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International audience; Background - Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has been extensively studied as causative microorganism of surgical prosthetic-valve infective endocarditis (IE). However, scarce evidence exists on SA IE after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods - Data were obtained from the Infectious Endocarditis After TAVR International Registry, including patients with definite IE after TAVR from 59 centres in 11 countries. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to microbiologic etiology: non-SA IE vs SA IE. Results - SA IE was identified in 141 patients out of 573 (24.6%), methicillin-sensitive SA in most cases (115/141, 81.6%). Self-expanding valves were more common than balloon-expandable valves in patients presenting with early SA IE. Major bleeding and sepsis complicating TAVR, neurologic symptoms or systemic embolism at admission, and IE with cardiac device involvement (other than the TAVR prosthesis) were associated with SA IE (P < 0.05 for all). Among patients with IE after TAVR, the likelihood of SA IE increased from 19% in the absence of those risk factors to 84.6% if ≥ 3 risk factors were present. In-hospital (47.8% vs 26.9%; P < 0.001) and 2-year (71.5% vs 49.6%; P < 0.001) mortality rates were higher among patients with SA IE vs non-SA IE. Surgery at the time of index SA IE episode was associated with lower mortality at follow-up compared with medical therapy alone (adjusted hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.96; P = 0.038). Conclusions - SA IE represented approximately 25% of IE cases after TAVR and was associated with very high in-hospital and late mortality. The presence of some features determined a higher likelihood of SA IE and could help to orientate early antibiotic regimen selection. Surgery at index SA IE was associated with improved outcomes, and its role should be evaluated in future studies.

Scarce data exist on mitral valve (MV) infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This multicenter study included a total of 579 patients with a diagnosis of definite IE after TAVI from the IE after TAVI International Registry and aimed to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, management, and outcomes of MV-IE after TAVI. A total of 86 patients (14.9%) had MV-IE. These patients were compared with 284 patients (49.1%) with involvement of the transcatheter heart valve (THV) only. Two factors were found to be associated with MV-IE: the use of self-expanding valves (adjusted odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 5.07, p = 0.012), and the presence of an aortic regurgitation >= 2 at discharge (adjusted odds ratio 3.33; 95% CI 1.43 to 7.73, p < 0.01). There were no differences in IE timing and causative microorganisms between groups, but surgical management was significantly lower in patients with MV-IE (6.0%, vs 21.6% in patients with THV-IE, p = 0.001). All-cause mortality rates at 2-year follow-up were high and similar between patients with MV-IE (51.4%, 95% CI 39.8 to 64.1) and patients with THV-IE (51.5%, 95% CI 45.4 to 58.0) (log-rank p = 0.295). The factors independently associated with increased mortality risk in patients with MV-IE were the occurrence of heart failure (adjusted p < 0.001) and septic shock (adjusted p < 0.01) during the index hospitalization. One of 6 IE episodes after TAVI is localized on the MV. The implantation of a self-expanding THV and the presence of an aortic regurgitation >= 2 at discharge were associated with MV-IE. Patients with MV-IE were rarely operated on and had a poor prognosis at 2-year follow-up. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been associated with a dismal prognosis. However, scarce data exist on IE perivalvular extension (PEE) in such patients. Methods This multicenter study included 579 patients who had the diagnosis of definite IE at a median of 171 (53–421) days following TAVR. PEE was defined as the presence of an intracardiac abscess, pseudoaneurysm, or fistula. Results A total of 105 patients (18.1%) were diagnosed with PEE (perivalvular abscess, pseudoaneurysm, fistula, or a combination in 87, 7, 7, and 4 patients, respectively). A history of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–3.41; P = .003) and IE secondary to coagulase-negative staphylococci (ORadj, 2.71; 95% CI: 1.57–4.69; P Conclusions PEE occurred in about one-fifth of IE post-TAVR patients, with the presence of coagulase-negative staphylococci and chronic kidney disease determining an increased risk. Patients with PEE-IE exhibited high early and late mortality rates, and surgery during IE hospitalization seemed to be associated with better outcomes.

BACKGROUND The optimal treatment of patients developing infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is uncertain. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with TAVI-IE treated with cardiac surgery and antibiotics (IE-CS) compared with patients treated with antibiotics alone (IE-AB). METHODS Crude and inverse probability of treatment weighting analyses were applied for the treatment effect of cardiac surgery vs medical therapy on 1-year all-cause mortality in patients with definite TAVI-IE. The study used data from the Infectious Endocarditis after TAVI International Registry. RESULTS Among 584 patients, 111 patients (19%) were treated with IE-CS and 473 patients (81%) with IE-AB. Compared with IE-AB, IE-CS was not associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (HRunadj: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.58-1.25) and 1-year all-cause mortality (HRunadj: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.64-1.22) in the crude cohort. After adjusting for selection and immortal time bias, IE-CS compared with IE-AB was also not associated with lower mortality rates for in-hospital mortality (HRadj: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.80-1.05) and 1-year all-cause mortality (HRadj: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.84-1.07). Results remained similar when patients with and without TAVI prosthesis involvement were analyzed separately. Predictors for in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality included logistic EuroSCORE I, Staphylococcus aureus, acute renal failure, persistent bacteremia, and septic shock. CONCLUSIONS In this registry, the majority of patients with TAVI-IE were treated with antibiotics alone. Cardiac surgery was not associated with an improved all-cause in-hospital or 1-year mortality. The high mortality of patients with TAVI-IE was strongly linked to patients' characteristics, pathogen, and IE-related complications. (C) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the most common and potentially disabling complications of infective endocarditis (IE). However, scarce data exist about stroke complicating IE after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with definite IE after TAVR complicated by stroke during index IE hospitalization. METHODS Data from the Infectious Endocarditis after TAVR International Registry (including 569 patients who developed definite IE following TAVR from 59 centers in 11 countries) was analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to stroke occurrence during IE admission (stroke [S-IE] vs. no stroke [NS-IE]). RESULTS A total of 57 (10%) patients had a stroke during IE hospitalization, with no differences in causative microorganism between groups. S-IE patients exhibited higher rates of acute renal failure, systemic embolization, and persistent bacteremia (p < 0.05 for all). Previous stroke before IE, residual aortic regurgitation >= moderate after TAVR, balloon-expandable valves, IE within 30 days after TAVR, and vegetation size >8 mm were associated with a higher risk of stroke during the index IE hospitalization (p < 0.05 for all). Stroke rate in patients with no risk factors was 3.1% and increased up to 60% in the presence of >3 risk factors. S-IE patients had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (54.4% vs. 28.7%; p < 0.001) and overall mortality at 1 year (66.3% vs. 45.6%; p < 0.001). Surgical treatment was not associated with improved outcomes in S-IE patients (in-hospital mortality: 46.2% in surgical vs. 58.1% in no surgical treatment; p = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS Stroke occurred in 1 of 10 patients with IE post-TAVR. A history of stroke, short time between TAVR and IE, vegetation size, valve prosthesis type, and residual aortic regurgitation determined an increased risk. The occurrence of stroke was associated with increased in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates, and surgical treatment failed to improve clinical outcomes. (C) 2021 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

BackgroundProcedural improvements combined with the contemporary clinical profile of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may have influenced the incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) following TAVR. We aimed to determine the temporal trends, characteristics, and outcomes of IE post-TAVR.MethodsObservational study including 552 patients presenting definite IE post-TAVR. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the timing of TAVR (historical cohort [HC]: before 2014; contemporary cohort [CC]: after 2014).ResultsOverall incidence rates of IE were similar in both cohorts (CC vs HC: 5.45 vs 6.52 per 1000 person-years; P = .12), but the rate of early IE was lower in the CC (2.29‰ vs 4.89‰, P ConclusionsAlthough overall IE incidence has remained stable, the incidence of early IE has declined in recent years. The microorganism, high rate of complications, and very low rate of surgical treatment remained similar. In-hospital and 1-year mortality rates were high but progressively decreased over time.

Background Although same-day discharge (SDD) after elective uncomplicated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) be adopted worldwide, it remains poorly studied in our country. We aim to evaluate our initial experience with SDD after elective PCI, regarding its safety and predictors of success. Methods A hundred and sixty-one single-center consecutive patients, selected in a specialized outpatient clinic, were included for SDD. To identify the factors associated with SDD, single and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted. Results SDD was successfully performed in 114 patients (70.8%) and the remaining 47 patients remained hospitalized (45 with discharge in the following morning and 2 patients after 2 days). No patient with SDD presented major adverse cardiac events or major vascular complications at 30 days or at a median follow-up of 12 months. In the inpatient group, there was only one case of acute myocardial infarction due to a lateral branch occlusion and two patients with > 5 cm hematoma related to the access site. The SDD predictors were radial access route (OR = 5.92; 95%CI 1.73-20.21; p = 0.005), presence of type A/B1 lesions (OR = 14.09; 95%CI 1.70-116.49%; p = 0.01) and contrast volume (OR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.65-0.88; p Conclusions SDD was safe and could be successfully performed in most patients selected for elective PCI, and its predictors were the radial access, less complex coronary lesions and a and lower contrast volume.

ResumoIntroduçãoApesar de a alta hospitalar no mesmo dia (AHMD) após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) eletiva não complicada ser adotada mundialmente, ela permanece pouco estudada em nosso meio. Objetivamos, assim, avaliar nossa experiência inicial com a AHMD após ICP eletiva, em relação à sua segurança e aos preditores de sucesso.MétodosForam incluídos 161 pacientes consecutivos para AHMD, de único centro, selecionados em ambulatório especializado. Para a identificação dos fatores associados ao sucesso da AHMD, foram ajustados modelos de regressão logística simples e múltipla.ResultadosA AHMD foi realizada com sucesso em 114 pacientes (70,8%), tendo os 47 pacientes restantes permanecido internados (45 com alta na manhã seguinte e 2 pacientes após 2 dias). Nenhum paciente com AHMD apresentou evento cardíaco adverso maior ou complicação vascular importante aos 30 dias e no seguimento mediano de 12 meses. No grupo internação, ocorreu apenas um caso de infarto agudo do miocárdio por oclusão de ramo lateral e dois hematomas > 5cm relacionados ao sítio de punção. Os preditores de sucesso da AHMD foram: via de acesso radial (OR = 5,92; IC95% 1,73‐20,21; p = 0,005), presença de lesões tipo A/B1 (OR = 14,09; IC95% 1,70‐116,49; p = 0,01) e volume de contraste (OR = 0,76; IC95% 0,65‐0,88; p < 0,001).ConclusõesA AHMD foi segura e pôde ser realizada com sucesso na maioria dos pacientes selecionados para ICP eletiva, sendo seus preditores de sucesso o acesso radial, as lesões menos complexas e um volume menor de contraste.AbstractBackgroundAlthough same‐day discharge (SDD) after elective uncomplicated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) be adopted worldwide, it remains poorly studied in our country. We aim to evaluate our initial experience with SDD after elective PCI, regarding its safety and predictors of success.MethodsA hundred and sixty‐one single‐center consecutive patients, selected in a specialized outpatient clinic, were included for SDD. To identify the factors associated with SDD, single and multiple logistic regression models were adjusted.ResultsSDD was successfully performed in 114 patients (70.8%) and the remaining 47 patients remained hospitalized (45 with discharge in the following morning and 2 patients after 2 days). No patient with SDD presented major adverse cardiac events or major vascular complications at 30 days or at a median follow‐up of 12 months. In the inpatient group, there was only one case of acute myocardial infarction due to a lateral branch occlusion and two patients with > 5cm hematoma related to the access site. The SDD predictors were radial access route (OR = 5.92; 95%CI 1.73‐20.21; p = 0.005), presence of type A/B1 lesions (OR = 14.09; 95%CI 1.70‐116.49%; p = 0.01) and contrast volume (OR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.65‐0.88; p < 0.001).ConclusionsSDD was safe and could be successfully performed in most patients selected for elective PCI, and its predictors were the radial access, less complex coronary lesions and a and lower contrast volume.

Patient: Female, 39 Final Diagnosis: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Symptoms: Chest pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Percutaneous coronary intervention Specialty: Cardiology and Pulmonology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Pulmonary artery dilatation is a common feature among patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Left main coronary artery extrinsic compression by an enlarged pulmonary artery is a rare complication and a potential cause for chest pain and sudden cardiac death in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This situation is very rare and few reports have described it. Currently, the appropriate management of these patients remains unknown. Case Report: In the present report we describe the case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of cardiac symptoms related to exercise. The patient underwent a 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography, which showed left main coronary artery (LMCA) compression by a markedly enlarged pulmonary artery trunk (44 mm), without intraluminal stenosis or coronary artery calcium, as determined by the Agatston score. This compression was considered to be the cause of the cardiac symptoms. To confirm and plan the treatment, the patient underwent cardiac catheterization that confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and LMCA critical obstruction. Taking into account the paucity of information regarding the best management in these cases, the treatment decision was shared among a “heart team” that chose percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement. An intra-vascular ultrasound was performed during the procedure, which showed a dynamic compression of the left main coronary artery. The intervention was successfully executed without any adverse events. Conclusions: This case illustrates dynamic compression of the LMCA by IVUS, visually demonstrating the mechanism of the intermittent symptoms of myocardial ischemia in this kind of patient. It also shows that percutaneous stenting technique may be an appropriate treatment for this unusual situation.

Objetivo: Delinear um perfil epidemiológico do diabetes mellitus (DM) em uma zona urbana de Juiz de Fora usando os dados obtidos no cadastramento do Programa de Saúde da Família da Prefeitura Municipal de Juiz de Fora. Metodologia: Foram colhidas informações em 12.695 domicílios através da aplicação de um questionário baseado no Programa Avançado de Gerência em Atenção Primária a Saúde. A aplicação foi realizada por 180 entrevistadores acadêmicos da área de saúde. Os dados foram transferidos para o programa epidemiológico EPI-INFO versão 6.03. A análise do banco de dados referentes a população entre 30 e 69 anos permitiu a elaboração de um estudo sobre a prevalência do DM e sua relação com outros fatores. Resultados: A prevalência do DM auto-referido foi de 4,2% (861 pessoas) e variou de 0,9% (76) entre 30 e 39 anos a 11,6% (297) entre 60 e 69 anos. 17,1% (147) relataram não tratar ou tratar irregularmente. Nos homens, a idade não interferiu no tratamento; nas mulheres, quanto menor a faixa etária, menor a adesão ao tratamento. O DM estava relacionado com outros agravos à saúde: cardiopatia (r=4,8), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (r=4,7), cegueira (r=3,1) e incapacidade de locomoção (r=3,9). Conclusão: A prevalência do DM auto-referido foi semelhante a de outros estudos nacionais. O índice de diabéticos com tratamento irregular foi muito alto e relaciona-se com baixa renda e faixas etárias mais jovens no sexo feminino. O DM apresentou alta correlação com outros agravos à saúde: cardiopatia, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, cegueira e incapacidade de locomoção. Background: by using data from Juiz de Fora's Family Health Program survey, we aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in an urban area in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Methodology: The source of information was a questionnaire, prepared according to the Primary Health Care Advancement Management Program, for the 12,695 homes visited. 180 students were selected from health courses to make the interviews, after having undergone a methodological training. Data obtained were organized using the software EPI-INFO 6.03 (WHO). Data bank analysis for the population between 30 and 69 years of age has led to the extensive study of DM prevalence and its association with other diseases. Results: Prevalence of self-reported DM was 4.2% (n=861) in general population, reaching 11.6%(n=297) of those between 60 and 69 years old and only 0,9% (n=76) among those between 30 and 39 years old. Irregular or no treatment was reported by 147 diabetics (17.1%). Among men, age did not interfere with compliance; for women there was a correlation between age and adherence to treatment. Other health disturbances were significantly associated with DM: cardiopathy (r=4.8), hypertension (r=4.7), blindness (r=3.1) and walking disabilities (r=3.9). Conclusions: Self-reported DM prevalence was similar to other national surveys. The high prevalence of non-adherence to treatment was significantly associated with low income and younger age in female gender. There was an important association of DM with other health problems, such as cardiopathy, hypertension, blindness and walking disabilities.