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This study attempts to explore the application of collaborative strategic reading strategy in improving reading comprehension achievement of 7th grade students at Buddhis Bodhicitta School and difficulties faced by the students in learning it. The methodology used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The data of this research are the result of reading tests taken from pre-test I & II and supported by the results of the questionnaires. The subjects of the research are forty-four students of the seventh grade of Buddhis Bodhicitta School. The findings of the research are the mean of pre-test I is 54,3 and the mean of post-test I is 70,2, the mean of pre-test II is 73,6 and the mean of post-test II is 75. It is concluded that using collaborative strategic reading can improve students’ achievement in reading comprehension. Then, there are some difficulties faced by the students in learning reading comprehension such as difficult to get the point of the text in preview strategy, did not know the meaning of difficult words, wrote the text by using their own words, did not know how to wrap up the text, difficult to work in a group, and could not follow the instruction.

As the first part of a narrative text, orientation should be able to attract the readers’ attention; therefore, it must be well organized. From the Systemic Functional Linguistics point of view, a well-organized text can be confirmed through its textual metafunction realized in theme and rheme. In addition to confirming a good organization of the clauses, theme-rheme interactions would make the text interesting. This paper aims at describing the thematic characteristics of the orientation of the English version of Hikayat Deli text (the translated text of Hikayat Deli). This study employed the data derived from the orientation part of the English version of Hikayat Deli text which was analyzed using content analysis. The results of data analysis showed that: (1) unmarked themes dominated the use of theme in the orientation part of the English version of Hikayat Deli text, (2) the story characters (participants) were used most frequently as the clause themes, and (3) conjunctions and conjunctives (textual themes) were the elements of multiple themes most frequently used in the orientation part of the English version of Hikayat Deli text. It is concluded that the choice of theme elements helps in constructing a well-organized orientation and in facilitating the easy understanding to readers of what the rest of the text is about.

This thesis entitled Dysphemism Used in Deadpool Movie. Dysphemism in Deadpool is problematized in its home country, i.e. the United States, due to its excessive occurrences. For this reason, this study aims at 1) to find out the types of dysphemism which illuminate the uses of dysphemism, and 2) revealing the functions which explain why the characters utilize such dysphemistic words. The theory of Dysphemism proposed by Allan & Burridge (2006) is used to reveal the functions of the use of dysphemism. In addition, the author also uses a semantic approach by delineating the meaning of dysphemism in a lexical and contextual manner along with examples of its use in context. Moreover, the analysis of componential meaning is used to observe the types of dysphemism based on Allan & Burridge's theory and Rawson's theory. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data of this research are words and phrases which indicated dysphemism. The sources of the data are transcript and video. There are 95 dysphemism data obtained and observed by the writer. The result of this research shows that three types of dysphemism are found in the movie, i.e. profanity, obscenity, and insult. The dysphemism type mostly found is the obscenity with 31 data (33%). In addition, there are seven functions of the use of dysphemism revealed: to humiliate something or someone else, to express anger, to emphasize thing or condition, to state and represent a very bad thing or condition, to express astonishment or amazement, to show intimacy and to express excitement. The most dominant function of dysphemism that is used in this movie is to humiliate something or someone else with 79 data (83%).

One of the effects of industrial development in plantation is the development in shipping and trade. Before the existence of plantations in East Sumatera, shipping and trade in Medan were centered at Labuhan Deli, as a river seaport. Periodically, shipping and trade activities at Labuhan Deli were in export and import from and to Malaya Peninsula (Penang and Malacca) and Singapore. The growth of plantations, of course, needed effective and efficient transportation. After the economy grew and was developed, Labuhan Deli as a river seaport was considered not effective and efficient anymore since ships with large cargoes could not sail on the river. Therefore, the Netherlands East Indies Government made a policy to build a new seaport which was located by the seaside in order to make loading and unloading goods easier. The Netherlands East Indies Government finally selected Belawan to be a new seaport for Medan. The research problems were as follows: how was the existence of Labuhan Deli by the policy of the Netherlands East Indies Government in moving the seaport to Belawan and what was the reason? How were the shipping and trade in Belawan seaport? These questions would be discussed in this research by using archives as the source and several writings published in Medan during the Dutch colonial period. The objective of the research was to describe the economic condition of the plantations which could change various aspects, specifically in shipping and trade. The research used historical research method which largely used archives from the Dutch colonial period, especially the statistics of shipping and trade, and the reports from BOW (Public Works Agency).

The research aims to identify the nonverbal communication especially kinesics aspect in the Simpsons memes in “memes.com” instagram. The nonverbal communications in the Simpsons memes convey the meme users’ emotions, feelings and messages through expressive actions. By analyzing the non verbal communication, the meme users are able to understand the meaning of the meme and the meme readers are able to understand what the memes senders try to communicate. The research was conducted by means qualitative descriptive analysis. The data of the research was the Simpsons meme and the source of data was “memes.com” instagram. The data collection was qualitative audio and visual material because the data is a picture. The sample of the research was forteen Simpsons memes. Facial expression, posture and gesture are the kinesics aspect that found in the Simpsons memes in “memes.com” instagram. The results of the researchwere one meme showed posture and gesture, two memes showed facial expression and gesture, three memes showed facial expression and posture, memes only showed posture and five memes showed the character’s facial expression in conveying the message.

This study attempts to investigate thematic progression deployed in The Black Cat short story. The objectives of study are 1) To indicate the types of Thematic Progression in “The Black Cat” short story and 2) to describe the realization of Thematic Progression in “The Black Cat” short story. This study was conducted in descriptive qualitative design. The data were taken from the text of “The Black Cat” short story. The source of the data in this study was The Black Cat and Other Stories book written by Edgar Allan Poe. Systemic Functional Linguistics theory proposed by Halliday (1994) was used to analyzed thematic progression in “The Black Cat” short story regarded with Textual Function. In analyzing the thematic progression, there are three kinds of thematic progression: theme reiteration, the zig-zag pattern and the multiple- rheme pattern. The findings showed that the multiple- rheme pattern is the most dominant realized in 32 times (74%), theme reiteration is the second realized in 7 times (16,3%), and the zig-zag pattern is realized in 4 times (9,3%) and the least dominant pattern in “The Black Cat” short story.

This article is concerned with a study of pronunciation errors made by students of English Literature Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. The scope is limited to the study of error analysis in the pronunciation of English phonemes. The participants of this study were two students of the department with Acehnese background. In this study, the electronic software called Praat was used as an instrument in the analysis of speech sounds of the participants. The purpose of this study was to find out the dominant errors of the pronunciation of English phonemes made by the participants. The data were derived from the pronunciations of English phonemes which were recorded and transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as in Katamba (1996: 13). The standard value of the pronunciation of English phonemes was adopted from Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. The quality of the pronunciations of the participants was described in graphs and the results were shown in percentage as given in tables and charts.

The objective of the research is to observe language attitude and choice of Minangkabau community residing in Medan to find out whether the people in the community have a positive or negative attitude toward Minangkabau language, and whether their language choice shows a preference toward Bahasa Indonesia, Minangkabau language, or other languages. This research was conducted in two subdistricts covering four villages in Medan. The data of this research were 400 copies of questionnaire whichcontained the respondents’ answers to 11 questions on language attitude and 18 questions on language choice. The data obtained were analyzed using Likert Scale for language attitude and domain analysis for language choice. It was found that the result of the language attitude was positive but in the language choice, respondents tended to use Bahasa Indonesia in the family, friendship, place, and media domains Permalink/DOI: dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v45i12017p076

In the English teaching and learning process, there are four skills that are identified as very important; listening, speaking, reading and writing. The Indonesian government places English as a compulsory subject for junior and senior high school. But in practice, teaching English is not too maximal. Reading skills in this case reading English texts is very important because by reading it is open the opportunity to absorb other existing knowledge. Reading comprehension is an advanced level of reading skills. Senior high school students are expected to have mastered the comprehension skills of reading English texts at an advanced level. This is because most likely at the level of lectures these students are required to read English reference books. Therefore, research that reveals the problems that exist in the teaching and learning process of Reading Comprehension English texts needs to be done. Data sources were the articles about teaching English, focusing in the problem of reading comprehension. Data were words and sentences from the articles. The analysis technique used was thematic analysis. Based on the research, problem face by student in reading comprehension of English text was majoring in three theme; 1. Problems from the student self, 2. Problems from the teacher, and 3.External problems. Problems from the student self consist of three part; student basic English ability, less attraction on the subject and not motivated. Problems from the teacher were not using any method while teaching and used inappropriate method. External problems were material and environment.

This thesis entitled “VOCATIVES FOUND THE POEM OF THE COBRA-KING AND THE FROG-KING” is a study about vocatives in The Poem of The Cobra-King and The Frog-King. The aim of this study is to find out the functions of vocatives and types of vocatives also to find out the most dominant function and type of vocatives in The Poem of The Cobra-King and The Frog-King. The main theory used in supporting this study is a theory of vocatives as proposed by Zwicky (1974) and Bungin (2005). To support this study, the researcher employed a descriptive qualitative method since the data of this study are in the form of text. The result of this study indicates that there are two functions of vocatives found in this poem, such as Calls and Addresses. There are four types of vocatives found in this poem, namely Vocative that describes jobs, Vocative in the use of certain social words, Vocative based on characteristics and identity of the interlocutors, and Vocative based on the group of the interlocutors. The most dominant function of vocative found in this poem is the Addresses function that occurs 90 times or 80.36%, followed by Calls that occurs 22 times or 19.64%. While the most dominant type of vocative found is vocative in the use of social words became the most dominant types that occurs 85 times or 75.89% then followed by vocative based on the characteristics and identity of the interlocutors occurs 21 times or 18.75 %, vocative that describes jobs occurs 3 times or 2.67% and the last vocative based on the group of interlocutors occurs 3 times or 2.67 %.

This research investigates impolite utterances by haters of Lady Gaga on her instagram comments through pragmatic study. The object is to find out the types and functions of impoliteness strategies. This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative design. The data were words, phrases and clauses. The sources of data were comments of Lady Gaga haters in a photo which posted on January 10th 2019 on her instagram account. The findings of the study show that: (1) There are four types of impoliteness strategies found on comments of Lady Gaga’s instagram namely positive impoliteness, bald on record impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm. Positive and negative impoliteness are the high percentage strategies while sarcasm is the lowest frequency strategy to occur in this research. (2) There are three functions of impoliteness strategies are used by haters of Lady Gaga on her instagram comments. They are entertaining impoliteness, affective impoliteness, and coercive impoliteness.

This study analyzed the prosodic features of East Acehnese dialect speech act, based on age factor of the speaker through Acoustic Phonetic Theory by using Praat Program. The target of this study was the directive speech in the form of command and offer. The findings of this study is that the speech tone of directive speech kapurono seudati ke jih based on basic tone, final tone, high tone, low tone, and temporal duration, uttered by the teenage informant is higher than that uttered by the adult informant. On the contrary , the speech tone of directive sentence tagun keumamah ke lon siat based on basic tone, final tone, low tone, and temporal duration, uttered by the adult informant is higher than that uttered by the teenage informant. Only in high tone, the speech tone uttered by the adult informant is lower than that uttered by the teenage informant. The duration of utterance uttered by teenage informant is longer than that uttered by the adult informant.