Search

[EU] Emozioek gure bizitzan duten garrantzia izugarrizkoa da, eta hauek txikitatik ondo erregulatzen ikastea berebizikoa da. Horregatik, GrAL honetan lau urteko haurren erregulazio emozionalerako gaitasuna neurtu da, erregulazio emozionalerako eta emozioen labilitate/negatibitate eskalak erabiliz. Emaitzak ikusiz hezkuntza esku-hartze bat prestatu egin da, honen helburua erregulazio emozionalerako gaitasunetan trebatzea izanda, eta 15 haurrek parte-hartu dute. Esku-hartzea eta gero, hobekuntza txiki bat ikusi da, eta honekin hezkuntza goiztiarreko emozioen erregulazioan esku-hartzeak duen garrantzia ondorioztatzen da., [ES] La importancia de las emociones en nuestras vidas es enorme y aprender a regularlas adecuadamente desde pequeños es vital. Por ello, en este TFG se ha elaborado una intervención educativa para medir la capacidad de regulación emocional de los niños y niñas de cuatro años y mejorarla. Para ello, se ha utilizado una escala que mide tanto la regulación emocional como la labilidad/negatividad de las emociones, y a raíz de los resultados se ha diseñado una intervención educativa. El objetivo de esta intervención ha sido formar a 15 niños y niñas en competencias de regulación emocional. Tras la intervención se ha observado una leve mejoría por lo que pone de manifesto la importancia de la intervención en regulación emocional en la infancia temprana., [EN] The importance of emotions in our lives is enormous, and learning how to regulate them well from childhood onwards is vital. In this Final Degree Project, four year old children’s capacity for emotional regulation has been measured, and an educational intervention has been carried out to improve it. For this purpose, a scale has been used to measure both emotional regulation and emotion lability/negativity, and based on the results, an educational intervention has been designed and applied. The objective of this intervention was to train 15 children in emotional regulation skills. As a result of the intervention, a slight improvement has been observed, so we conclude the importance of the intervention in emotional regulation in early childhood.

[ES] El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tuvo como objetivo principal analizar la atención educativa prestada al alumnado con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo (NEAE) en época de pandemia. Asimismo, se quiso conocer cómo ha influido esta situación en este alumnado. Con este fin, para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizó como instrumento la entrevista y se contó con la participación de siete profesionales del ámbito de la educación. Los resultados mostraron que no se ha podido dar una respuesta educativa adecuada al alumnado con NEAE y que la situación de pandemia ha influido en el ámbito personal y académico de estos/as alumnos/as., [EUS] Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburu nagusia pandemia garaian hezkuntza-laguntza berariazko premiak (HLBP) dituzten ikasleei eskainitako hezkuntza-arreta aztertzea izan zen. Halaber, egoera horrek ikasle horiengan izan duen eragina ezagutu nahi zen. Horretarako, lanaren garapenean elkarrizketa izeneko tresna erabili zen, eta hezkuntza arloko zazpi profesionalek parte hartu zuten. Emaitzek erakutsi zuten HLBPak dituzten ikasleei ezin izan zaiela hezkuntza-erantzun egokia eman, eta pandemia egoerak eragina izan duela ikasle horien eremu pertsonalean eta akademikoan., [EN] The main objective of this Final Degree Project was to analyse the educational attention given to students with specific needs of educational support (SNES) in times of pandemic. The aim was also to find out how this situation has influenced these pupils. For this purpose, the interview was used as an instrument for the development of the work, and seven professionals from the field of education participated. The results showed that it has not been possible to provide a suitable educational response to students with SNES, and that the pandemic situation has influenced the personal and academic field of these students.

Violence in adolescent and young couples is a major issue given its high prevalence and the serious consequences that it brings. For this reason, this research has stated two main objectives. In the first place, to ascertain the level of agreement between both members of the couple both with regard to occurrence and frequency of violence. Second, to ascertain the level of agreement on the frequency of use of conflict resolution strategies in problematic situations in 141 heterosexual couples. The age of the sample was between 17 and 30. The tools used were the DVQ-R questionnaire and the Spanish adaptation by Bonache, Ramírez-Santana, and González-Mendez (2016) of the Inventory of Conflict Resolution Styles (CSRI)The results indicate that of the 141 couples in the sample, 112 were identified as violent, thus indicating a high prevalence of violence within their partner relationships. Regarding the levels of agreement and accordance, statistically significant discrepancies are reflected in the perception of violence between men and women, analyzing both roles (aggression and victimization). Finally, also noteworthy is use of the strategy of negative involvement in conflicts, with significant differences in relation to sex; it is the girls who make the most use of this strategy, and the high level of agreement on the frequency of problem-solving is reflected on that strategy.

This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper’s conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error.

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

The study the origin and development of the nervous system in humans has gained increasing attention since its understanding is useful in the treatment of developmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to review its current status, focusing on the prenatal stage. We searched papers from 2003 to 2013 in academic data-bases such as Academic Search Complete, Medline, and Science Direct, including the following keywords: ontogenetic development, human nervous system and prenatal stage. We conclude that a series of perfectly orchestrated ontogenetic events, which take place from fecundation of the ovum to the birth of the individual, are involved in the origin and prenatal development of the human nervous system. These events may occur either successively or in an overlapping manner. These events are the following: transformation of the zygote; primary neurulation; neurogenesis; neuronal migration; neuronal clustering; synaptogenesis; myelination and synaptic pruning. Moreover, we conclude that there are at least two issues that no longer spark scientific debate. The first one refers to the fact that the origin and prenatal development of the human nervous system shows a stereotyped pattern. The second one is about that the combined action of external (environment) and internal (genetics) influences determine the pattern of development. We recommend to focus on neuronal migration and synaptic reorganization after axonal pruning., El estudio del origen y desarrollo del sistema nervioso humano es imprescindible para combatir los trastornos del desarrollo y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Por esta razón, la presente monografía tiene como objetivo revisar el estado actual de esta cuestión, centrándose específicamente en la fase prenatal de tal desarrollo. De acuerdo con este objetivo, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda electrónica entre 2003 y 2013 de literatura científica publicada en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, Medline y Science Direct, incluyendo las siguientes palabras clave: desarrollo ontogenético, sistema nervioso humano y fase prenatal. A la luz de esta revisión, se concluye que en el origen y desarrollo prenatal del sistema nervioso humano están implicados toda una serie de eventos ontogenéticos perfectamente orquestados, que tienen lugar desde la fecundación del óvulo hasta el nacimiento del individuo. Estos eventos se pueden presentar de manera sucesiva, o bien de manera superpuesta. Se trata específicamente de los siguientes eventos: transformación del zigoto; neurulación primaria; neurogénesis; migración neuronal; agrupamiento neuronal; sinaptogénesis, mielinización y poda axónica. Además, se concluye que existen al menos dos cuestiones que ya no suscitan debate científico. El primero es sobre el hecho de que el origen y desarrollo prenatal del sistema nervioso humano muestra un patrón estereotipado. El segundo se refiere a que la acción combinada de la influencia externa (medio ambiente) e interna (genética) determina dicho patrón de desarrollo. Finalmente, se recomienda invertir un mayor esfuerzo investigador en el futuro en dilucidar varias cuestiones relativas a la migración neuronal y a la reorganización sináptica posterior a la poda axónica.

During this decade, there has been an increased on research about music therapy interventions as a therapeutic tool. Narrative reviews that have been published till nowadays show the implications and effectiveness of interventions based on music therapy as a rehabilitative intervention strategy. However, due to their narrowness they lack of a general perspective of the construct. Moreover, these reviews do not include in their criteria the search term “music therapy”, thereby excluding studies that support the effectiveness of music therapy in rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to solve this issue including and reviewing findings of published research that have been excluded from previous reviews over the last ten years. There were two research questions: For which disorders is music therapy more effective? What are the benefits of music therapy in rehabilitation? In order to answer these questions, we conducted a literature review in academic databases, such as Academic Search Complete, Medline, and Science Direct, including the search term "music therapy". Furthermore, papers fulfilling inclusion criteria, such as empirical studies, written in English, which used music as therapeutic stimulation were reviewed. We found twenty-four studies in which we analyzed the participants (experimental vs. control), the results, and limitations. We conclude, cautiously, that music therapy may help in the rehabilitation of cognitive, motor, and sensory functions of brain damage, the rehabilitation of schizophrenia and primary depression; and amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders, autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse and other pathologies. We recommend overcoming the methodological limitations of these studies and the suitability of cross-cultural studies., Las investigaciones en el campo de la aplicación de la terapia musical como herramienta terapéutica han aumentado en los últimos diez años. Las revisiones narrativas publicadas hasta la fecha muestran los efectos y la eficacia de la terapia musical como estrategia de intervención rehabilitadora. Sin embargo, no tratan la temática desde una perspectiva general y ninguna de ellas ha incluido el término “musical therapy” entre los términos de búsqueda de literatura, quedando excluidos, por tanto, los resultados de toda una serie de estudios que han contribuido a esclarecer la eficacia de la musicoterapia en rehabilitación. Por estas razones, el objetivo de este trabajo es remediar esta laguna y revisar los hallazgos de investigaciones publicadas en los últimos diez años que han quedado excluidas de revisiones anteriores. Específicamente, esta contribución pretende responder a las preguntas de investigación: ¿Qué tipo de trastornos se pueden beneficiar eficazmente de la musicoterapia? y ¿Qué efectos positivos tiene la musicoterapia en rehabilitación? Para responder a estas preguntas, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda electrónica de literatura en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete, Medline y Science Direct. La búsqueda incluyó el término “musical therapy” y ciertos criterios de inclusión, tales como los reportes sobre estudios empíricos redactados en que utilizaran música como estimulación terapéutica. Como resultado, se revisaron en total veinticuatro estudios, de los que se analizaron una serie de elementos, tales como los grupos de participantes (experimental vs. control), los resultados obtenidos y las limitaciones. Como conclusión, afirmamos, con cautela, que la musicoterapia puede contribuir a la rehabilitación de las funciones cognitivas, motoras y sensoriales del daño cerebral; a la rehabilitación de la esquizofrenia y de la depresión primaria; a la mejoría de los trastornos neurodegenerativos, de los trastornos del espectro autista, del abuso de sustancias y