1,618 results on '"Rohan, Thomas E."'
Search Results
2. Temporal changes in mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease
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Mullooly, Maeve, Fan, Shaoqi, Pfeiffer, Ruth M., Bowles, Erin Aiello, Duggan, Máire A., Falk, Roni T., Richert-Boe, Kathryn, Glass, Andrew G., Kimes, Teresa M., Figueroa, Jonine D., Rohan, Thomas E., Abubakar, Mustapha, and Gierach, Gretchen L.
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- 2024
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3. Association of sleep duration and insomnia with metabolic syndrome and its components in the Women’s Health Initiative
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Peila, Rita, Xue, Xiaonan, Feliciano, Elizabeth M Cespedes, Allison, Matthew, Sturgeon, Susan, Zaslavsky, Oleg, Stone, Katie L, Ochs-Balcom, Heather M, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Crane, Tracy E, Aggarwal, Monica, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Diabetes ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Sleep Research ,Obesity ,Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Humans ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Sleep ,Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ,Women's Health ,Insomnia ,Longitudinal study ,Metabolic syndrome ,Postmenopausal women ,Sleep duration ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests that inadequate sleep duration and insomnia may be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, longitudinal data with repeated measures of sleep duration and insomnia and of MetS are limited. We examined the association of sleep duration and insomnia with MetS and its components using longitudinal data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).MethodsThe study included postmenopausal women (ages 50-79 years) diabetes-free at enrollment in the WHI, with baseline data on sleep duration (n = 5,159), insomnia (n = 5,063), MetS, and its components. Repeated measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia were available from years 1 or 3 of follow-up and of the MetS components from years 3, 6 and 9. Associations were assessed using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations models, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for major risk factors were calculated.ResultsIn cross-sectional analysis, baseline sleep duration ≥ 9 h was positively associated with MetS (OR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.12-2.04), while sleep duration of 8- 88 cm and triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (OR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.01-1.40 and OR = 1.23; 95%CI 1.05-1.46, respectively). Insomnia had a borderline positive association with MetS (OR = 1.14; 95%CI 0.99-1.31), and significant positive associations with waist circumference > 88 cm and glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.03-1.34 and OR = 1.17; 95%CI 1.02-1.35, respectively). In the longitudinal analysis, change from restful sleep to insomnia over time was associated with increased odds of developing MetS (OR = 1.40; 95%CI 1.01-1.94), and of a triglyceride level ≥ 150 mg/dL (OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.08-2.03).ConclusionsAmong postmenopausal women in the WHI, sleep duration and insomnia were associated with current and future risk of MetS and some of its components.
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- 2022
4. Healthy lifestyle index and risk of pancreatic cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative
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Peila, Rita, Coday, Mace, Crane, Tracy E, Saquib, Nazmus, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Tabung, Fred K, Zhang, Xiaochen, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Rare Diseases ,Pancreatic Cancer ,Aging ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Digestive Diseases ,Obesity ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Stroke ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Body Mass Index ,Body Weight ,Female ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Humans ,Male ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Women's Health ,Healthy lifestyle index ,Pancreatic cancer ,Postmenopausal women ,Propspective cohort study ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Public Health and Health Services ,Epidemiology ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
PurposeLifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, body weight, physical activity, and diet quality have been associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. However, studies of their combined association in women are limited.MethodsData on smoking habits, alcohol intake, diet composition, recreational physical activity, body weight, and waist circumference, obtained at recruitment for 136,945 postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 years) participating in the Women's Health Initiative study, were categorized separately, with higher scores for each variable assigned to the categories representing healthier behaviors. The combined healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score, created by summing the scores for each risk factor, was grouped into quartiles. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer risk in association with the HLI.ResultsOver an average follow-up period of approximately 16.0 years, 1,119 incident cases of pancreatic cancer were ascertained. Compared to women in the lowest HLI quartile, those in the upper quartiles (qt) had a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (multivariable-adjusted HRqt3rd 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.99; and HRqt4th 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.88, respectively, p trend = 0.001). Use of waist circumference instead of BMI in the HLI score yielded similar results. Among women who were either non-diabetic or non-smokers, high HLI was also associated with reduced risk (HRqt4th 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.85 and HRqt4th 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.97, respectively). Stratification by BMI categories (18.5- 30.0 kg/m2) showed similar results in all groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in postmenopausal women, a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer.
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- 2022
5. The Association of Predicted Resting Energy Expenditure with Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative CohortResting Energy Expenditure and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
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Arthur, Rhonda S, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Prentice, Ross L, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Luo, Juhua, Sattari, Maryam, Xue, Xiaonan, Kamensky, Victor, Chen, Guo-Chong, Qi, Qibin, Anderson, Garnet L, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Neuhouser, Marian L, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Estrogen ,Aging ,Prevention ,Cancer ,Obesity ,Breast Cancer ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Body Mass Index ,Breast Neoplasms ,Energy Metabolism ,Female ,Humans ,Postmenopause ,Risk Factors ,Women's Health ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Clinical sciences ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and chronic inflammation, have been positively associated both with postmenopausal breast cancer and with resting energy expenditure (REE). However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the associations between REE and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between predicted REE (calculated using the Ikeda, Livingston, and Mifflin equations) and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer overall and by subtypes, and by level of body fat) among 137,283 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). All predicted REEs were positively associated with risk of invasive breast cancer [HRq5 vs. q1 = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.57-1.81; HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.57-1.82; and HR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.56-1.80 for Ikeda, Livingston, and Mifflin, respectively]. These positive associations were observed irrespective of the hormone receptor subtype, grade, and stage of the tumors, but were most pronounced for estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive tumors. After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the associations were mostly attenuated and remained statistically significant for most of the outcomes. We also observed an interaction between the predicted REEs and BMI, with the associations being somewhat stronger among normal weight and overweight women than among obese women (Pinteractions < 0.05). Our findings indicate that relatively high REE is associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women (particularly for the obesity-related tumor subtypes), irrespective of the equation used. Further studies using more objective measures of REE are, however, needed to confirm our findings.Prevention relevanceThis study showed that higher resting energy expenditure (REE) was associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer risk. REE provides energy to support cancer-associated disorders such as obesity and inflammation. Thus, studies on its association with breast cancer can help to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of breast cancer.
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- 2022
6. Associations of Lifestyle and Genetic Risks with Obesity and Related Chronic Diseases in the UK Biobank: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Zhang, Yanbo, Li, Yang, Peila, Rita, Wang, Tao, Xue, Xiaonan, Kaplan, Robert C, Dannenberg, Andrew J, Qi, Qibin, and Rohan, Thomas E
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- 2024
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7. BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause
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Von Holle, Ann, Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Blot, William, Chen, Yu, DeHart, Jessica Clague, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Fournier, Agnes, Garcia-Closas, Montse, Giles, Graham, Guevara, Marcela, Hankinson, Susan E., Heath, Alicia, Jones, Michael E., Joshu, Corinne E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koh, Woon-Puay, Linet, Martha S., Park, Hannah Lui, Masala, Giovanna, Mellemkjaer, Lene, Milne, Roger L., O'Brien, Katie M., Palmer, Julie R., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Shrubsole, Martha J., Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla, Tin Tin, Sandar, Visvanathan, Kala, Vermeulen, Roel CH, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Yuan, Jian-Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Nichols, Hazel B., Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Schoemaker, Minouk J., and Weinberg, Clarice R.
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- 2024
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8. Adiposity and breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women: Quantification of the mediating effects of leptin, C‐reactive protein, fasting insulin, and estradiol
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Dashti, S Ghazaleh, Simpson, Julie A, Viallon, Vivian, Karahalios, Amalia, Moreno‐Betancur, Margarita, Brasky, Theodore, Pan, Kathy, Rohan, Thomas E, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Thomson, Cynthia A, Wild, Robert A, Wassertheil‐Smoller, Sylvia, Ho, Gloria YF, Strickler, Howard D, English, Dallas R, and Gunter, Marc J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Breast Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,Aging ,Clinical Research ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Cancer ,Obesity ,Adiposity ,Body Mass Index ,Breast Neoplasms ,C-Reactive Protein ,Case-Control Studies ,Cohort Studies ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Estradiol ,Fasting ,Female ,Humans ,Insulin ,Leptin ,Postmenopause ,Risk Factors ,breast cancer ,causal mediation analysis ,colorectal cancer ,endometrial cancer ,estrogens ,inflammation ,insulin ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundMechanisms underlying the adiposity-cancer relationship are incompletely understood. We quantified the mediating roles of C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, fasting insulin, and estradiol in the effect of adiposity on estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe used a case-cohort study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, analyzed as a cumulative sampling case-control study. The study included 188 breast cancer cases, 98 endometrial cancer cases, 193 colorectal cancer cases, and 285 controls. Interventional indirect and direct effects on the risk ratio (RR) scale were estimated using causal mediation analysis.ResultsFor breast cancer, the total effect RR for BMI ≥30 versus ≥18.5-
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- 2022
9. Body Fat Distribution, Cardiometabolic Traits, and Risk of Major Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease in Postmenopausal Women.
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Chen, Guo-Chong, Arthur, Rhonda, Kamensky, Victor, Chai, Jin Choul, Yu, Bing, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Allison, Matthew, Sun, Yangbo, Saquib, Nazmus, Wild, Robert A, Bao, Wei, Dannenberg, Andrew J, Rohan, Thomas E, Kaplan, Robert C, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Qi, Qibin
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Diabetes ,Clinical Research ,Aging ,Cardiovascular ,Patient Safety ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Body Fat Distribution ,Body Mass Index ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Extremities ,Female ,Humans ,Postmenopause ,Risk Factors - Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between body fat distribution and incident lower-extremity arterial disease (LEAD).Research design and methodsWe included 155,925 postmenopausal women with anthropometric measures from the Women's Health Initiative who had no known LEAD at recruitment. A subset of 10,894 participants had body composition data quantified by DXA. Incident cases of symptomatic LEAD were ascertained and adjudicated through medical record review.ResultsWe identified 1,152 incident cases of LEAD during a median 18.8 years follow-up. After multivariable adjustment and mutual adjustment, waist and hip circumferences were positively and inversely associated with risk of LEAD, respectively (both P-trend < 0.0001). In a subset (n = 22,561) where various cardiometabolic biomarkers were quantified, a similar positive association of waist circumference with risk of LEAD was eliminated after adjustment for diabetes and HOMA of insulin resistance (P-trend = 0.89), whereas hip circumference remained inversely associated with the risk after adjustment for major cardiometabolic traits (P-trend = 0.0031). In the DXA subset, higher trunk fat (P-trend = 0.0081) and higher leg fat (P-trend < 0.0001) were associated with higher and lower risk of LEAD, respectively. Further adjustment for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure diminished the association for trunk fat (P-trend = 0.49), yet the inverse association for leg fat persisted (P-trend = 0.0082).ConclusionsAmong U.S. postmenopausal women, a positive association of upper-body fat with risk of LEAD appeared to be attributable to traditional risk factors, especially insulin resistance. Lower-body fat was inversely associated with risk of LEAD beyond known risk factors.
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- 2022
10. Adherence to Recommended Eating Patterns Is Associated With Lower Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative
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Chen, Guo-Chong, Arthur, Rhonda, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Xue, Xiaonan, Haring, Bernhard, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Allison, Matthew A, Liu, Simin, Tinker, Lesley F, Saquib, Nazmus, Coday, Mace, Shikany, James M, Neuhouser, Marian L, Snetselaar, Linda G, Van Horn, Linda, Rohan, Thomas E, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Kaplan, Robert C, and Qi, Qibin
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Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Aged ,Diet ,Diet ,Healthy ,Feeding Behavior ,Female ,Humans ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Peripheral Arterial Disease ,Postmenopause ,Risk ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Women's Health ,atherosclerosis ,diet ,lower extremity ,nutrition policy ,peripheral arterial disease ,risk factors ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
The potential role of nutritional factors in the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains poorlyunderstood. We evaluated multiple recommended eating patterns as reflected by predefined diet quality indices in relation tolong-term risk of PAD. We included 138 506 US postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative who had no knownPAD at baseline (1993–1998). Four diet quality indices, including alternate Mediterranean diet index, alternate HealthyEating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet index, and Healthy Eating Index-2015, were derivedusing dietary information collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of symptomaticPAD in the lower extremities were ascertained and adjudicated through March 2019 via medical record review. During amedian 18.6 years of follow-up, 1036 incident PAD cases were identified. After multivariable adjustment, all diet qualityscores were significantly and inversely associated with 21% (for alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010) to 34% (for DietaryApproaches to Stop Hypertension index) lower risk of PAD when comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles (all P-fortrend values ≤0.010). Among contributing food groups and nutrients, intakes of legumes, dietary fiber, and vegetable proteinwere associated lower risk of PAD, while intakes of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and regular soft drinks wereassociated with higher risk. In a broad sample of US postmenopausal women, adhering to different recommended eatingpatterns is associated with lower risk of PAD. Our findings suggest that current clinical and public health strategies thatrecommend healthful eating patterns may also be applicable to PAD prevention. (
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- 2021
11. A Randomized Trial of Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
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Peila, Rita, Xue, Xiaonan, Cauley, Jane A, Chlebowski, Rowan, Manson, JoAnn E, Nassir, Rami, Saquib, Nazmus, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Zhang, Zhenzhen, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,HIV/AIDS ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Aging ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Breast Cancer ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention ,Aged ,Breast Neoplasms ,Calcium Carbonate ,Carcinoma ,Intraductal ,Noninfiltrating ,Cholecalciferol ,Confidence Intervals ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Incidence ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Middle Aged ,Placebos ,Postmenopause ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Risk ,Time Factors ,Vitamins ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
The effect of calcium plus vitamin D (CaD) supplementation on risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, a nonobligate precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma, is not well understood. In this secondary analysis, we examined this association in the Women's Health Initiative CaD trial over approximately 20 years of follow-up. A total of 36 282 cancer-free postmenopausal women (50-79 years) were randomly assigned to daily (d) calcium (1000 mg) plus vitamin D (400 IU) supplementation or to a placebo. Personal supplementation with vitamin D (≤600 IU/d, subsequently raised to 1000 IU/d) and calcium (≤1000 mg/d) was allowed. The intervention phase (median = 7.1 years), was followed by a postintervention phase (additional 13.8 years), which included 86.0% of the surviving women. A total of 595 incident DCIS cases were ascertained. Hazard ratios (HRs) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The intervention group had a lower risk of DCIS throughout follow-up (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96) and during the postintervention phase (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.94). The group that used CaD personal supplements in combination with the trial intervention had a lower risk of DCIS compared with the trial placebo group that did not use personal supplementation (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.91). CaD supplementation in postmenopausal women was associated with reduced risk of DCIS, raising the possibility that consistent use of these supplements might provide long-term benefits for the prevention of DCIS.
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- 2021
12. The association of the healthy eating index with risk of colorectal cancers (overall and by subsite) among Canadians
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Arthur, Rhonda S., Kirsh, Victoria A., and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2023
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13. Endogenous sex steroid hormones and risk of liver cancer among US men: Results from the Liver Cancer Pooling Project
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Wu, Zeni, Petrick, Jessica L., Florio, Andrea A., Guillemette, Chantal, Beane Freeman, Laura E., Buring, Julie E., Bradwin, Gary, Caron, Patrick, Chen, Yu, Eliassen, A. Heather, Engel, Lawrence S., Freedman, Neal D., Gaziano, J. Michael, Giovannuci, Edward L., Hofmann, Jonathan N., Huang, Wen-Yi, Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koshiol, Jill, Lee, I-Min, Liao, Linda M., Newton, Christina C., Palmer, Julie R., Purdue, Mark P., Rohan, Thomas E., Rosenberg, Lynn, Sesso, Howard D., Sinha, Rashmi, Stampfer, Meir J., Um, Caroline Y., Van Den Eeden, Stephen K., Visvanathan, Kala, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zhang, Xuehong, Graubard, Barry I., Campbell, Peter T., and McGlynn, Katherine A.
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- 2023
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14. Correction to: Healthy lifestyle index and risk of pancreatic cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative
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Peila, Rita, Coday, Mace, Crane, Tracy E., Saquib, Nazmus, Shadyab, Aladdin H., Tabung, Fred K., Zhang, Xiaochen, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2023
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15. Associations between reproductive factors and biliary tract cancers in women from the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project
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Jackson, Sarah S, Adami, Hans-Olov, Andreotti, Gabriella, Beane-Freeman, Laura E, de González, Amy Berrington, Buring, Julie E, Fraser, Gary E, Freedman, Neal D, Gapstur, Susan M, Gierach, Gretchen, Giles, Graham G, Grodstein, Francine, Hartge, Patricia, Jenab, Mazda, Kirsh, Victoria, Knutsen, Synnove F, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Susanna C, Lee, I-Min, Lee, Mei-Hsuan, Liao, Linda M, Milne, Roger L, Monroe, Kristine R, Neuhouser, Marian L, O'Brien, Katie M, Petrick, Jessica L, Purdue, Mark P, Rohan, Thomas E, Sandin, Sven, Sandler, Dale P, Sawada, Norie, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Simon, Tracey G, Sinha, Rashmi, Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Yang, Hwai-I, Zheng, Wei, McGlynn, Katherine A, Campbell, Peter T, and Koshiol, Jill
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Aging ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Digestive Diseases ,Cancer ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Adult ,Aged ,Biliary Tract Neoplasms ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Global Health ,Humans ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Registries ,Reproduction ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Sex Factors ,Survival Rate ,Time Factors ,Young Adult ,Reproductive factors ,Parity ,Biliary tract cancer ,Gallbladder cancer ,Public Health and Health Services ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Background & aimsGallbladder cancer (GBC) is known to have a female predominance while other biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have a male predominance. However, the role of female reproductive factors in BTC etiology remains unclear.MethodsWe pooled data from 19 studies of >1.5 million women participating in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project to examine the associations of parity, age at menarche, reproductive years, and age at menopause with BTC. Associations for age at menarche and reproductive years with BTC were analyzed separately for Asian and non-Asian women. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by study.ResultsDuring 21,681,798 person-years of follow-up, 875 cases of GBC, 379 of intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), 450 of extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC), and 261 of ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC) occurred. High parity was associated with risk of GBC (HR ≥5 vs. 0 births 1.72; 95% CI 1.25-2.38). Age at menarche (HR per year increase 1.15; 95% CI 1.06-1.24) was associated with GBC risk in Asian women while reproductive years were associated with GBC risk (HR per 5 years 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.22) in non-Asian women. Later age at menarche was associated with IHBDC (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.09-1.31) and EHBDC (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01-1.22) in Asian women only.ConclusionWe observed an increased risk of GBC with increasing parity. Among Asian women, older age at menarche was associated with increased risk for GBC, IHBDC, and EHBDC, while increasing reproductive years was associated with GBC in non-Asian women. These results suggest that sex hormones have distinct effects on cancers across the biliary tract that vary by geography.Lay summaryOur findings show that the risk of gallbladder cancer is increased among women who have given birth (especially women with 5 or more children). In women from Asian countries, later age at menarche increases the risk of gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic bile duct cancer and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. We did not see this same association in women from Western countries. Age at menopause was not associated with the risk of any biliary tract cancers.
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- 2020
16. Abdominal and gluteofemoral size and risk of liver cancer: The liver cancer pooling project
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Florio, Andrea A, Campbell, Peter T, Zhang, Xuehong, Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte, Anne, Wactawski‐Wende, Jean, Smith‐Warner, Stephanie A, Sinha, Rashmi, Simon, Tracey G, Sesso, Howard D, Schairer, Catherine, Rosenberg, Lynn, Rohan, Thomas E, Robien, Kim, Renehan, Andrew G, Purdue, Mark P, Poynter, Jenny N, Palmer, Julie R, Newton, Christina C, Lu, Yunxia, Linet, Martha S, Liao, Linda M, Lee, I‐Min, Koshiol, Jill, Kitahara, Cari M, Kirsh, Victoria A, Hofmann, Jonathan N, Graubard, Barry I, Giovannucci, Edward, Gaziano, John M, Gapstur, Susan M, Freedman, Neal D, Demuth, Jane, Chong, Dawn Q, Chan, Andrew T, Buring, Julie E, Bradshaw, Patrick T, Freeman, Laura E Beane, McGlynn, Katherine A, and Petrick, Jessica L
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Obesity ,Rare Diseases ,Cancer ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Liver Cancer ,Prevention ,Adiposity ,Adult ,Aged ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,Body Mass Index ,Carcinoma ,Hepatocellular ,Cholangiocarcinoma ,Female ,Humans ,Liver Neoplasms ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Prospective Studies ,Waist Circumference ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ,abdominal obesity ,gluteofemoral obesity ,epidemiology ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Obesity is known to be associated with primary liver cancer (PLC), but the separate effects of excess abdominal and gluteofemoral size are unclear. Thus, we examined the association between waist and hip circumference with risk of PLC overall and by histologic type-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The Liver Cancer Pooling Project is a consortium of prospective cohort studies that include data from 1,167,244 individuals (PLC n = 2,208, HCC n = 1,154, ICC n = 335). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using proportional hazards regression. Waist circumference, per 5 cm increase, was associated with an 11% increased PLC risk (HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.09-1.14), including when adjusted for hip circumference (HR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08-1.17) and also when restricted to individuals in a normal body mass index (BMI) range (18.5 to
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- 2020
17. Exogenous hormone use, reproductive factors and risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma among women: results from cohort studies in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project and the UK Biobank
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Petrick, Jessica L, McMenamin, Úna C, Zhang, Xuehong, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Simon, Tracey G, Sinha, Rashmi, Sesso, Howard D, Schairer, Catherine, Rosenberg, Lynn, Rohan, Thomas E, Robien, Kim, Purdue, Mark P, Poynter, Jenny N, Palmer, Julie R, Lu, Yunxia, Linet, Martha S, Liao, Linda M, Lee, I-Min, Koshiol, Jill, Kitahara, Cari M, Kirsh, Victoria A, Hofmann, Jonathan N, Graubard, Barry I, Giovannucci, Edward, Gaziano, J Michael, Gapstur, Susan M, Freedman, Neal D, Florio, Andrea A, Chong, Dawn Q, Chen, Yu, Chan, Andrew T, Buring, Julie E, Freeman, Laura E Beane, Bea, Jennifer W, Cardwell, Christopher R, Campbell, Peter T, and McGlynn, Katherine A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Liver Disease ,Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Clinical Research ,Digestive Diseases - (Gallbladder) ,Liver Cancer ,Prevention ,Rare Diseases ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Bile Ducts ,Bile Ducts ,Intrahepatic ,Biological Specimen Banks ,Cholangiocarcinoma ,Cohort Studies ,Contraceptives ,Oral ,Hormonal ,Estrogen Receptor alpha ,Estrogen Receptor beta ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neoplastic ,Hormones ,Humans ,Hysterectomy ,Liver Neoplasms ,Menopause ,Middle Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Risk Factors ,United Kingdom ,Public Health and Health Services ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from cholangiocytes in the intrahepatic bile duct and is the second most common type of liver cancer. Cholangiocytes express both oestrogen receptor-α and -β, and oestrogens positively modulate cholangiocyte proliferation. Studies in women and men have reported higher circulating oestradiol is associated with increased ICC risk, further supporting a hormonal aetiology. However, no observational studies have examined the associations between exogenous hormone use and reproductive factors, as proxies of endogenous hormone levels, and risk of ICC.MethodsWe harmonised data from 1,107,498 women who enroled in 12 North American-based cohort studies (in the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, LCPP) and the UK Biobank between 1980-1998 and 2006-2010, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence internals (CI). Then, meta-analytic techniques were used to combine the estimates from the LCPP (n = 180 cases) and the UK Biobank (n = 57 cases).ResultsHysterectomy was associated with a doubling of ICC risk (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.27-3.09), compared to women aged 50-54 at natural menopause. Long-term oral contraceptive use (9+ years) was associated with a 62% increased ICC risk (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03-2.55). There was no association between ICC risk and other exogenous hormone use or reproductive factors.ConclusionsThis study suggests that hysterectomy and long-term oral contraceptive use may be associated with an increased ICC risk.
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- 2020
18. The association between DXA‐derived body fat measures and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative
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Arthur, Rhonda S, Xue, Xiaonan, Kamensky, Victor, Chlebowski, Rowan T, Simon, Michael, Luo, Juhua, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Neuhouser, Marian L, Banack, Hailey, Ho, Gloria YF, Lane, Dorothy S, Pan, Kathy, Reding, Kerryn W, Wassertheil‐Smoller, Sylvia, Dannenberg, Andrew J, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Prevention ,Breast Cancer ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Estrogen ,Cancer ,Aging ,Clinical Research ,Absorptiometry ,Photon ,Adipose Tissue ,Adiposity ,Body Mass Index ,Breast ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Odds Ratio ,Postmenopause ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,United States ,body fat ,breast cancer risk ,postmenopausal women ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundMost studies demonstrating an association between excess adiposity and postmenopausal breast cancer have used anthropometric measures, particularly body mass index (BMI). However, more direct body fat measures may more accurately determine the relationship between body fat distribution and breast cancer risk.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression models were created to examine the associations of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body fat measures (at baseline and during follow-up) with breast cancer risk among 10 931 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative cohort. A total of 639 incident invasive breast cancer cases (including 484 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cases) were ascertained after a median follow-up of 15.0 years.ResultsExcess whole body fat mass and trunk fat mass were positively associated with risk invasive breast cancer risk. These associations persisted even after additional adjustment for standard anthropometric measures. In time-dependent analyses, we observed that both whole body fat mass and trunk fat mass, in the highest versus lowest category, were associated with a doubling of risk of invasive breast cancer overall (HR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.54-3.05 and 2.20; 1.55-3.14, respectively) and of ER+ breast cancer (2.05; 1.37-3.05 and 2.03; 1.34-3.07, respectively). The remaining DXA measures were also positively associated with breast cancer risk in baseline and time-dependent analyses.ConclusionThese findings suggest that DXA-derived body fat measures are positively associated with breast cancer risk after adjustment for BMI and other conventional breast cancer risk factors.
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- 2020
19. Circulating estrogens and postmenopausal ovarian and endometrial cancer risk among current hormone users in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
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Trabert, Britton, Coburn, Sally B, Falk, Roni T, Manson, JoAnn E, Brinton, Louise A, Gass, Margery L, Kuller, Lewis H, Rohan, Thomas E, Pfeiffer, Ruth M, Qi, Lihong, Stefanick, Marcia L, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Anderson, Garnet L, and Xu, Xia
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Reproductive Medicine ,Aging ,Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Estrogen ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Ovarian Cancer ,Uterine Cancer ,Aged ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Estradiol ,Estrogens ,Female ,Hormone Replacement Therapy ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Postmenopause ,Risk ,Endogenous estrogens ,Estrogen metabolites ,Ovarian cancer ,Endometrial cancer ,Nested case-control study ,Current hormone therapy users ,Nested case–control study ,Public Health and Health Services ,Epidemiology ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
PurposeMenopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use induces alterations in circulating estrogens/estrogen metabolites, which may contribute to the altered risk of reproductive tract cancers among current users. Thus, the current study assessed associations between circulating estrogens/estrogen metabolites and ovarian and endometrial cancer risk among MHT users.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study among postmenopausal women using MHT at baseline in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (179 ovarian cancers, 396 controls; 230 endometrial cancers, 253 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals overall and by subtype.ResultsEstrogen/estrogen metabolite levels were not associated with overall or serous ovarian cancer risk, examined separately. However, unconjugated estradiol was positively associated with non-serous ovarian cancer risk [quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: 3.01 (1.17-7.73); p-trend = 0.03; p-het
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- 2019
20. Breast cancer incidence and mortality by metabolic syndrome and obesity: The Women’s Health Initiative
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Chlebowski, Rowan T., primary, Aragaki, Aaron K., additional, Pan, Kathy, additional, Simon, Michael S., additional, Neuhouser, Marian L., additional, Haque, Reina, additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Wactawski‐Wende, Jean, additional, Orchard, Tonya S., additional, Mortimer, Joanne E., additional, Lane, Dorothy, additional, Kaunitz, Andrew M., additional, Desai, Pinkal, additional, Wild, Robert A., additional, Barac, Ana, additional, and Manson, JoAnn E., additional
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- 2024
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21. Association between regional body fat and cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal women with normal body mass index
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Chen, Guo-Chong, Arthur, Rhonda, Iyengar, Neil M, Kamensky, Victor, Xue, Xiaonan, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Allison, Matthew A, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Wild, Robert A, Sun, Yangbo, Banack, Hailey R, Chai, Jin Choul, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Manson, JoAnn E, Stefanick, Marcia L, Dannenberg, Andrew J, Rohan, Thomas E, and Qi, Qibin
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Nutrition ,Brain Disorders ,Prevention ,Cardiovascular ,Obesity ,Aging ,Clinical Research ,Heart Disease ,Stroke ,Aged ,Body Fat Distribution ,Body Mass Index ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Body fat ,Normal-weight obesity ,Metabolically unhealthy normal weight ,Postmenopausal ,Cardiovascular disease ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology - Abstract
AIMS:Central adiposity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, even among people with normal body mass index (BMI). We tested the hypothesis that regional body fat deposits (trunk or leg fat) are associated with altered risk of CVD among postmenopausal women with normal BMI. METHODS AND RESULTS:We included 2683 postmenopausal women with normal BMI (18.5 to
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- 2019
22. Metabolic syndrome and risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women: a prospective study
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Arthur, Rhonda S, Kabat, Geoffrey C, Kim, Mimi Y, Wild, Robert A, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Ho, Gloria YF, Reeves, Katherine W, Kuller, Lewis H, Luo, Juhua, Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer, Simon, Michael S, Strickler, Howard, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Epidemiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Obesity ,Uterine Cancer ,Aging ,Nutrition ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Aged ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Dyslipidemias ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Female ,Humans ,Hypertension ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Waist Circumference ,Metabolic syndrome ,Abdominal adiposity ,Endometrial cancer ,Postmenopausal women ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Public Health and Health Services ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundObesity is a strong risk factor for endometrial cancer, but it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) contributes to endometrial cancer risk over and above the contribution of obesity.MethodsWe examined the association of MetS and its components with risk of endometrial cancer in a sub-cohort of 24,210 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative cohort study. Two variants of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition of the MetS were used: one including and one excluding waist circumference (WC). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of the study exposures with disease risk.ResultsWhen WC was included in the definition, MetS showed an approximately two-fold increase in endometrial cancer risk (HR 2.20; 95% CI 1.61-3.02); however, when WC was excluded, MetS was no longer associated with risk. We also observed that women with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension, in combination, had almost a twofold increased risk of endometrial cancer, independent of WC (HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.09, 3.46). Glucose, and, in particular, WC and body mass index were also positively associated with risk.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MetS may predict risk of endometrial cancer independent of obesity among women with the remaining four Mets components.
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- 2019
23. Associations of a Healthy Lifestyle Index With the Risks of Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Among Women in the Women's Health Initiative Study.
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Arthur, Rhonda, Brasky, Theodore M, Crane, Tracy E, Felix, Ashley S, Kaunitz, Andrew M, Shadyab, Aladdin H, Qi, Lihong, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Uterine Cancer ,Ovarian Cancer ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Alcohol Drinking ,Body Mass Index ,Cigarette Smoking ,Diet ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,Exercise ,Female ,Health Behavior ,Healthy Lifestyle ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Women's Health ,alcohol intake ,BMI ,diet score ,endometrial cancer ,healthy lifestyle index score ,ovarian cancer ,physical activity ,smoking ,Mathematical Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Lifestyle-related factors influence risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers, but few studies have examined their joint associations with risk of these cancers. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we assessed the association of a healthy lifestyle index (HLI-a composite score (range, 0-20) involving diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and smoking; higher scores represent healthier behavior) with risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers among 108,136 postmenopausal women who were recruited in the US Women's Health Initiative study between 1993 and 1998. After a median follow-up of 17.9 years, 1,435 endometrial cancer cases and 904 ovarian cancer cases had been ascertained. Women in the highest quintile of the HLI score had a lower risk of overall, type I, well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, and localized endometrial cancer than those in the lowest quintile (for quintile 5 vs. quintile 1, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.72), HR = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.72), HR = 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.96), HR = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.90), HR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.72), and HR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.74), respectively). The HLI score had a weak positive association with risk of serous ovarian cancer. Our findings underscore the potential importance of a healthy lifestyle in lowering endometrial cancer risk among postmenopausal women.
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- 2019
24. Overall and central obesity and prostate cancer risk in African men
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Agalliu, Ilir, Lin, Wei-Kaung Jerry, Zhang, Janice S., Jacobson, Judith S., Rohan, Thomas E., Adusei, Ben, Snyper, Nana Yaa F., Andrews, Caroline, Sidahmed, Elkhansa, Mensah, James E., Biritwum, Richard, Adjei, Andrew A., Okyne, Victoria, Ainuson-Quampah, Joana, Fernandez, Pedro, Irusen, Hayley, Odiaka, Emeka, Folasire, Oluyemisi Folake, Ifeoluwa, Makinde Gabriel, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen I., Nwegbu, Maxwell Madueke, Pentz, Audrey, Chen, Wenlong Carl, Joffe, Maureen, Neugut, Alfred I., Diallo, Thierno Amadou, Jalloh, Mohamed, Rebbeck, Timothy R., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, and Hsing, Ann W.
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- 2022
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25. Testing the generalizability of ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores to predict prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa
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Kim, Michelle S., Naidoo, Daphne, Hazra, Ujani, Quiver, Melanie H., Chen, Wenlong C., Simonti, Corinne N., Kachambwa, Paidamoyo, Harlemon, Maxine, Agalliu, Ilir, Baichoo, Shakuntala, Fernandez, Pedro, Hsing, Ann W., Jalloh, Mohamed, Gueye, Serigne M., Niang, Lamine, Diop, Halimatou, Ndoye, Medina, Snyper, Nana Yaa, Adusei, Ben, Mensah, James E., Abrahams, Afua O. D., Biritwum, Richard, Adjei, Andrew A., Adebiyi, Akindele O., Shittu, Olayiwola, Ogunbiyi, Olufemi, Adebayo, Sikiru, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen I., Nwegbu, Maxwell M., Ajibola, Hafees O., Oluwole, Olabode P., Jamda, Mustapha A., Singh, Elvira, Pentz, Audrey, Joffe, Maureen, Darst, Burcu F., Conti, David V., Haiman, Christopher A., Spies, Petrus V., van der Merwe, André, Rohan, Thomas E., Jacobson, Judith, Neugut, Alfred I., McBride, Jo, Andrews, Caroline, Petersen, Lindsay N., Rebbeck, Timothy R., and Lachance, Joseph
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- 2022
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26. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Global Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes.
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Zhu, Zhengbao, Jia, Yiming, Li, Fu-Rong, Li, Yang, Chen, Li-Hua, Yang, Huan-Huan, Guo, Daoxia, Sun, Lulu, Shi, Mengyao, Wang, Tao, Rohan, Thomas E, Qi, Qibin, Qin, Li-Qiang, Zhang, Yonghong, and Chen, Guo-Chong
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- 2024
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27. Genetic Subtypes of Prediabetes, Healthy Lifestyle, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
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Li, Yang, Chen, Guo-Chong, Moon, Jee-Young, Arthur, Rhonda, Sotres-Alvarez, Daniela, Daviglus, Martha L., Pirzada, Amber, Mattei, Josiemer, Perreira, Krista M., Rotter, Jerome I., Taylor, Kent D., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Wang, Tao, Rohan, Thomas E., Kaufman, Joel D., Kaplan, Robert, and Qi, Qibin
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,PREDIABETIC state ,DISEASE risk factors ,HEALTH of Hispanic Americans - Abstract
Prediabetes is a heterogenous metabolic state with various risks for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we used genetic data on 7,227 US Hispanic/Latino participants without diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and 400,149 non-Hispanic White participants without diabetes from the UK Biobank (UKBB) to calculate five partitioned polygenetic risk scores (pPRSs) representing various pathways related to T2D. Consensus clustering was performed in participants with prediabetes in HCHS/SOL (n = 3,677) and UKBB (n = 16,284) separately based on these pPRSs. Six clusters of individuals with prediabetes with distinctive patterns of pPRSs and corresponding metabolic traits were identified in the HCHS/SOL, five of which were confirmed in the UKBB. Although baseline glycemic traits were similar across clusters, individuals in cluster 5 and cluster 6 showed an elevated risk of T2D during follow-up compared with cluster 1 (risk ratios [RRs] 1.29 [95% CI 1.08, 1.53] and 1.34 [1.13, 1.60], respectively). Inverse associations between a healthy lifestyle score and risk of T2D were observed across different clusters, with a suggestively stronger association observed in cluster 5 compared with cluster 1. Among individuals with a healthy lifestyle, those in cluster 5 had a similar risk of T2D compared with those in cluster 1 (RR 1.03 [0.91, 1.18]). This study identified genetic subtypes of prediabetes that differed in risk of progression to T2D and in benefits from a healthy lifestyle. Article Highlights: Individuals with prediabetes differ in risk of progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aims to cluster individuals with prediabetes based on five partitioned polygenetic risk scores and to examine risk of T2D across clusters. Six subtypes of prediabetes were identified with distinctive patterns of genetic scores and corresponding metabolic traits, and two subtypes showed relatively high risk of T2D. This study provides insights into the use of genetic information to further stratify disease risk for early prevention and intervention among people with high T2D risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Metabolic obesity phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women
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Kabat, Geoffrey C, Kim, Mimi Y, Stefanick, Marcia, Ho, Gloria YF, Lane, Dorothy S, Odegaard, Andrew O, Simon, Michael S, Bea, Jennifer W, Luo, Juhua, Wassertheil‐Smoller, Sylvia, and Rohan, Thomas E
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Nutrition ,Obesity ,Prevention ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,Diabetes ,Aging ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Cardiovascular ,Aged ,Biomarkers ,Body Mass Index ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Insulin Resistance ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Odds Ratio ,Phenotype ,Population Surveillance ,Postmenopause ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,body mass index ,waist circumference ,metabolic status ,HOMA-IR ,colorectal cancer risk ,postmenopausal women ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Obesity has been postulated to increase the risk of colorectal cancer by mechanisms involving insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, the metabolic syndrome, metabolic obesity phenotypes and homeostasis model-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR-a marker of insulin resistance) with risk of colorectal cancer in over 21,000 women in the Women's Health Initiative CVD Biomarkers subcohort. Women were cross-classified by BMI (18.5-
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- 2018
29. Table S3 from Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in the UK Biobank
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Peila, Rita, primary and Rohan, Thomas E., primary
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- 2024
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30. Data from Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in the UK Biobank
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Peila, Rita, primary and Rohan, Thomas E., primary
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- 2024
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31. Uncovering the genetic architecture and evolutionary roots of androgenetic alopecia in African men
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Janivara, Rohini, primary, Hazra, Ujani, additional, Pfennig, Aaron, additional, Harlemon, Maxine, additional, Kim, Michelle S., additional, Eaaswarkhanth, Muthukrishnan, additional, Chen, Wenlong C., additional, Ogunbiyi, Adebola, additional, Kachambwa, Paidamoyo, additional, Petersen, Lindsay N., additional, Jalloh, Mohamed, additional, Mensah, James E., additional, Adjei, Andrew A., additional, Adusei, Ben, additional, Joffe, Maureen, additional, Gueye, Serigne M., additional, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen I., additional, Fernandez, Pedro W., additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Andrews, Caroline, additional, Rebbeck, Timothy R., additional, Adebiyi, Akindele O., additional, Agalliu, Ilir, additional, and Lachance, Joseph, additional
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- 2024
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32. Supplementary Table 1 from The Breast Microbiome in Breast Cancer Risk and Progression: A Narrative Review
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Peters, Brandilyn A., primary, Kelly, Libusha, primary, Wang, Tao, primary, Loudig, Olivier, primary, and Rohan, Thomas E., primary
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- 2024
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33. Data from The Breast Microbiome in Breast Cancer Risk and Progression: A Narrative Review
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Peters, Brandilyn A., primary, Kelly, Libusha, primary, Wang, Tao, primary, Loudig, Olivier, primary, and Rohan, Thomas E., primary
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- 2024
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34. Low-fat dietary pattern and breast cancer mortality by metabolic syndrome components: a secondary analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomised trial
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Pan, Kathy, Aragaki, Aaron K., Neuhouser, Marian L., Simon, Michael S., Luo, Juhua, Caan, Bette, Snetselaar, Linda, Mortimer, Joanne E., Manson, JoAnn E., Kroenke, Candyce, Lane, Dorothy, Reding, Kerryn, Rohan, Thomas E., and Chlebowski, Rowan T.
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- 2021
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35. Sugar-containing beverages and their association with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers among Canadian women
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Arthur, Rhonda S., Kirsh, Victoria A., Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Xue, Xiaonan, and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2021
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36. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Breast Cancer Mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial
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Chlebowski, Rowan T, Aragaki, Aaron K, Anderson, Garnet L, Thomson, Cynthia A, Manson, JoAnn E, Simon, Michael S, Howard, Barbara V, Rohan, Thomas E, Snetselar, Linda, Lane, Dorothy, Barrington, Wendy, Vitolins, Mara Z, Womack, Catherine, Qi, Lihong, Hou, Lifang, Thomas, Fridtjof, and Prentice, Ross L
- Subjects
Breast Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Cancer ,Complementary and Integrative Health ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Aging ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Breast Neoplasms ,Diet ,Fat-Restricted ,Female ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,United States ,Women's Health ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Purpose Earlier Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial findings suggested that a low-fat eating pattern may reduce breast cancers with greater mortality. Therefore, as a primary outcome-related analysis from a randomized prevention trial, we examined the long-term influence of this intervention on deaths as a result of and after breast cancer during 8.5 years (median) of dietary intervention and cumulatively for all breast cancers diagnosed during 16.1 years (median) of follow-up. Patients and Methods The trial randomly assigned 48,835 postmenopausal women with normal mammograms and without prior breast cancer from 1993 to 1998 at 40 US clinical centers to a dietary intervention with goals of a reduction of fat intake to 20% of energy and an increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains (40%; n = 19,541) or to a usual diet comparison (60%; n = 29,294). Results In the dietary group, fat intake and body weight decreased (all P < .001). During the 8.5-year dietary intervention, with 1,764 incident breast cancers, fewer deaths occurred as a result of breast cancer in the dietary group, which was not statistically significant (27 deaths [0.016% per year] v 61 deaths [0.024% per year]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.06; P = .08). During the same period, deaths after breast cancer (n = 134) were significantly reduced (40 deaths [0.025% per year] v 94 deaths [0.038% per year]; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94; P = .02) by the dietary intervention. During the 16.1-year follow-up, with 3,030 incident breast cancers, deaths after breast cancer also were significantly reduced (234 deaths [0.085% per year] v 443 deaths [0.11% per year]; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.96; P = .01) in the dietary group. Conclusion Compared with a usual diet comparison group, a low-fat dietary pattern led to a lower incidence of deaths after breast cancer.
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- 2017
37. The Association of the C-Reactive Protein Inflammatory Biomarker with Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative
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Nelson, Sandahl H, Brasky, Theodore M, Patterson, Ruth E, Laughlin, Gail A, Kritz-Silverstein, Donna, Edwards, Beatrice J, Lane, Dorothy, Rohan, Thomas E, Ho, Gloria YF, Manson, JoAnn E, and LaCroix, Andrea Z
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Cancer ,Prevention ,Aging ,Breast Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Biomarkers ,Tumor ,Body Mass Index ,Breast Neoplasms ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cancer Survivors ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Women's Health ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Purpose: To examine associations of prediagnosis high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with breast cancer incidence and postdiagnosis survival and to assess whether associations are modified by body mass index (BMI).Methods: A prospective analysis of the Women's Health Initiative was conducted among 17,841 cancer-free postmenopausal women with baseline hsCRP measurements. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between hsCRP concentrations and (i) breast cancer risk (n cases = 1,114) and (ii) all-cause mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. HRs are per 1 SD in log hsCRP.Results: hsCRP was not associated with breast cancer risk overall [HR = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.12]; however, an interaction between BMI and hsCRP was observed (Pinteraction = 0.02). A 1 SD increase in log hsCRP was associated with 17% increased breast cancer risk (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.33) among lean women (BMI < 25), whereas no association was observed among overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25) women. Prediagnosis hsCRP was not associated with overall mortality (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.21) after breast cancer diagnosis; however, an increased mortality risk was apparent among leaner women with higher hsCRP levels (HR, 1.39, 95% CI, 1.03-1.88).Conclusions: Prediagnosis hsCRP levels are not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence or survival overall; however, increased risks are suggested among leaner women. The observed effect modification is in the opposite direction of a previous case-control study finding and warrants further investigation.Impact: Associations of higher CRP levels with incident breast cancer and survival after breast cancer may depend on BMI. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1100-6. ©2017 AACR.
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- 2017
38. The association of body fat composition with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancers among normal weight participants in the UK Biobank
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Arthur, Rhonda S., Dannenberg, Andrew J., Kim, Mimi, and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2021
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39. Sex hormones, SHBG and risk of colon and rectal cancer among men and women in the UK Biobank
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Peila, Rita, Arthur, Rhonda S., and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2020
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40. Body size and weight change over adulthood and risk of breast cancer by menopausal and hormone receptor status: a pooled analysis of 20 prospective cohort studies
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van den Brandt, Piet A., Ziegler, Regina G., Wang, Molin, Hou, Tao, Li, Ruifeng, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Bernstein, Leslie, Buring, Julie E., Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Eliassen, A. Heather, Genkinger, Jeanine M., Gierach, Gretchen, Giles, Graham G., Goodman, Gary G., Håkansson, Niclas, Krogh, Vittorio, Le Marchand, Loic, Lee, I-Min, Liao, Linda M., Martinez, M. Elena, Miller, Anthony B., Milne, Roger L., Neuhouser, Marian L., Patel, Alpa V., Prizment, Anna, Robien, Kim, Rohan, Thomas E., Sawada, Norie, Schouten, Leo J., Sinha, Rashmi, Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z., Teras, Lauren R., Tsugane, Shoichiro, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, White, Kami K., Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, and Smith-Warner, Stephanie A.
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- 2021
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41. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Luo, Juhua, Hendryx, Michael, Rohan, Thomas E., Saquib, Nazmus, Shadyab, Aladdin H., Su, Le, Hosgood, Dean, Schnatz, Peter F., Qi, Lihong, and Anderson, Garnet L.
- Abstract
Hysterectomy is associated with an increased risk for adverse health outcomes. However, its connection to the risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) remains unclear. The aims of our study were to investigate the associations between hysterectomy, oophorectomy and risk of NHL and its major subtypes (eg, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma [DLBCL]), and whether these associations were modified by exogenous hormone use. Postmenopausal women (n = 141,621) aged 50–79 years at enrollment (1993–1998) from the Women's Health Initiative were followed for an average of 17.2 years. Hysterectomy and oophorectomy were self‐reported at baseline. Incident NHL cases were confirmed by central review of medical records and pathology reports. During the follow‐up period, a total of 1719 women were diagnosed with NHL. Hysterectomy, regardless of oophorectomy status, was associated with an increased risk of NHL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.44). Oophorectomy was not independently associated with NHL risk after adjusting for hysterectomy. When stratified by hormone use, the association between hysterectomy and NHL risk was confined to women who had never used hormone therapy (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06–1.71), especially for DLBCL subtype (P for interaction =.01), and to those who had undergone hysterectomy before the age of 55. Our large prospective study showed that hysterectomy was a risk factor of NHL. Findings varied by hormone use. Future studies incorporating detailed information on the types and indications of hysterectomy may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying DLBCL development and its potential interactions with hormone use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Long-Term Effect of Randomization to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Health in Older Women: Postintervention Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
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Thomson, Cynthia A., Aragaki, Aaron K., Prentice, Ross L., Stefanick, Marcia L., Manson, JoAnn E., Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Watts, Nelson B., Van Horn, Linda, Shikany, James M., Rohan, Thomas E., Lane, Dorothy S., Wild, Robert A., Robles-Morales, Rogelio, Shadyab, Aladdin H., Saquib, Nazmus, and Cauley, Jane
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DIETARY supplements ,VITAMIN D ,OLDER women ,WOMEN'S health ,CHOLECALCIFEROL - Abstract
Although calcium and vitamin D supplementation may affect chronic disease in older women, evidence of long-term effects on health outcomes is limited. This post hoc analysis examines long-term postintervention outcomes with more than 20 years of follow-up of a 7-year randomized intervention trial of calcium and vitamin D. Visual Abstract. Long-Term Effect of Randomization to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Health in Older Women: Although calcium and vitamin D supplementation may affect chronic disease in older women, evidence of long-term effects on health outcomes is limited. This post hoc analysis examines long-term postintervention outcomes with more than 20 years of follow-up of a 7-year randomized intervention trial of calcium and vitamin D. Background: Although calcium and vitamin D (CaD) supplementation may affect chronic disease in older women, evidence of long-term effects on health outcomes is limited. Objective: To evaluate long-term health outcomes among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative CaD trial. Design: Post hoc analysis of long-term postintervention follow-up of the 7-year randomized intervention trial of CaD. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00000611) Setting: A multicenter (n = 40) trial across the United States. Participants: 36 282 postmenopausal women with no history of breast or colorectal cancer. Intervention: Random 1:1 assignment to 1000 mg of calcium carbonate (400 mg of elemental calcium) with 400 IU of vitamin D 3 daily or placebo. Measurements: Incidence of colorectal, invasive breast, and total cancer; disease-specific and all-cause mortality; total cardiovascular disease (CVD); and hip fracture by randomization assignment (through December 2020). Analyses were stratified on personal supplement use. Results: For women randomly assigned to CaD versus placebo, a 7% reduction in cancer mortality was observed after a median cumulative follow-up of 22.3 years (1817 vs. 1943 deaths; hazard ratio [HR], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99]), along with a 6% increase in CVD mortality (2621 vs. 2420 deaths; HR, 1.06 [CI, 1.01 to 1.12]). There was no overall effect on other measures, including all-cause mortality (7834 vs. 7748 deaths; HR, 1.00 [CI, 0.97 to 1.03]). Estimates for cancer incidence varied widely when stratified by whether participants reported supplement use before randomization, whereas estimates on mortality did not vary, except for CVD mortality. Limitation: Hip fracture and CVD outcomes were available on only a subset of participants, and effects of calcium versus vitamin D versus joint supplementation could not be disentangled. Conclusion: Calcium and vitamin D supplements seemed to reduce cancer mortality and increase CVD mortality after more than 20 years of follow-up among postmenopausal women, with no effect on all-cause mortality. Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
43. Circulating levels of biomarkers and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK Biobank study.
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Peila, Rita and Rohan, Thomas E.
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DUCTAL carcinoma ,CARCINOMA in situ ,LDL cholesterol ,HDL cholesterol ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Observational studies have shown associations between circulating levels of various biomarkers (eg, total cholesterol [TC], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL], insulin‐like growth factor‐1 [IGF‐1], C‐reactive protein [CRP] and glycated hemoglobin‐1c [HbA1c]) and the risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) is a nonobligate precursor of IBC and shares several risk factors with it. However, the relationship between these biomarkers and DCIS risk remains unexplored. We studied the association between circulating levels of TC, LDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), Lipoprotein (a) (Lp‐(a)), IGF‐1, CRP and HbA1c, with the risk of DCIS in 156801women aged 40 to 69 years and breast cancer‐free at enrolment when blood samples and information on demographic and health‐related factors were collected. Incident cases of DCIS were ascertained during the follow‐up via linkage to the UK cancer registries Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest. In all, 969 DCIS incident cases were diagnosed during 11.4 years of follow‐up. Total cholesterol was inversely associated with the risk of DCIS (HRquintile(Q)5vsQ1 = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.82, Ptrend =.008). Conversely, LDL‐C was positively associated with DCIS risk (HRQ3vsQ1 = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01‐2.04, HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04‐2.47, HRQ5vsQ1 = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.36‐3.88, Ptrend =.004). In postmenopausal women, CRP had a weak positive association with DCIS risk, while HbA1c showed a nonlinear association with the risk. These results, in conjunction with those from previous studies on IBC, provide support for the association of several biomarkers with the risk of an early stage of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Risk factors for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK Biobank cohort study
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Peila, Rita, Arthur, Rhonda, and Rohan, Thomas E.
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- 2020
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45. Relationship of prediagnostic body mass index with survival after colorectal cancer: Stage‐specific associations
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Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Chan, Andrew T, Slattery, Martha L, Potter, John D, Meyerhardt, Jeffrey, Phipps, Amanda, Nan, Hongmei, Harrison, Tabitha, Rohan, Thomas E, Qi, Lihong, Hou, Lifang, Caan, Bette, Kroenke, Candyce H, Strickler, Howard, Hayes, Richard B, Schoen, Robert E, Chong, Dawn Q, White, Emily, Berndt, Sonja I, Peters, Ulrike, and Newcomb, Polly A
- Subjects
Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Nutrition ,Digestive Diseases ,Cancer ,Prevention ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Body Mass Index ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Obesity ,Overweight ,Population Surveillance ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Risk Factors ,Survival Rate ,body mass index ,cancer stage ,colorectal cancer ,mortality ,survival ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Higher body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but is inconsistently associated with CRC survival. In 6 prospective studies participating in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO), 2,249 non-Hispanic white CRC cases were followed for a median 4.5 years after diagnosis, during which 777 died, 554 from CRC-related causes. Associations between prediagnosis BMI and survival (overall and CRC-specific) were evaluated using Cox regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, study and smoking status (current/former/never). The association between BMI category and CRC survival varied by cancer stage at diagnosis (I-IV) for both all-cause (p-interaction = 0.03) and CRC-specific mortality (p-interaction = 0.04). Compared to normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9) was associated with increased mortality among those with Stage I disease, and decreased mortality among those with Stages II-IV disease. Similarly, obesity (BMI ≥30) was associated with increased mortality among those with Stages I-II disease, and decreased mortality among those with Stages III-IV disease. These results suggest the relationship between BMI and survival after CRC diagnosis differs by stage at diagnosis, and may emphasize the importance of adequate metabolic reserves for colorectal cancer survival in patients with late-stage disease.
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- 2016
46. Duration of Adulthood Overweight, Obesity, and Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative: A Longitudinal Study from the United States.
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Arnold, Melina, Jiang, Luohua, Stefanick, Marcia L, Johnson, Karen C, Lane, Dorothy S, LeBlanc, Erin S, Prentice, Ross, Rohan, Thomas E, Snively, Beverly M, Vitolins, Mara, Zaslavsky, Oleg, Soerjomataram, Isabelle, and Anton-Culver, Hoda
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Humans ,Neoplasms ,Obesity ,Body Mass Index ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Risk Factors ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Pregnancy ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Female ,Overweight ,Young Adult ,Breast Cancer ,Cancer ,Nutrition ,Aging ,Clinical Research ,Patient Safety ,Prevention ,Stroke ,Metabolic and Endocrine ,General & Internal Medicine ,Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) has become the leading risk factor of disease burden in high-income countries. While recent studies have suggested that the risk of cancer related to obesity is mediated by time, insights into the dose-response relationship and the cumulative impact of overweight and obesity during the life course on cancer risk remain scarce. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the impact of adulthood overweight and obesity duration on the risk of cancer in a large cohort of postmenopausal women.Methods and findingsParticipants from the observational study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) with BMI information from at least three occasions during follow-up, free of cancer at baseline, and with complete covariate information were included (n = 73,913). Trajectories of BMI across ages were estimated using a quadratic growth model; overweight duration (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), obesity duration (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and weighted cumulative overweight and obese years, which take into account the degree of overweight and obesity over time (a measure similar to pack-years of cigarette smoking), were calculated using predicted BMIs. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to determine the cancer risk associated with overweight and obesity duration. In secondary analyses, the influence of important effect modifiers and confounders, such as smoking status, postmenopausal hormone use, and ethnicity, was assessed. A longer duration of overweight was significantly associated with the incidence of all obesity-related cancers (hazard ratio [HR] per 10-y increment: 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.09). For postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer, every 10-y increase in adulthood overweight duration was associated with a 5% and 17% increase in risk, respectively. On adjusting for intensity of overweight, these figures rose to 8% and 37%, respectively. Risks of postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer related to overweight duration were much more pronounced in women who never used postmenopausal hormones. This study has limitations because some of the anthropometric information was obtained from retrospective self-reports. Furthermore, data from longitudinal studies with long-term follow-up and repeated anthropometric measures are typically subject to missing data at various time points, which was also the case in this study. Yet, this limitation was partially overcome by using growth curve models, which enabled us to impute data at missing time points for each participant.ConclusionsIn summary, this study showed that a longer duration of overweight and obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing several forms of cancer. Furthermore, the degree of overweight experienced during adulthood seemed to play an important role in the risk of developing cancer, especially for endometrial cancer. Although the observational nature of our study precludes inferring causality or making clinical recommendations, our findings suggest that reducing overweight duration in adulthood could reduce cancer risk and that obesity prevention is important from early onset. If this is true, health care teams should recognize the potential of obesity management in cancer prevention and that excess body weight in women is important to manage regardless of the age of the patient.
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- 2016
47. Performance of the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool Among Women Aged 75 Years and Older
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Schonberg, Mara A, Li, Vicky W, Eliassen, A Heather, Davis, Roger B, LaCroix, Andrea Z, McCarthy, Ellen P, Rosner, Bernard A, Chlebowski, Rowan T, Rohan, Thomas E, Hankinson, Susan E, Marcantonio, Edward R, and Ngo, Long H
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Prevention ,Aging ,Breast Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Human Genome ,Genetics ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Breast Neoplasms ,Cause of Death ,Early Detection of Cancer ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Incidence ,Mammography ,Mass Screening ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Statistical ,Odds Ratio ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,United States ,Whites ,Women's Health ,White People ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
BackgroundThe Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT, "Gail model") is commonly used for breast cancer prediction; however, it has not been validated for women age 75 years and older.MethodsWe used Nurses' Health Study (NHS) data beginning in 2004 and Women's Health Initiative (WHI) data beginning in 2005 to compare BCRAT's performance among women age 75 years and older with that in women age 55 to 74 years in predicting five-year breast cancer incidence. BCRAT risk factors include: age, race/ethnicity, age at menarche, age at first birth, family history, history of benign breast biopsy, and atypia. We examined BCRAT's calibration by age by comparing expected/observed (E/O) ratios of breast cancer incidence. We examined discrimination by computing c-statistics for the model by age. All statistical tests were two-sided.ResultsSeventy-three thousand seventy-two NHS and 97 081 WHI women participated. NHS participants were more likely to be non-Hispanic white (96.2% vs 84.7% in WHI, P < .001) and were less likely to develop breast cancer (1.8% vs 2.0%, P = .02). E/O ratios by age in NHS were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.23, age 57-74 years) and 1.31 (95% CI = 1.18 to 1.45, age ≥ 75 years, P = .02), and in WHI 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97 to 1.09, age 55-74 years) and 1.10 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.21, age ≥ 75 years, P = .21). E/O ratio 95% confidence intervals crossed one among women age 75 years and older when samples were limited to women who underwent mammography and were without significant illness. C-statistics ranged between 0.56 and 0.58 in both cohorts regardless of age.ConclusionsBCRAT accurately predicted breast cancer for women age 75 years and older who underwent mammography and were without significant illness but had modest discrimination. Models that consider individual competing risks of non-breast cancer death may improve breast cancer risk prediction for older women.
- Published
- 2016
48. Hysterectomy, oophorectomy and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Author
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Luo, Juhua, primary, Hendryx, Michael, additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Saquib, Nazmus, additional, Shadyab, Aladdin H., additional, Su, Le, additional, Hosgood, Dean, additional, Schnatz, Peter F., additional, Qi, Lihong, additional, and Anderson, Garnet L., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. International Pooled Analysis of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Women From 19 Cohorts
- Author
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Timmins, Iain R., primary, Jones, Michael E., additional, O'Brien, Katie M., additional, Adami, Hans-Olov, additional, Aune, Dagfinn, additional, Baglietto, Laura, additional, Bertrand, Kimberly A., additional, Brantley, Kristen D., additional, Chen, Yu, additional, Clague DeHart, Jessica, additional, Clendenen, Tess V., additional, Dossus, Laure, additional, Eliassen, A. Heather, additional, Fletcher, Olivia, additional, Fournier, Agnès, additional, Håkansson, Niclas, additional, Hankinson, Susan E., additional, Houlston, Richard S., additional, Joshu, Corinne E., additional, Kirsh, Victoria A., additional, Kitahara, Cari M., additional, Koh, Woon-Puay, additional, Linet, Martha S., additional, Park, Hannah Lui, additional, Lynch, Brigid M., additional, May, Anne M., additional, Mellemkjær, Lene, additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, Palmer, Julie R., additional, Ricceri, Fulvio, additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Ruddy, Kathryn J., additional, Sánchez, Maria-Jose, additional, Shu, Xiao-Ou, additional, Smith-Byrne, Karl, additional, Steindorf, Karen, additional, Sund, Malin, additional, Vachon, Celine M., additional, Vatten, Lars J., additional, Visvanathan, Kala, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Willett, Walter C., additional, Wolk, Alicja, additional, Yuan, Jian-Min, additional, Zheng, Wei, additional, Nichols, Hazel B., additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, Swerdlow, Anthony J., additional, and Schoemaker, Minouk J., additional
- Published
- 2023
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50. Circulating levels of biomarkers and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK Biobank study
- Author
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Peila, Rita, primary and Rohan, Thomas E., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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