1. Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion
- Author
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Marco, Rafaela, Miranda, Ana, Schlotz, Wolff, Melia, Amanda, Mulligan, Aisling, Müller, Ueli, Andreou, Penny, Butler, Louise, Christiansen, Hanna, Grabiels, Isabel, Medad, Sheera, Albrecht, Bjorn, Uebel, Henrik, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Gill, Michael, Kuntsi, Jonna, Manor, Iris, Mulas, Fernando, Oades, Robert D., Roeyer, Herbert, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Rothenberger, Aribert, Faraone, Stephen V., Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.S., and University of Zurich
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Medizin ,610 Medicine & health ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Choice Behavior ,Developmental psychology ,3206 Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Reward ,mental disorders ,Criterion validity ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters ,Child ,Response inhibition ,Analysis of Variance ,Siblings ,10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Logistic Models ,El Niño ,Conduct disorder ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Impulsive Behavior ,Attention deficit ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Udgivelsesdato: 2009-May Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) choose smaller sooner (SS) over larger later (LL) rewards more than controls. Here we assess the contributions of impulsive drive for immediate rewards (IDIR) and delay aversion (DAv) to this pattern. We also explore the characteristics of, and the degree of familiality in, ADHD SS responders. We had 360 ADHD probands; 349 siblings and 112 controls (aged between 6 to 17 years) chose between SS (1 point after 2 s) and LL reward (2 points after 30 s) outcomes on the Maudsley Index of Delay Aversion (Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001): Under one condition SS choice led to less overall trial delay under another it did not. ADHD participants chose SS more than controls under both conditions. This effect was larger when SS choice reduced trial delay. ADHD SS responders were younger, had lower IQ, more conduct disorder and had siblings who were more likely to be SS responders themselves. The results support a dual component model in which both IDIR and DAv contribute to SS choice in ADHD. SS choice may be a marker of an ADHD motivational subtype.
- Published
- 2009
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