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1. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals : Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., Donohoe, G., Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., and Donohoe, G.

Published
2018

2. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group.

Author

Faskowitz J., Jablensky A., Jansen P.R., Janssen J., Jonsson E.G., Jung L.A., Kahn R.S., Kikinis Z., Liu K., Klauser P., Knochel C., Kubicki M., Lagopoulos J., Langen C., Lawrie S., Lenroot R.K., Lim K.O., Lopez-Jaramillo C., Lyall A., Magnotta V., Mandl R.C.W., McIntosh A., Melicher T., Mesholam-Gately R.I., Michie P.T., Mowry B., Mueller B.A., Newell D.T., O'Donnell P., Oertel-Knochel V., Oestreich L., Paciga S.A., Pantelis C., Pasternak O., Pearlson G., Pellicano G.R., Pereira A., Pineda Zapata J., Piras F., Potkin S.G., Preda A., Rasser P.E., Roalf D.R., Roiz R., Roos A., Rotenberg D., Satterthwaite T.D., Savadjiev P., Schall U., Scott R.J., Seal M.L., Seidman L.J., Shannon Weickert C., Whelan C.D., Shenton M.E., Kwon J.S., Spalletta G., Spaniel F., Sprooten E., Stablein M., Stein D.J., Tan Y., Tan S., Tang S., Temmingh H.S., Westlye L.T., Tonnesen S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez D., Doan N.T., Vaidya J., Van Haren N.E.M., Vargas C.D., Vecchio D., Velakoulis D., Voineskos A., Voyvodic J.Q., Wang Z., Wan P., Wei D., Weickert T.W., Whalley H., White T., Whitford T.J., Wojcik J.D., Xiang H., Xie Z., Yamamori H., Yang F., Yao N., Zhang G., Zhao J., Van Erp T.G.M., Turner J., Thompson P.M., Donohoe G., Sundram S., Kelly S., Jahanshad N., Zalesky A., Kochunov P., Agartz I., Alloza C., Andreassen O.A., Arango C., Banaj N., Bouix S., Bousman C.A., Brouwer R.M., Bruggemann J., Bustillo J., Cahn W., Calhoun V., Cannon D., Carr V., Catts S., Chen J., Chen J.-X., Chen X., Chiapponi C., Cho K.K., Ciullo V., Corvin A.S., Crespo-Facorro B., Cropley V., De Rossi P., Diaz-Caneja C.M., Dickie E.W., Ehrlich S., Fan F.-M., Fatouros-Bergman H., Flyckt L., Ford J.M., Fouche J.-P., Fukunaga M., Gill M., Glahn D.C., Gollub R., Goudzwaard E.D., Guo H., Gur R.E., Gur R.C., Gurholt T.P., Hashimoto R., Hatton S.N., Henskens F.A., Hibar D.P., Hickie I.B., Hong L.E., Horacek J., Howells F.M., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Hyde C.L., Isaev D., Mathalon D.H., McCarley R.W., McCarthy-Jones S., McDonald C., McEwen S., Faskowitz J., Jablensky A., Jansen P.R., Janssen J., Jonsson E.G., Jung L.A., Kahn R.S., Kikinis Z., Liu K., Klauser P., Knochel C., Kubicki M., Lagopoulos J., Langen C., Lawrie S., Lenroot R.K., Lim K.O., Lopez-Jaramillo C., Lyall A., Magnotta V., Mandl R.C.W., McIntosh A., Melicher T., Mesholam-Gately R.I., Michie P.T., Mowry B., Mueller B.A., Newell D.T., O'Donnell P., Oertel-Knochel V., Oestreich L., Paciga S.A., Pantelis C., Pasternak O., Pearlson G., Pellicano G.R., Pereira A., Pineda Zapata J., Piras F., Potkin S.G., Preda A., Rasser P.E., Roalf D.R., Roiz R., Roos A., Rotenberg D., Satterthwaite T.D., Savadjiev P., Schall U., Scott R.J., Seal M.L., Seidman L.J., Shannon Weickert C., Whelan C.D., Shenton M.E., Kwon J.S., Spalletta G., Spaniel F., Sprooten E., Stablein M., Stein D.J., Tan Y., Tan S., Tang S., Temmingh H.S., Westlye L.T., Tonnesen S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez D., Doan N.T., Vaidya J., Van Haren N.E.M., Vargas C.D., Vecchio D., Velakoulis D., Voineskos A., Voyvodic J.Q., Wang Z., Wan P., Wei D., Weickert T.W., Whalley H., White T., Whitford T.J., Wojcik J.D., Xiang H., Xie Z., Yamamori H., Yang F., Yao N., Zhang G., Zhao J., Van Erp T.G.M., Turner J., Thompson P.M., Donohoe G., Sundram S., Kelly S., Jahanshad N., Zalesky A., Kochunov P., Agartz I., Alloza C., Andreassen O.A., Arango C., Banaj N., Bouix S., Bousman C.A., Brouwer R.M., Bruggemann J., Bustillo J., Cahn W., Calhoun V., Cannon D., Carr V., Catts S., Chen J., Chen J.-X., Chen X., Chiapponi C., Cho K.K., Ciullo V., Corvin A.S., Crespo-Facorro B., Cropley V., De Rossi P., Diaz-Caneja C.M., Dickie E.W., Ehrlich S., Fan F.-M., Fatouros-Bergman H., Flyckt L., Ford J.M., Fouche J.-P., Fukunaga M., Gill M., Glahn D.C., Gollub R., Goudzwaard E.D., Guo H., Gur R.E., Gur R.C., Gurholt T.P., Hashimoto R., Hatton S.N., Henskens F.A., Hibar D.P., Hickie I.B., Hong L.E., Horacek J., Howells F.M., Hulshoff Pol H.E., Hyde C.L., Isaev D., Mathalon D.H., McCarley R.W., McCarthy-Jones S., McDonald C., and McEwen S.

Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.Copyright © The Author(s) 2018.

Published
2018

3. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S. (S.), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Zalesky, A. (A.), Kochunov, P. (P.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alloza, C. (C.), Andreassen, O.A. (O. A.), Arango, C. (C.), Banaj, N. (N.), Bouix, S. (S.), Bousman, C.A. (C. A.), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Bruggemann, J. (J.), Bustillo, J., Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D. (D.), Carr, V.J. (Vaughan), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chen, J. (J.), Chen, J.-X. (J. X.), Chen, X. (X.), Chiapponi, C. (C.), Cho, K.K. (Kl K), Ciullo, V. (V.), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Cropley, V. (V.), De Rossi, P. (P.), Diaz-Caneja, C.M. (C. M.), Dickie, E.W. (E. W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Fan, F.-M. (F. M.), Faskowitz, J. (J.), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (H.), Flyckt, L. (L.), Ford, J.M. (J. M.), Fouche, J.-P. (J. P.), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gill, M. (M.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Goudzwaard, E.D. (E. D.), Guo, H. (H.), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (R. C.), Gurholt, T.P. (T. P.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hatton, W., Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Hong, L.E. (L. E.), Horacek, J. (J.), Howells, F.M. (F. M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hyde, C.L. (C. L.), Isaev, D. (D.), Jablensky, A. (A.), Jansen, P.R. (P. R.), Janssen, J. (J.), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Jung, L.A. (L. A.), Kahn, R.S. (R. S.), Kikinis, Z. (Z.), Liu, K. (K.), Klauser, P. (P.), Knöchel, C. (C.), Kubicki, M. (M.), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Langen, C.D. (Carolyn), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lenroot, R.K. (Rhoshel), Lim, K.O. (Kelvin), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (C.), Lyall, A. (A.), Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. (René), Mathalon, D.H. (D. H.), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McCarthy-Jones, S. (S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McEwen, S. (S.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Melicher, T. (T.), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Newell, D.T. (D. T.), O'Donnell, P. (P.), Oertel-Knöchel, V. (V.), Oestreich, L. (L.), Paciga, S.A. (S. A.), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Pasternak, O. (O.), Pearlson, G. (G.), Pellicano, G.R. (G. R.), Pereira, A. (A.), Pineda Zapata, J. (J.), Piras, F. (F.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Preda, A. (A.), Rasser, P.E. (P. E.), Roalf, D.R. (D. R.), Roiz, R. (R.), Roos, A. (A.), Rotenberg, D. (D.), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savadjiev, P. (P.), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Scott, R.J. (R. J.), Seal, M.L. (M. L.), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shannon Weickert, C. (C.), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Shenton, M.E. (M. E.), Kwon, J.S. (J. S.), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Spaniel, F. (F.), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Stäblein, M. (M.), Stein, D.J. (Dan), Sundram, S. (S.), Tan, Y. (Y.), Tan, S. (S.), Tang, S. (S.), Temmingh, H.S. (H. S.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Tønnesen, S. (S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Doan, N.T. (N. T.), Vaidya, J. (J.), Van Haren, N.E.M. (N. E.M.), Vargas, C.D. (C. D.), Vecchio, D. (D.), Velakoulis, D. (D.), Voineskos, A. (A.), Voyvodic, J.Q. (J. Q.), Wang, Z. (Z.), Wan, P. (P.), Wei, D. (D.), Weickert, T.W. (T. W.), Whalley, H. (H.), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Whitford, T.J. (T. J.), Wojcik, J.D. (J. D.), Xiang, H. (H.), Xie, Z. (Z.), Yamamori, H. (H.), Yang, F. (F.), Yao, N. (N.), Zhang, G. (G.), Zhao, J. (J.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Turner, J. (Jessica), Thompson, P.M. (P. M.), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Kelly, S. (S.), Jahanshad, N. (Neda), Zalesky, A. (A.), Kochunov, P. (P.), Agartz, I. (Ingrid), Alloza, C. (C.), Andreassen, O.A. (O. A.), Arango, C. (C.), Banaj, N. (N.), Bouix, S. (S.), Bousman, C.A. (C. A.), Brouwer, R.M. (Rachel), Bruggemann, J. (J.), Bustillo, J., Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calhoun, V.D. (Vince), Cannon, D. (D.), Carr, V.J. (Vaughan), Catts, S.V. (Stanley), Chen, J. (J.), Chen, J.-X. (J. X.), Chen, X. (X.), Chiapponi, C. (C.), Cho, K.K. (Kl K), Ciullo, V. (V.), Corvin, A. (Aiden), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Cropley, V. (V.), De Rossi, P. (P.), Diaz-Caneja, C.M. (C. M.), Dickie, E.W. (E. W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Fan, F.-M. (F. M.), Faskowitz, J. (J.), Fatouros-Bergman, H. (H.), Flyckt, L. (L.), Ford, J.M. (J. M.), Fouche, J.-P. (J. P.), Fukunaga, M. (Masaki), Gill, M. (M.), Glahn, D.C. (David), Gollub, R.L. (Randy), Goudzwaard, E.D. (E. D.), Guo, H. (H.), Gur, R.E. (Raquel), Gur, R.C. (R. C.), Gurholt, T.P. (T. P.), Hashimoto, R. (Ryota), Hatton, W., Henskens, F.A. (Frans), Hibar, D.P. (D. P.), Hickie, I.B. (Ian), Hong, L.E. (L. E.), Horacek, J. (J.), Howells, F.M. (F. M.), Hulshoff Pol, H.E. (Hilleke), Hyde, C.L. (C. L.), Isaev, D. (D.), Jablensky, A. (A.), Jansen, P.R. (P. R.), Janssen, J. (J.), Jönsson, E.G. (Erik), Jung, L.A. (L. A.), Kahn, R.S. (R. S.), Kikinis, Z. (Z.), Liu, K. (K.), Klauser, P. (P.), Knöchel, C. (C.), Kubicki, M. (M.), Lagopoulos, J. (Jim), Langen, C.D. (Carolyn), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lenroot, R.K. (Rhoshel), Lim, K.O. (Kelvin), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (C.), Lyall, A. (A.), Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. (René), Mathalon, D.H. (D. H.), McCarley, R.W. (Robert), McCarthy-Jones, S. (S.), McDonald, C. (Colm), McEwen, S. (S.), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), Melicher, T. (T.), Mesholam-Gately, R.I. (Raquelle), Michie, P.T. (Patricia), Mowry, B.J. (Bryan J), Mueller, B.A. (Bryon ), Newell, D.T. (D. T.), O'Donnell, P. (P.), Oertel-Knöchel, V. (V.), Oestreich, L. (L.), Paciga, S.A. (S. A.), Pantelis, C. (Christos), Pasternak, O. (O.), Pearlson, G. (G.), Pellicano, G.R. (G. R.), Pereira, A. (A.), Pineda Zapata, J. (J.), Piras, F. (F.), Potkin, S.G. (Steven), Preda, A. (A.), Rasser, P.E. (P. E.), Roalf, D.R. (D. R.), Roiz, R. (R.), Roos, A. (A.), Rotenberg, D. (D.), Satterthwaite, T.D. (Theodore), Savadjiev, P. (P.), Schall, J.D. (Jeffrey), Scott, R.J. (R. J.), Seal, M.L. (M. L.), Seidman, L.J. (Larry), Shannon Weickert, C. (C.), Whelan, C.D. (Christopher), Shenton, M.E. (M. E.), Kwon, J.S. (J. S.), Spalletta, G. (Gianfranco), Spaniel, F. (F.), Sprooten, R. (Roy), Stäblein, M. (M.), Stein, D.J. (Dan), Sundram, S. (S.), Tan, Y. (Y.), Tan, S. (S.), Tang, S. (S.), Temmingh, H.S. (H. S.), Westlye, L.T. (Lars), Tønnesen, S. (S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Doan, N.T. (N. T.), Vaidya, J. (J.), Van Haren, N.E.M. (N. E.M.), Vargas, C.D. (C. D.), Vecchio, D. (D.), Velakoulis, D. (D.), Voineskos, A. (A.), Voyvodic, J.Q. (J. Q.), Wang, Z. (Z.), Wan, P. (P.), Wei, D. (D.), Weickert, T.W. (T. W.), Whalley, H. (H.), White, T.J.H. (Tonya), Whitford, T.J. (T. J.), Wojcik, J.D. (J. D.), Xiang, H. (H.), Xie, Z. (Z.), Yamamori, H. (H.), Yang, F. (F.), Yao, N. (N.), Zhang, G. (G.), Zhao, J. (J.), Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Turner, J. (Jessica), Thompson, P.M. (P. M.), and Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis)

Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018
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4. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S, Jahanshad, N, Zalesky, A, Kochunov, P, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Andreassen, OA, Arango, C, Banaj, N, Bouix, S, Bousman, CA, Brouwer, RM, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Cahn, W, Calhoun, V, Cannon, D, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chen, J, Chen, J-X, Chen, X, Chiapponi, C, Cho, KK, Ciullo, V, Corvin, AS, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cropley, V, De Rossi, P, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dickie, EW, Ehrlich, S, Fan, F-M, Faskowitz, J, Fatouros-Bergman, H, Flyckt, L, Ford, JM, Fouche, J-P, Fukunaga, M, Gill, M, Glahn, DC, Gollub, R, Goudzwaard, ED, Guo, H, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Gurholt, TP, Hashimoto, R, Hatton, SN, Henskens, FA, Hibar, DP, Hickie, IB, Hong, LE, Horacek, J, Howells, FM, Pol, HEH, Hyde, CL, Isaev, D, Jablensky, A, Jansen, PR, Janssen, J, Jonsson, EG, Jung, LA, Kahn, RS, Kikinis, Z, Liu, K, Klauser, P, Knoechel, C, Kubicki, M, Lagopoulos, J, Langen, C, Lawrie, S, Lenroot, RK, Lim, KO, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Lyall, A, Magnotta, V, Mandl, RCW, Mathalon, DH, McCarley, RW, McCarthy-Jones, S, McDonald, C, McEwen, S, McIntosh, A, Melicher, T, Mesholam-Gately, R, Michie, PT, Mowry, B, Mueller, BA, Newell, DT, O'Donnell, P, Oertel-Knoechel, V, Oestreich, L, Paciga, SA, Pantelis, C, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, G, Pellicano, GR, Pereira, A, Zapata, JP, Piras, F, Potkin, SG, Preda, A, Rasser, PE, Roalf, DR, Roiz, R, Roos, A, Rotenberg, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Savadjiev, P, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Seal, ML, Seidman, LJ, Weickert, CS, Whelan, CD, Shenton, ME, Kwon, JS, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Sprooten, E, Stablein, M, Stein, DJ, Sundram, S, Tan, Y, Tan, S, Tang, S, Temmingh, HS, Westlye, LT, Tonnesen, S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Doan, NT, Vaidya, J, van Haren, NEM, Vargas, CD, Vecchio, D, Velakoulis, D, Voineskos, A, Voyvodic, JQ, Wang, Z, Wan, P, Wei, D, Weickert, TW, Whalley, H, White, T, Whitford, TJ, Wojcik, JD, Xiang, H, Xie, Z, Yamamori, H, Yang, F, Yao, N, Zhang, G, Zhao, J, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Thompson, PM, Donohoe, G, Kelly, S, Jahanshad, N, Zalesky, A, Kochunov, P, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Andreassen, OA, Arango, C, Banaj, N, Bouix, S, Bousman, CA, Brouwer, RM, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Cahn, W, Calhoun, V, Cannon, D, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chen, J, Chen, J-X, Chen, X, Chiapponi, C, Cho, KK, Ciullo, V, Corvin, AS, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cropley, V, De Rossi, P, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dickie, EW, Ehrlich, S, Fan, F-M, Faskowitz, J, Fatouros-Bergman, H, Flyckt, L, Ford, JM, Fouche, J-P, Fukunaga, M, Gill, M, Glahn, DC, Gollub, R, Goudzwaard, ED, Guo, H, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Gurholt, TP, Hashimoto, R, Hatton, SN, Henskens, FA, Hibar, DP, Hickie, IB, Hong, LE, Horacek, J, Howells, FM, Pol, HEH, Hyde, CL, Isaev, D, Jablensky, A, Jansen, PR, Janssen, J, Jonsson, EG, Jung, LA, Kahn, RS, Kikinis, Z, Liu, K, Klauser, P, Knoechel, C, Kubicki, M, Lagopoulos, J, Langen, C, Lawrie, S, Lenroot, RK, Lim, KO, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Lyall, A, Magnotta, V, Mandl, RCW, Mathalon, DH, McCarley, RW, McCarthy-Jones, S, McDonald, C, McEwen, S, McIntosh, A, Melicher, T, Mesholam-Gately, R, Michie, PT, Mowry, B, Mueller, BA, Newell, DT, O'Donnell, P, Oertel-Knoechel, V, Oestreich, L, Paciga, SA, Pantelis, C, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, G, Pellicano, GR, Pereira, A, Zapata, JP, Piras, F, Potkin, SG, Preda, A, Rasser, PE, Roalf, DR, Roiz, R, Roos, A, Rotenberg, D, Satterthwaite, TD, Savadjiev, P, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Seal, ML, Seidman, LJ, Weickert, CS, Whelan, CD, Shenton, ME, Kwon, JS, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Sprooten, E, Stablein, M, Stein, DJ, Sundram, S, Tan, Y, Tan, S, Tang, S, Temmingh, HS, Westlye, LT, Tonnesen, S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Doan, NT, Vaidya, J, van Haren, NEM, Vargas, CD, Vecchio, D, Velakoulis, D, Voineskos, A, Voyvodic, JQ, Wang, Z, Wan, P, Wei, D, Weickert, TW, Whalley, H, White, T, Whitford, TJ, Wojcik, JD, Xiang, H, Xie, Z, Yamamori, H, Yang, F, Yao, N, Zhang, G, Zhao, J, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Thompson, PM, and Donohoe, G

Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018

5. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: Results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Research Office, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 8, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., Donohoe, G., Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Affectieve & Psychotische Med., Research Office, Onderzoek Bob Oranje, Onderzoeksgroep 11, Onderzoeksgroep 8, Onderzoeksgroep 4, Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O. A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C. A., Brouwer, R. M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J. X., Chen, X., Chiapponi, C., Cho, Kl K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A. S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., De Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Dickie, E. W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F. M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J. M., Fouche, J. P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E. D., Guo, H., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Gurholt, T. P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S. N., Henskens, F. A., Hibar, D. P., Hickie, I. B., Hong, L. E., Horacek, J., Howells, F. M., Hulshoff Pol, H. E., Hyde, C. L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P. R., Janssen, J., Jönsson, E. G., Jung, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K., Klauser, P., Knöchel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R. K., Lim, K. O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R. C.W., Mathalon, D. H., McCarley, R. W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B. A., Newell, D. T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S. A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G. R., Pereira, A., Pineda Zapata, J., Piras, F., Potkin, S. G., Preda, A., Rasser, P. E., Roalf, D. R., Roiz, R., Roos, A., Rotenberg, D., Satterthwaite, T. D., Savadjiev, P., Schall, U., Scott, R. J., Seal, M. L., Seidman, L. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Whelan, C. D., Shenton, M. E., Kwon, J. S., Spalletta, G., Spaniel, F., Sprooten, E., Stäblein, M., Stein, D. J., Sundram, S., Tan, Y., Tan, S., Tang, S., Temmingh, H. S., Westlye, L. T., Tønnesen, S., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Doan, N. T., Vaidya, J., Van Haren, N. E.M., Vargas, C. D., Vecchio, D., Velakoulis, D., Voineskos, A., Voyvodic, J. Q., Wang, Z., Wan, P., Wei, D., Weickert, T. W., Whalley, H., White, T., Whitford, T. J., Wojcik, J. D., Xiang, H., Xie, Z., Yamamori, H., Yang, F., Yao, N., Zhang, G., Zhao, J., Van Erp, T. G.M., Turner, J., Thompson, P. M., and Donohoe, G.

Published
2018

6. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S, primary, Jahanshad, N, additional, Zalesky, A, additional, Kochunov, P, additional, Agartz, I, additional, Alloza, C, additional, Andreassen, O A, additional, Arango, C, additional, Banaj, N, additional, Bouix, S, additional, Bousman, C A, additional, Brouwer, R M, additional, Bruggemann, J, additional, Bustillo, J, additional, Cahn, W, additional, Calhoun, V, additional, Cannon, D, additional, Carr, V, additional, Catts, S, additional, Chen, J, additional, Chen, J-x, additional, Chen, X, additional, Chiapponi, C, additional, Cho, Kl K, additional, Ciullo, V, additional, Corvin, A S, additional, Crespo-Facorro, B, additional, Cropley, V, additional, De Rossi, P, additional, Diaz-Caneja, C M, additional, Dickie, E W, additional, Ehrlich, S, additional, Fan, F-m, additional, Faskowitz, J, additional, Fatouros-Bergman, H, additional, Flyckt, L, additional, Ford, J M, additional, Fouche, J-P, additional, Fukunaga, M, additional, Gill, M, additional, Glahn, D C, additional, Gollub, R, additional, Goudzwaard, E D, additional, Guo, H, additional, Gur, R E, additional, Gur, R C, additional, Gurholt, T P, additional, Hashimoto, R, additional, Hatton, S N, additional, Henskens, F A, additional, Hibar, D P, additional, Hickie, I B, additional, Hong, L E, additional, Horacek, J, additional, Howells, F M, additional, Hulshoff Pol, H E, additional, Hyde, C L, additional, Isaev, D, additional, Jablensky, A, additional, Jansen, P R, additional, Janssen, J, additional, Jönsson, E G, additional, Jung, L A, additional, Kahn, R S, additional, Kikinis, Z, additional, Liu, K, additional, Klauser, P, additional, Knöchel, C, additional, Kubicki, M, additional, Lagopoulos, J, additional, Langen, C, additional, Lawrie, S, additional, Lenroot, R K, additional, Lim, K O, additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, additional, Lyall, A, additional, Magnotta, V, additional, Mandl, R C W, additional, Mathalon, D H, additional, McCarley, R W, additional, McCarthy-Jones, S, additional, McDonald, C, additional, McEwen, S, additional, McIntosh, A, additional, Melicher, T, additional, Mesholam-Gately, R I, additional, Michie, P T, additional, Mowry, B, additional, Mueller, B A, additional, Newell, D T, additional, O'Donnell, P, additional, Oertel-Knöchel, V, additional, Oestreich, L, additional, Paciga, S A, additional, Pantelis, C, additional, Pasternak, O, additional, Pearlson, G, additional, Pellicano, G R, additional, Pereira, A, additional, Pineda Zapata, J, additional, Piras, F, additional, Potkin, S G, additional, Preda, A, additional, Rasser, P E, additional, Roalf, D R, additional, Roiz, R, additional, Roos, A, additional, Rotenberg, D, additional, Satterthwaite, T D, additional, Savadjiev, P, additional, Schall, U, additional, Scott, R J, additional, Seal, M L, additional, Seidman, L J, additional, Shannon Weickert, C, additional, Whelan, C D, additional, Shenton, M E, additional, Kwon, J S, additional, Spalletta, G, additional, Spaniel, F, additional, Sprooten, E, additional, Stäblein, M, additional, Stein, D J, additional, Sundram, S, additional, Tan, Y, additional, Tan, S, additional, Tang, S, additional, Temmingh, H S, additional, Westlye, L T, additional, Tønnesen, S, additional, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, additional, Doan, N T, additional, Vaidya, J, additional, van Haren, N E M, additional, Vargas, C D, additional, Vecchio, D, additional, Velakoulis, D, additional, Voineskos, A, additional, Voyvodic, J Q, additional, Wang, Z, additional, Wan, P, additional, Wei, D, additional, Weickert, T W, additional, Whalley, H, additional, White, T, additional, Whitford, T J, additional, Wojcik, J D, additional, Xiang, H, additional, Xie, Z, additional, Yamamori, H, additional, Yang, F, additional, Yao, N, additional, Zhang, G, additional, Zhao, J, additional, van Erp, T G M, additional, Turner, J, additional, Thompson, P M, additional, and Donohoe, G, additional

Published
2017
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8. Increased Risk of Surgical Field Contamination from Acute Pre-operative Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis (Lice) Infestation - A Case Report of Two Twin Pediatric Patients.

Author

Rice RC, Schick S, Ruckle D, Jesurajan J, Gulbrandsen MT, and Roiz R

Abstract

Introduction: Little is known about the perioperative management of Pediculus capitis (lice) infestations, including risk of contamination to the sterile field, whether to delay surgery, and optimal time to treat and/or operate., Case Report: Two identical twin patients presented for elective in situ percutaneous pinning of chronic slipped capital femoral epiphyses. Active pediculosis capitis was noted intraoperatively by the anesthesia team during the first patient's surgery. Meticulous examination of the sterile field at that time demonstrated no organisms or other sources of contamination. The second patient's surgery was delayed to discuss her case with the infectious disease team. Scant literature exists to guide recommendations. Ultimately, a single permethrin treatment immediately before surgery was recommended and followed by our team. After careful prepping and draping, a louse was observed on the sterile field near the planned pin insertion site. The case was immediately canceled and delayed indefinitely. After two additional treatments over the next 4 days, only eggs (but no active insects) were observed in the patient's hair. We elected to proceed to surgery at that time, which concluded without issue., Conclusion: The surgical implications of an active lice infestation are numerous. Administration of antiparasitic medication in the immediate pre-operative period causes increased movement in pediculosis capitis, which may increase risk of sterile field contamination. Elective procedures should be postponed to complete multiple rounds of permethrin. In cases of urgent/emergent surgery, or in which treatment delay is unfeasible, foregoing delousing treatment in the immediate pre-operative period may be recommended., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: Nil, (Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group.)

Published
2023
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9. Outcomes for Patients With Developmental Hip Dysplasia Who Present After Six Months of Age.

Author

Roiz R, Harris LR, and Goldstein RY

Subjects
Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Orthotic Devices, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Hip Dislocation, Congenital diagnostic imaging, Hip Dislocation, Congenital therapy, Hip Dislocation, Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Abstract

Purpose: Late presentation of hip dysplasia persists despite robust screening methods. After 6 months of age, treatment with a hip abduction orthosis becomes challeng-ing, and all other treatment modalities have higher reported rates of complications., Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients from 2003 to 2012 who had the sole diagnosis of de-velopmental hip dysplasia, who presented before 18 months of age, and who had at least 2 years of follow-up. The cohort was then grouped based on their presentation before (BSM) or after (ASM) 6 months of age. The groups were compared for demographics, exam findings, and outcomes., Results: We identified 36 patients with presentation after 6 months and 63 patients who presented before 6 months. Hav-ing a normal newborn hip exam and unilateral involvement were risk factors for late presentation (p < 0.001). Only 6% (2/36) patients in the ASM group were successfully treated non-operatively; the ASM group underwent an average of 1.33 procedures. The odds of utilizing an open reduction for the primary procedure for the late presenting patient was 4.91 times higher than the early presenting group (p = 0.001). Limited hip range of motion, particularly hip external rotation, was the only significantly different out-come (p = 0.03). There was no significance difference in the complications (p = 0.24)., Conclusion: Management of patients with developmental hip dysplasia presenting after 6 months of age requires more surgical intervention but can result in satisfactory outcomes.

Published
2023

10. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group.

Author

Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Zalesky A, Kochunov P, Agartz I, Alloza C, Andreassen OA, Arango C, Banaj N, Bouix S, Bousman CA, Brouwer RM, Bruggemann J, Bustillo J, Cahn W, Calhoun V, Cannon D, Carr V, Catts S, Chen J, Chen JX, Chen X, Chiapponi C, Cho KK, Ciullo V, Corvin AS, Crespo-Facorro B, Cropley V, De Rossi P, Diaz-Caneja CM, Dickie EW, Ehrlich S, Fan FM, Faskowitz J, Fatouros-Bergman H, Flyckt L, Ford JM, Fouche JP, Fukunaga M, Gill M, Glahn DC, Gollub R, Goudzwaard ED, Guo H, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gurholt TP, Hashimoto R, Hatton SN, Henskens FA, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Hong LE, Horacek J, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hyde CL, Isaev D, Jablensky A, Jansen PR, Janssen J, Jönsson EG, Jung LA, Kahn RS, Kikinis Z, Liu K, Klauser P, Knöchel C, Kubicki M, Lagopoulos J, Langen C, Lawrie S, Lenroot RK, Lim KO, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Lyall A, Magnotta V, Mandl RCW, Mathalon DH, McCarley RW, McCarthy-Jones S, McDonald C, McEwen S, McIntosh A, Melicher T, Mesholam-Gately RI, Michie PT, Mowry B, Mueller BA, Newell DT, O'Donnell P, Oertel-Knöchel V, Oestreich L, Paciga SA, Pantelis C, Pasternak O, Pearlson G, Pellicano GR, Pereira A, Pineda Zapata J, Piras F, Potkin SG, Preda A, Rasser PE, Roalf DR, Roiz R, Roos A, Rotenberg D, Satterthwaite TD, Savadjiev P, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seal ML, Seidman LJ, Shannon Weickert C, Whelan CD, Shenton ME, Kwon JS, Spalletta G, Spaniel F, Sprooten E, Stäblein M, Stein DJ, Sundram S, Tan Y, Tan S, Tang S, Temmingh HS, Westlye LT, Tønnesen S, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Doan NT, Vaidya J, van Haren NEM, Vargas CD, Vecchio D, Velakoulis D, Voineskos A, Voyvodic JQ, Wang Z, Wan P, Wei D, Weickert TW, Whalley H, White T, Whitford TJ, Wojcik JD, Xiang H, Xie Z, Yamamori H, Yang F, Yao N, Zhang G, Zhao J, van Erp TGM, Turner J, Thompson PM, and Donohoe G

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain physiopathology, Cohort Studies, Corpus Callosum physiopathology, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Diffusion Tensor Imaging methods, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, White Matter physiopathology, Young Adult, Schizophrenia diagnostic imaging, Schizophrenia physiopathology, White Matter ultrastructure
Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018
Full Text
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11. Advanced skeletal maturity in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele.

Author

Roiz R, Mueske NM, Van Speybroeck A, Ryan DD, Gilsanz V, and Wren TAL

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Meningomyelocele diagnostic imaging, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Sexual Maturation, Age Determination by Skeleton, Meningomyelocele physiopathology
Abstract

Purpose: Atypical skeletal development is common in youth with myelomeningocele (MM), though the underlying reasons have not been fully elucidated. This study assessed skeletal maturity in children and adolescents with MM and examined the effects of sex, age, sexual development, ethnicity, anthropometrics and shunt status., Methods: Forty-three males and 35 females with MM, 6-16 years old, underwent hand radiographs for bone age determination. The difference between bone age and chronological age was evaluated using Wilcoxon sign rank tests. Relationships between age discrepancy (skeletal-chronological) and participant characteristics were assessed using multiple linear regression with forward selection., Results: Overall, forty percent (31/78) of MM participants had an advanced bone age of 1 year or greater (median: 2.5 years), while 47% (37/78) were within 1 year above or below their chronological age (-0.001 years) and 13% (10/78) were delayed by more than 1 year (-1.4 years). Bone age was advanced compared to chronologic age in both males and females (p⩽ 0.024). Advanced bone age was observed in early to late puberty and after maturation (p⩽ 0.07), as well as in Hispanic participants (p= 0.003) and in those with a shunt (p= 0.0004). Advanced bone age was positively correlated with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) percentiles (p= 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis, advanced bone age was most strongly associated with higher Tanner stage of sexual development, and higher weight, height or BMI percentile., Conclusions: Advanced skeletal maturity is common in children/adolescents with MM over 8 years of age who have reached puberty (65%), particularly those who are overweight (80%). Hormonal effects associated with adiposity and sexual maturity likely influence skeletal maturation. Clinicians may use Tanner stage and weight or BMI to gain insight into skeletal maturity.

Published
2017
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12. Analysis of parallel and transverse visual cues on the gait of individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Author

de Melo Roiz R, Azevedo Cacho EW, Cliquet A Jr, and Barasnevicius Quagliato EM

Subjects
Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Gait Disorders, Neurologic physiopathology, Humans, Knee Joint physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Prospective Studies, Range of Motion, Articular physiology, Severity of Illness Index, Walking physiology, Cues, Gait Disorders, Neurologic rehabilitation, Parkinson Disease rehabilitation, Vision, Ocular
Abstract

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) has been defined as a chronic progressive neurological disorder with characteristics that generate changes in gait pattern. Several studies have reported that appropriate external influences, such as visual or auditory cues may improve the gait pattern of patients with IPD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use three-dimensional (3D) analysis to evaluate the effects of parallel (PVC) and transverse visual spatial cues (TVCs) on gait variables (spatiotemporal and kinematic) of individuals with IPD. Twelve IPD patients were recruited from the Neurology Clinic, Medical School Hospital, Unicamp. The patients were initially evaluated using a modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale and subsection III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. A 3D analysis system consisting of six infrared cameras and 18 markers (with a sampling rate of 240 Hz) was used for gait evaluation at the Laboratory for Rehabilitation and Biomechanics of the Locomotor System - Unicamp. Patients were asked to walk down a walkway under the following circumstances: baseline condition (BC, without visual cues), TVCs (20 pieces of white adhesive tape, 5 cm width and 50 cm length, placed 45 cm apart) and PVCs (two adhesive white tapes, 30 cm distance between them, 5 cm width each tape, along the walkway). Compared with the patients without visual cues, gait velocity was higher with the aid of visual cues (PVCs and TVCs, P=0.003), and the percentage of leg stance time was smaller when cues were used (this value was significant for the right leg, P=0.008). In addition, stride length was significantly higher with the use of TVCs (P=0.006) compared with BC and PVCs. Regarding kinematic variables, TVCs resulted in smaller ranges of motion in knee joint flexion at initial contact and higher maximal amplitudes of knee flexion during the oscillatory phase compared with BC and PVCs. In conclusion, The use of TVCs on the gait evaluation results in improved gait variables compared with BC and PVCs. Therefore, the use of TVCs in a rehabilitation plan would be ideal for a physiotherapeutic treatment with emphasis on gait alterations.

Published
2011
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