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The Internet of Things (IoT) application scenarios is becoming extensive due to the quick evolution of smart devices with fifth-generation (5G) network slicing technologies and hence IoT becoming significantly important beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks. However, communication with IoT devices is more sensitive in disasters because the network depends on the main power supply and devices are fragile. In this paper, we consider Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as a flying base station (BS) for the emergency communication system with 5G mMTC Network Slicing to improve the quality of service. The UAV-assisted mMTC creates a base station selection method with the aim of maximizing the system energy efficiency. Then, the system model is reduced into the stochastic optimization based problem using Markov Decision Process (MDP) theory. We propose a Dueling-Deep-Q-Networks (DDQN) based approach based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) technique for maximization of energy efficiency to solve the resource allocation problem. We compare the proposed model with DQN and Q-Learning models and found that the proposed DDQN based model performs better for resource allocation in terms of low transmission power and maximum energy efficiency.

Facial recognition is vital in today's technological world. There is a need to develop facial recognition systems which have high accuracy and at the same time high input to output response. To overcome the problem of low accuracy of facial recognition system we have attempted to combine different algorithm’s and develop a high accuracy facial recognition system. On combining different algorithms, we have observed that the Random Forest classifier achieved 96% accuracy in 2 secs. On the other hand, the Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier achieved 97% in 0 secs. Here we will compare the 6 classifiers to choose a optimal classifier.

Trends show that strategies for effective utilization of food wastes will emerge as a key field of research and markets shortly. In this study, for the first time, 3D printing technology, an emerging approach for food customization, was used to prepare nutrient-rich noodles from peel wastes obtained from potato processing industries. The study involves the characterization of material properties for 3D printing. Based on the analysis, the fine fractions of potato peel were found to exhibit better printability than the coarse fractions. Whole wheat flour and potato peel powder were used to formulate the material supply (60:40), and extrusion printing conditions for the in-house developed CARK printer were optimized at 600-mm/min printing speed, 600-rpm extrusion motor speed, and 6-bar pressure for a 1.28-mm-diameter nozzle. Consumer acceptance of the 3D printed and post-processed instant noodles were on par with the market product; with an energy value of 414.39 kcal/100 g, the formulated noodles can be a good choice for breakfast. Importantly, the concept provides new insights to improved utilization of food waste streams; 3D printed foods can be nutrient-rich as well as customized to any shape or layering for enhanced product acceptability. Further, the technology can be conveniently scaled up and the approach is sustainable.

A detailed investigation was conducted to study the concurrent effect of temperature and strain rate on the microstructure evolution in Ti–5Al–3Mo–1.5V dual-phase Titanium alloy. By applying varying strain rates from $$10^{-3} $$ to 10 $$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$ between 1098 and 1298 K at an interval of 50 K, isothermal compression characteristics and microstructural changes were recorded. The sizes of globules, concentrated predominantly at the lamellar kinks, were found to be inversely proportional to the strain rate. Further, a dynamic material model was employed to assess and plot the processing map displaying the safe hot working regime. The apparent hot-working activation energy in the $$\alpha +\beta $$ and $$\beta $$ phase field was 636 kJ/mol and 379 kJ/mol, respectively. A higher activation energy than the self-diffusion threshold of the $$\alpha +\beta $$ and $$\beta $$ field was attributed to lamellae breakup and dynamic recrystallization in the respective phase fields. The microstructure analysis and identified softening mechanisms further helped in concluding the safe hot working regime to be 1248 K and 10 $$^{-3}$$ $$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$ .

The human race has progressed to the point that the twenty-first century represents the commencement of inconceivable achievements. The aforementioned technologies can be used to determine a person's age and gender just by looking at them through a camera, image, or video. The study will examine the various approaches available, as well as which one is the most accurate and how they all fit together. It will also emphasise its significance and how it can be put into practise to improve our daily lives. Furthermore, by overcoming the difficulty of accuracy and time, to obtain the most effective predictions and results. Furthermore, the map for how this technology might be used to societal benefit looks at a wide range of applications, including security services, CCTV surveillance and policing, and dating applications.

In the span of ten years have witnessed a revolutionary change in Information Technology and have also changed the way of working for various IT companies. This rapid rise in technology has offered a better design to explore the new teaching model. As a matter of fact, technology plays a vital role in English language & Teaching (ELT). Technology has enabled teachers to adapt to various classroom activities, hence enhancing or encouraging the English learning process. English is absolutely necessary for each and every educated person. It has now become a minimum criterion in the placement cell. Learning the English language is not a piece of cake, you really have to work hard for it. Information technology may assist as the real educational structure allowing learners to learn English in a totally different way. IT continues to grow as an important tool to help teachers to facilitate English learning for their learners. In this early stage of this century, the range of technologies available for use in English language learning and teaching has become very diverse. This paper is going to explore the necessity of Information Technology to English Language Teaching (ELT) and also tries to bring out the problems faced by using these technologies. This makes English teachers aware of the strategies to use it in an effective manner and with easy methodology.

In the present study, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs: 1–2 wt. %) reinforced TiN coating were successfully fabricated over titanium alloy using a reactive shroud plasma spraying technique. All coatings were completely oxide free, while the addition of GNPs suppressed the non-stoichiometric TiN0.3 phase. Improvement of 19%, 18% and 300% in hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness was achieved by mere addition of 2 wt. % GNP. The addition of GNP in TiN also reduced the wear volume loss and the wear rate of the coatings for the entire range of temperature (293–873 K). Moreover, GNPs also manifested the coefficient of friction (COF) of the coating. Post wear characterization revealed that the presence of GNP throughout the wear track even at 873 K. The multi-layer structure of GNPs assisted in long term lubricity to the surface and increased the wear resistance of the coating.

Aim: To study if there is an increase in the serum levels of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in patients with glioblastoma so that it can be used as a diagnostic biomarker for these cases. Design: Prospective observational study. Material and Methods: We prospectively examined 193 patients, out of which 25 were controls (patients with degenerative spinal disease or CV junction anomaly), 79 were tumors other than glioma, 45 were histologically proven gliomas except glioblastoma and 44 were histologically proven glioblastomas. Serum was taken from the patients in the pre-operative period. Serum GFAP levels were determined using a biotin-labeled antibody-based sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative measurement of GFAP in ng/ml. Statistical Analysis: Data analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20:0. Statistical significance was defined as P value < 0.05. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to find the cut-off value of serum GFAP for glioblastoma patients. Results: In Group A (25 controls) and Group B (79 patients with non-glial brain tumors), no patient had detectable levels of GFAP in their serum. Out of the 45 patients with histologically proven gliomas except glioblastoma (Group C), 12 patients had raised serum GFAP levels. Out of the 44 patients with histologically proven glioblastomas (Group D), 38 patients had raised serum GFAP levels while in the remaining 6, the levels of serum GFAP were not detectable. The sensitivity of serum GFAP levels in diagnosing glioblastoma patients was 86.36% and the specificity was 91.95%. The diagnostic accuracy of the test was 90.67%. Conclusions: Serum GFAP is a sensitive and specific marker for glioblastoma and can be a useful pre-operative serum biochemical investigation in differentiating glioblastoma cases from other brain tumors.

BackgroundThere is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety from cohort designs. The current study aimed to evaluate vaccine performance during second wave in India. It also aimed to determine adverse events of significant concern (AESCs), and to ascertain the effect of vaccination on persistent health issues in individuals post COVID-19.MethodsA cohort study was conducted from July-2021 to December-2021 in a tertiary hospital of north India. The primary outcome was vaccine-effectiveness against COVID-19. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving vaccine. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors.ResultsIn 2760 healthcare workers (HCWs) included, 1033 COVID-19 events were reported. Around 6-17% vaccine effectiveness was observed against COVID-19 occurrence. One dose-recipients were at 1.6-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate-severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.5-times increased risk of moderate-severe COVID-19. AESCs were observed in 1.3% including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times and those receiving vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. Relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. Independent protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was high and persistent health issues were common in individuals receiving vaccine post COVID-19. Recommendations of vaccinating those recovered from COVID-19 need further studies.

As we are familiar with the increasing number and demand for online videos on the internet has led to difficulty in the extraction of required data. The recommendation system is used to filter or to collect information according to the user's preference. Nowadays, the use of recommendation systems has become important so that we can find more relevant data from huge sources. Based on the attributes such as genres, we can recommend important videos to different users. There are different video recommendation problems such as cold start, data sparsity, etc. Here in this paper, we are solving the data sparsity problem which is considered as the biggest problem as it can give poor results. There are different recommendation techniques that are used to solve various recommendation problems such as content-based filtering, real-time recommendation system, hybrid recommender system, single network-based recommendation system, collaborative filtering. We are using a single-network recommendation system to enhance the quality of recommendation.

The article presents the results of tests to assess stretchability of commercial purity titanium sheet. The plastic strain ratio (r value) indicates strong normal anisotropy and weak planar anisotropy in the plastic properties. The forming limit diagram (FLD), determined by hemispherical punch stretching, exhibits limiting strains that are large at the smallest strain ratios, low at plane strain, and minimum at a strain ratio close to equibiaxial stretching. Hill’s criterion for localized necking, in conjunction with a best fit constitutive equation from the tensile test and the quadratic Hill’s yield surface, predicts the negative minor strain region of the FLD well. However, fracture as the mechanism limiting the deformation cannot be ruled out, especially as the negative minor strain region extends to the positive side with a minimum in the positive side. The increase in limit strains in the positive minor strain region beyond the minimum and the plane strain condition occurring in full dome stretching are explained as “anomalies” due to planar anisotropy. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) studies show a strong basal texture that intensifies when deformed under plane strain and equibiaxial conditions. Under uniaxial tension, the basal plane texture changed to $$ \left\{ {0001} \right\}\left\langle {11\bar{2}0} \right\rangle $$ texture. Twinning is also found to be more under uniaxial tension. Trends in the mechanical properties correlate well with the EBSD results.

An investigation was conducted to understand the role of microstructure on the asymmetry of mechanical properties in quasi-static tension and compression in a two-phase titanium alloy Ti-5Al-3Mo-1.5V. Different microstructures were obtained (lamellar colony, basketweave and martensitic) on adopting different cooling rates after solution treatment in single phase β region. The microstructure with martensite exhibited higher strain to failure and lower yield strength than basketweave. Detailed TEM microstructural analysis helped reveal the existence of compression twins and strain-induced phase transformation in compression and tension tests respectively, both of which are relatively rare to be observed in two-phase titanium alloys.

We report in situ fabrication of oxide-free titanium nitride (TiN) coating by conventional plasma spraying technique. Complete oxide free TiN coating without using low pressure or vacuum environment was achieved by using the N2 shroud with plasma spraying. X-Ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscope confirmed the absence of any traces of oxide in the coating. Coating showed exceptionally higher mechanical properties (H: ∼18 GPa; E: ∼317 GPa). Outstanding reduction of ∼15 times in wear rate and ∼4 times in corrosion rate was observed compared to bare substrate (i.e. Ti-6Al-4V).