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Rotational speed is one of the most important parameters in the performance of any system. It becomes more vital when the rotational speed measurement is required on real-time basis. Measurement of rotational speed has a crucial role in automation of agricultural machineries for various purposes. The existing real-time speed measurement systems are susceptible to the varying working environment. Therefore, it was necessary to study the performance of available sensor. In this study four different sensors (inductive proximity, Infrared (IR), Hall effect and optical proximity sensors) were tested in three different working environments (indoor, outdoor and outdoor dusty condition) for two different spacings (2 and 5 mm) between sensors and target. A laboratory setup was developed to test the performance of the sensors in terms of percentage deviation in rotational speeds measurement compared to actual values. The values were recorded in Secure Digital (SD) card and analysed using full factorial design. The means of the different levels were compared using Tukey’s (b) method. There was significant difference in sensor response for different conditions. The percentage of deviation in speed for Hall effect, inductive proximity, IR and optical proximity sensors varied from 0.55 to 1.03, 1.20 to 32.29, 21.37 to 100.00 and 35.18 to 99.98%, respectively. The study concluded that the Hall effect sensor was more suitable for rotational speed measurement than the other sensors without being affected by working environment.

A portable MSTD (mini solar tunnel dryer) was developed and evaluated in terms of drying rate, MR (moisture ratio) and drying efficiency for drying of pomegranate seeds. The drying characteristic curves were also determined for drying in MSTD and OSD (open sun drying). In order to study the drying behaviour of pomegranate seeds in OSD and MSTD, seven different models were fitted. The best prediction model was determined to estimate drying kinetics as criteria for evaluating the goodness-of-fit based on R2, SSE and RMSE. The Approximation of Diffusion model was adequate to describe the drying kinetics of pomegranate seeds in OSD and MSTD with R2 value of 0.99189 and 0.9943, respectively. The MSTD was 7% more efficient in drying of pomegranate seeds compared to OSD without affecting the quality of seeds. The dryer can be used by the farmers as an alternative to sun drying for on field drying of their product without compromising the quality.

Abstract: Being an integral part of the eukaryotic transcriptome, miRNAs are regarded as vital regulators of diverse developmental and physiological processes. Clearly, miRNA activity is kept in check by various regulatory mechanisms that control their biogenesis and decay pathways. With the increasing technical depth of RNA profiling technologies, novel insights have unravelled the spatial diversity exhibited by miRNAs inside a cell. Compartmentalization of miRNAs adds complexity to the regulatory circuits of miRNA expression, thereby providing superior control over the miRNA function. This review provides a bird’s eye view of miRNAs expressed in different subcellular locations, thus affecting the gene regulatory pathways therein. Occurrence of miRNAs in diverse intracellular locales also reveals various unconventional roles played by miRNAs in different cellular organelles and expands the scope of miRNA functions beyond their traditionally known repressive activities.

Comparative study is just a comparison study, according to formal properties, function, purpose and effectiveness. The main purpose of comparative study is, to compare a particular drug of different brands with the help of their stability, efficacy and evaluation parameters. Here we compare the carvedilol drugs different two marketed. It acts as anti-hypertensive agent so, it mainly preferred for arterial fibrillation, inhibits tachycardia, prevention of stroke, heart failure, it also works by blocking a natural substance like epinephrine, which results to cause lowers the heart rate, blood pressure and strain on the heart. In comparative studies we determined their efficacy and effectivity on the basis of variousin-vitrotests like weight variation, friability, hardness, dissolution and disintegration. It can be concluded that standard quality control parameters always should be maintained not only for carvedilol or its combination but also for all kinds of medicine for getting better drug products. The parameters in this comparative study between these two brands showed somewhat variation because every brand have their own method or processing or manufacturing and formulation properties. Mainly these parameters can show the different efficacy and effectivity and made them unique from each other.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of diverse developmental and physiological processes, and they themselves get regulated both at the level of biogenesis and turnover. We demonstrate that the ribonuclease XRN2 can degrade the mature forms of certain let-7 family members in multiple human cancer cell lines, without affecting their precursors. XRN2 also affects the accumulation of several other tumor suppressor miRNAs known to play important roles in cancer metabolism. XRN2 depletion results in a reduction in the expression of many oncogenes and diminishes the proliferative and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro. These experimental cancer cells also show reduced capacity to form tumors in mice and regress over time. The clinical relevance of these observations is further verified in tumour transcriptomics data from public RNA-sequencing datasets, where XRN2 mRNA expression is inversely correlated with the levels of a large number of miRNAs, including let-7 members, and high XRN2 mRNA levels are associated with poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma. We demonstrate that the miRNA is released by an as-yet unidentified proteinaceous ‘miRNA release factor’ from the grasp of Argonaute before its degradation, which is more abundant in the nuclear fraction. Our analyses of the patient-derived transcriptomics data also show that XRN2, via its regulation of let-7, affects multiple pathways in a consistent manner across epithelial and glial cell lineages, and thus, is of critical pathophysiological significance.

This study focuses on the development and performance evaluation of a biomass-fired dryer. The system was designed after considering the needs of small-scale rural entrepreneurs. The designed syste...

Terrace gardens are becoming a common feature in today's urban environment. It is difficult to keep a track on the plant's growth and health. Various pathogens are present in the environment which severely affects the plants and the soil in which it is planted, thereby affecting the production. Current systems cannot help people about the disease with which the plants leaves are affected by and what steps should be taken in order to prevent it from being damaged. The proposed system provides the leaf disease detection along with complete surveillance of the field with real-time values of field factors like temperature, humidity, moisture, etc. i.e. real-time monitoring. User can automatically control the flow of water if not physically present via app, also the real-time values can be tracked.