from the late decay of the next-to-lightest Z $$ \mathcal{Z} $$ 2-odd particle. We discuss the dependency of the relic abundance of the dark matter on various model parameters. Furthermore, we also analyse the discovery prospect of the BSM Higgs via invisible Higgs decay searches.

In recent years, blockchain research has drawn attention from all across the world. It is a decentralized competence that is spread out and uncertain. Several nations and scholars have already successfully applied blockchain in numerous arenas. Blockchain is essential in delicate situations because it secures data and keeps it from being altered or forged. In addition, the market’s increased demand for data is driving demand for data scaling across all industries. Researchers from many nations have used blockchain in various sectors over time, thus bringing extreme focus to this newly escalating blockchain domain. Every research project begins with in-depth knowledge about the working domain, and new interest information about blockchain is quite scattered. This study analyzes academic literature on blockchain technology, emphasizing three key aspects: blockchain storage, scalability, and availability. These are critical areas within the broader field of blockchain technology. This study employs CiteSpace and VOSviewer to understand the current state of research in these areas comprehensively. These are bibliometric analysis tools commonly used in academic research to examine patterns and relationships within scientific literature. Thus, to visualize a way to store data with scalability and availability while keeping the security of the blockchain in sync, the required research has been performed on the storage, scalability, and availability of data in the blockchain environment. The ultimate goal is to contribute to developing secure and efficient data storage solutions within blockchain technology.

Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). Diagnosis of leprosy is confirmed based on cardinal signs and symptoms along with supportive laboratory investigations. Early diagnosis and treatment of new cases are essential to prevent disease burden and spread in community. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of currently available laboratory tests like M.leprae-specific repetitive element Polymerase Chain Reaction (RLEP-PCR) and conventional methods like, Slit Skin Smears (SSS), Histopathology (HP) and Fite-Faraco (FF) staining for detection of M. leprae in clinically diagnosed cases of early- stage leprosy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 82 newly diagnosed cases of leprosy was carried out in S.C.B Medical College, a tertiary care hospital of Odisha, India from September 2018 to August 2020. For every case, skin tissue was punched out to get biopsy for HP and FF staining and incised for SSS. At least two SSS slides were prepared per case. One SSS slide was stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining to demonstrate Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). The other SSS slide was air dried and the dried material was scraped off to perform PCR. Data were analysed by Statistics software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0. Association between categorical variables was studied by using Chi-square test. Comparison of mean±SD and median (IQR) were done by using independent sample‘t’ test. Agreement on different types of laboratory methods was done by using Kappa test. Results: Among 82 cases, 68.3% were RLEP-PCR positive, 56% had relevant chronic granulomatous features histopathologically, 39% were FF stain positive, and only 29% were ZN stain positive. Improvement in case detection of 39%, 29.3%, and 12.2% by PCR over SSS, FF Stain and HP respectively proved superiority of PCR over other procedures. Conclusion: PCR was most sensitive to detect leprosy both in pauci and multibacillary groups, thus considered as investigation of choice for diagnosis of early-stage leprosy.

Introduction: The National Family Health Survey-4 data from Odisha shows, adolescent growth spurt and nutritional level needs to be studied comprehensively for designing appropriate policies. Kandra community of Odisha is a Schedule Caste (SC) community with low socio-economic status. No study has been done on growth spurt of girls from this community. Hence, the paper examined growth and nutritional trend and test for significant difference on height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 78 sample were collected from one Gram Panchayat of Ganjam district, India. Somatometric measurements i.e., height, weight, chest, and calf circumference were collected from school-going adolescent, randomly. Mean difference between early and middle adolescent were seen through Levene's Test for equality of variances and independent sample-t-test. Result: Findings say, adolescent growth spurt was highest at age 13-14 years. The overall median height and weight were reported less than Indian and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standards. The difference between 12-13 years and 14-16 years were significant at p

Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) can be a good alternative to conventional catalysts because they are non-toxic and can be selective without compromising efficiency. Nano MOFs such as UiO-66 have proven themselves to be competitive in the catalytic family. In this study, we report the excellent catalytic behavior of UiO-66 MOF in the reduction of a model reaction: 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) over MOF-5 (Zn-BDC) and MIL-101 (Fe-BDC). Nano UiO-66 crystals were synthesized by a hydrothermal process and characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction, Diffused Reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The catalysts’ performance during the hydrogenation reduction reaction from 4-NP to 4-AP was investigated in the presence of a reducer, NaBH4. The UiO-66 nano crystals exhibited excellent catalytic behavior owing to its large surface area and Lewis acidic nature at the metal nodes. Furthermore, UiO-66 showed excellent recyclability behavior, verified during repeated consecutive use in a sequence. The catalyst yielded similar catalytic behavior during the reduction of nitrophenols at each cycle, which is a novel finding.

Emerging evidence demonstrates how inadequate access to water and sanitation is linked to psychosocial stress, especially among women, forcing them to navigate social and physical barriers during their daily sanitation routines. We examine sanitation-related psychosocial stress (SRPS) across women's reproductive lives in three distinct geographic sites (urban slums, rural villages, and rural tribal villages) in Odisha, India. We explored daily sanitation practices of adolescent, newly married, pregnant, and established adult women (n = 60) and identified stressors encountered during sanitation. Responding to structured data collection methods, women ranked seven sanitation activities (defecation, urination, menstruation, bathing, post-defecation cleaning, carrying water, and changing clothes) based on stress (high to low) and level of freedom (associated with greatest freedom to having the most restrictions). Women then identified common stressors they encountered when practicing sanitation and sorted stressors in constrained piles based on frequency and severity of each issue. The constellation of factors influencing SRPS varies by life stage and location. Overall, sanitation behaviors that were most restricted (i.e., menstruation) were the most stressful. Women in different sites encountered different stressors, and the level of perceived severity varied based on site and life stage. Understanding the influence of place and life stage on SRPS provides a nuanced understanding of sanitation, and may help identify areas for intervention.

This study was to determine the factors that affect the compliance of treatment of tuberculosis patients smear-positive pulmonary in Community Health Centers Cipondoh, Tangerang, Banten, the year 2015-2016. This research design was "case-control". The population was all positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients who received treatment and recorded in the listing sheet of TB-01 of Cipondoh Community Health Centers. Total samples were 35 people which been meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result showed treatment compliance description which was 80% of tuberculosis pulmonary patients obedient to medication. A predisposing factor was 74.3% for men; 82.9% new types of sufferers; 82.9% duration of treatment 6 months. The enabling factor was 37.1% of the distance to the Community Health Centers 1.26 km. The reinforcing factor of 80% did not have supervisor taking medicine. Analysis of the correlation between predisposing factor and compliance of tuberculosis treatment of smear-positive pulmonary, there was no relationship for gender variable, patient type, duration of treatment, and distance of home to Community Health Centers. Analysis of the correlation between reinforcing factor with compliance of tuberculosis treatment of smear-positive obtained no relation for the variable status of supervisor taking medicine.

The exchange of traffic information in cyberspace grows fast. In all areas of life utilize technology to exchange information. One of the media owned by many people is mobile device such as mobile phone and tablet computer. In fact many people have been using mobile devices for information exchange function, and expect information to be transmitted quickly, accurately, and safely. The information security sent will be very important when the information is confidential. One way to secure information sent is the concealment of information into a media so that information hidden is beyond recognition by the human senses, which is commonly referred to steganography. This research studied and implemented steganography using spread spectrum Method on Android-based mobile devices. The results showed that the inserted image before and after the message was inserted is not different with PSNR value of about 75.

Investment is very popular nowadays to gain profits of the available property. Many investment portfolios are available but there are still a handful of users who have not been able to determine the best type of investment. Surely it would be very unfortunate if the property can not be well invested. Therefore, it is necessary to propose another alternative method that can determine the existing investment portfolio. This method begins by a process which details existing factors in every investment portfolio. Then, it takes intuition properly to give weight to the initial calculation. After that, it takes a Fuzzy concept as a tool to provide a numerical weight to each of the parameters. The final step is weighting process using Dempster Shafer method. With the use of three basic concepts, investors are expected to obtain objective and optimal computing results related to the profitable investment portfolio selection.