184 results on '"Rodriguez-Lainz, A."'
Search Results
2. Pilot Rapid Assessment of Cultural and Linguistic Appropriateness of COVID-19 Educational Materials
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Rubio, Bianca, Briseño, Lisa, Kukucka, Claudia, Liggett, Langdon, Medina, Mauricio, Rodriguez, Betsy, Dicent Taillepierre, Julio, and Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso
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Background: Health education materials translated for limited English proficiency audiences should be clear and easy to understand. They should be reviewed by fluent and culturally competent reviewers using a standardised and validated assessment tool. Design/Setting: A total of 139 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19-translated health education materials were reviewed for cultural and linguistic appropriateness. Method: Reviewers were trained to collect data using a standardised assessment tool, and recorded issues found in translated materials by issue, material and media type. Reviewers were selected for their fluency in the language being reviewed as well as their cultural knowledge of the intended audience. Results: Reviewers identified 150 issues related to words, phrases and images that were confusing, difficult to interpret or held multiple possible interpretations. Reviewers took an average completion time of 16 minutes per material across all media types. Conclusion: This assessment demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of conducting reviews with culturally and linguistically competent in-house reviewers using a quality assessment protocol that includes a review for cultural and linguistic accuracy. Despite mainly using certified translators, critical issues with the text and images contained in the COVID-19-translated health education materials were identified. Similar forms of assessment could provide high-quality translated materials without undergoing major document revision.
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- 2023
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3. Notes from the Field: Increases in Imported Malaria Cases — Three Southern U.S. Border Jurisdictions, 2023
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Mitchell, Cedar L., primary, Kennar, Audrey, additional, Vasquez, Yvonne, additional, Noris, Kaitlyn, additional, Williamson, Thomas, additional, Mannell, Andrea, additional, Taylor, Anissa, additional, Ruberto, Irene, additional, Cullen, Theresa A., additional, Singletary, Mariana, additional, Shah, Seema, additional, Ocaranza, Hector, additional, Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso, additional, and Mace, Kimberly E., additional
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- 2024
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4. US-Mexico binational COVID-19 cases in southern California border counties, California, February–June 2020
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Meagan R. Chuey, Phillip P. Salvatore, Alba Phippard, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, Marian Fierro, Stephen Munday, Kathleen Moser, Stephen Waterman, Paula Kriner, and Eric McDonald
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Migration ,Migrant ,Border ,Travel ,COVID-19 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration ,JV1-9480 - Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has had a significant public health impact on both the United States and Mexico. Cross-border mobility between southern California and Mexico raises questions of transmission trends between these jurisdictions. The objective of this project was to describe binational cases amongst California US-Mexico border county COVID-19 cases and compare incidence trends to cross-border Mexico jurisdictions. Methods: Interview data from persons with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in San Diego County, CA and Imperial County, CA from February to June 2020 were reviewed for binational cases; demographics and connection to COVID-19 outbreaks were assessed. Graphs of COVID-19 incidence in San Diego County and Imperial County were compared to incidence graphs in cross-border Mexico jurisdictions of Tijuana and Mexicali. Results: Persons with COVID-19 and a binational case were older, more likely to be Hispanic, and reside in a border ZIP code than those without. Binational cases were a small proportion and tracked with overall cases during the study period. Conclusions: Binational cases had different trends than non-binational cases of SARS-CoV-2 in San Diego and Imperial counties from February to June 2020. Findings could inform SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies specific to the US-Mexico land border, particularly recommendations regarding cross-border land travel.
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- 2023
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5. Decreased Anemia Prevalence Among Women and Children in Rural Baja California, Mexico: A 6-Year Comparative Study
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Moor, Molly A, Fraga, Miguel A, Garfein, Richard S, Harbertson, Judith, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Rashidi, Hooman H, Elder, John P, and Brodine, Stephanie K
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Epidemiology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Pediatric ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Hematology ,Rural Health ,3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Anemia ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Humans ,Infant ,Mexico ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,Rural Population ,Young Adult ,Women ,Children ,Public health ,Public Health and Health Services ,Development studies - Abstract
Anemia is a public health problem in Mexico. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of anemia among women and children residing in a rural farming region of Baja California, Mexico. An existing partnership between universities, non-governmental organizations, and an underserved Mexican community was utilized to perform cross-sectional data collection in 2004-2005 (Wave 1) and in 2011-2012 (Wave 2) among women (15-49 years) and their children (6-59 months). All participants completed a survey and underwent anemia testing. Blood smears were obtained to identify etiology. Nutrition education interventions and clinical health evaluations were offered between waves. Participants included 201 women and 99 children in Wave 1, and 146 women and 77 children in Wave 2. Prevalence of anemia significantly decreased from 42.3 to 23.3 % between Waves 1 and 2 in women (p
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- 2016
6. Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)
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Escutia, Gabriela, McDonald, Eric, Rodríguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Healy, Jessica
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- 2018
7. CDC-Supported National Network of Farmworker-Serving Organizations to Mitigate COVID-19
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Bethany Boggess, Sarah Prager, Jennifer M. Lincoln, Ninel Espinosa Foss, Edward Kissam, Sylvia Partida, and Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz
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Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has partnered with the National Center for Farmworker Health to respond to the impact of COVID-19 on US farmworker communities. Immigrant farmworkers are often isolated from public health infrastructure. This partnership built the capacity of a national network of organizations to connect farmworkers to COVID-19 education and vaccinations in 20 states through training and resource sharing. The partnership funded 194 network member staff, trained 1130 individuals, and supported COVID-19 outreach to more than 600 000 farmworkers. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(2):166–169. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307159 )
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- 2023
8. 2. Studying Migrant Populations: General Considerations and Approaches
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, primary and Castañeda, Xóchitl, additional
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- 2019
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9. Vaccination coverage among foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents in the United States: Successes and gaps – National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2012–2014
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Healy, Jessica, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Elam-Evans, Laurie D., Hill, Holly A., Reagan-Steiner, Sarah, and Yankey, David
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- 2018
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10. Vaccination Coverage Disparities Between Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Children Aged 19–35 Months, United States, 2010–2012
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Varan, Aiden K., Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Hill, Holly A., Elam-Evans, Laurie D., Yankey, David, and Li, Qian
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- 2017
11. Factors Related to Pertussis and Tetanus Vaccination Status Among Foreign-Born Adults Living in the United States
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Sánchez-González, Liliana, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, O’Halloran, Alissa, Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali, Liang, Jennifer L., Lu, Peng-jun, Houck, Peter M., Verguet, Stephane, and Williams, Walter W.
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- 2017
12. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations — United States, 2015
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Williams, Walter W., Lu, Peng-Jun, O’Halloran, Alissa, Kim, David K., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Pilishvili, Tamara, Skoff, Tami H., Nelson, Noele P., Harpaz, Rafael, Markowitz, Lauri E., Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Fiebelkorn, Amy Parker
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- 2017
13. Pilot rapid assessment of cultural and linguistic appropriateness of COVID-19 educational materials
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Rubio, Bianca, primary, Briseño, Lisa, additional, Kukucka, Claudia, additional, Liggett, Langdon, additional, Medina, Mauricio, additional, Rodriguez, Betsy, additional, Dicent Taillepierre, Julio, additional, and Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso, additional
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- 2023
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14. Influenza vaccination coverage among adults by nativity, race/ethnicity, citizenship, and language of the interview - United States, 2012-2013 through 2017-2018 influenza seasons
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Walter W. Williams, Kimberly H. Nguyen, Mei-Chuan Hung, Anup Srivastav, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, Meagan R. Chuey, and Peng-jun Lu
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Adult ,Vaccination Coverage ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,Population ,Ethnic group ,Underserved Population ,Foreign born ,Influenza, Human ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Medicine ,National Health Interview Survey ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza Vaccines ,Workforce ,Citizenship ,Seasons ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Approximately 20,000 people died from influenza in the US in the 2019-2020 season. The best way to prevent influenza is to receive the influenza vaccine. Persons who are foreign-born experience disparities in access to, and utilization of, preventative healthcare, including vaccination. Methods National Health Interview Survey data were analyzed to assess differences in influenza vaccination coverage during the 2012-2013 through 2017-2018 influenza seasons among adults by nativity, citizenship status of foreign-born persons, race/ethnicity, and language of the interview. Results Influenza vaccination coverage increased significantly during the study period for US-born adults but did not change significantly among foreign-born racial/ethnic groups except for increases among foreign-born Hispanic adults. Coverage for foreign-born adults, those who completed an interview in a non-English language, and non-US citizens, had lower vaccination coverage during most influenza seasons studied, compared with US-born, English-interviewed, and US-citizen adults, respectively. Conclusions Strategies to improve influenza vaccination uptake must consider foreign-born adults as an underserved population in need of focused, culturally-tailored outreach. Achieving high influenza vaccination coverage among the foreign-born population will help reduce illness among the essential workforce, achieve national vaccination goals, and reduce racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination coverage in the US.
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- 2022
15. Civil Surgeon Tuberculosis Evaluations for Foreign-Born Persons Seeking Permanent U.S. Residence
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Bemis, Kelley, Thornton, Andrew, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Lowenthal, Phil, Escobedo, Miguel, Sosa, Lynn E., Tibbs, Andrew, Sharnprapai, Sharon, Moser, Kathleen S., Cochran, Jennifer, and Lobato, Mark N.
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- 2016
16. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations — United States, 2014
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Williams, Walter W., Lu, Peng-Jun, O’Halloran, Alissa, Kim, David K., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Pilishvili, Tamara, Skoff, Tami H., Nelson, Noele P., Harpaz, Rafael, Markowitz, Lauri E., Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Bridges, Carolyn B.
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- 2016
17. Health Risk Behaviors by Length of Time in the United States Among High School Students in Five Sites
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Jones, Sherry Everett, Pezzi, Clelia, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Whittle, Lisa
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- 2016
18. sj-docx-1-hej-10.1177_00178969231181197 – Supplemental material for Pilot rapid assessment of cultural and linguistic appropriateness of COVID-19 educational materials
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Rubio, Bianca, Briseño, Lisa, Kukucka, Claudia, Liggett, Langdon, Medina, Mauricio, Rodriguez, Betsy, Dicent Taillepierre, Julio, and Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso
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Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified ,Health and Community Services ,Education - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hej-10.1177_00178969231181197 for Pilot rapid assessment of cultural and linguistic appropriateness of COVID-19 educational materials by Bianca Rubio, Lisa Briseño, Claudia Kukucka, Langdon Liggett, Mauricio Medina, Betsy Rodriguez, Julio Dicent Taillepierre and Alfonso Rodriguez Lainza in Health Education Journal
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- 2023
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19. Vital Signs : Leading Causes of Death, Prevalence of Diseases and Risk Factors, and Use of Health Services Among Hispanics in the United States — 2009–2013
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Dominguez, Kenneth, Penman-Aguilar, Ana, Chang, Man-Huei, Moonesinghe, Ramal, Castellanos, Ted, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Schieber, Richard
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- 2015
20. Migration and Health
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Marc B. Schenker, Xóchitl Castañeda, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Marc B. Schenker, Xóchitl Castañeda, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz and Marc B. Schenker, Xóchitl Castañeda, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Marc B. Schenker, Xóchitl Castañeda, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz
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- 2014
21. Incidence of Hansen’s Disease — United States, 1994–2011
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Nolen, Leisha, Haberling, Dana, Scollard, David, Truman, Richard, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Blum, Laura, and Blaney, David
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- 2014
22. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations —United States, 2018
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Aaron M. Harris, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Walter W. Williams, Lauri E. Markowitz, Mei-Chuan Hung, Kathleen L. Dooling, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Miwako Kobayashi, Anup Srivastav, and Peng-jun Lu
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Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Hepatitis B vaccine ,Vaccination Coverage ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Hepatitis A vaccine ,HPV vaccines ,Young Adult ,Health Information Management ,Medicine ,National Health Interview Survey ,Humans ,Aged ,Surveillance Summaries ,Vaccines ,business.industry ,Hepatitis A ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Vaccination ,Pneumococcal vaccine ,Health Care Surveys ,Population Surveillance ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Problem/condition Adults are at risk for illness, hospitalization, disability and, in some cases, death from vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly influenza and pneumococcal disease. CDC recommends vaccinations for adults on the basis of age, health conditions, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Despite longstanding recommendations for use of many vaccines, vaccination coverage among U.S. adults remains low. Reporting period August 2017-June 2018 (for influenza vaccination) and January-December 2018 (for pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus and diphtheria [Td]/tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis [Tdap], hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination). Description of system The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, cross-sectional national household survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. In-person interviews are conducted throughout the year in a probability sample of households, and NHIS data are compiled and released annually. NHIS's objective is to monitor the health of the U.S. population and provide estimates of health indicators, health care use and access, and health-related behaviors. Adult receipt of influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, Td/Tdap, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and at least 1 dose of HPV vaccines was assessed. Estimates were derived for a new composite adult vaccination quality measure and by selected demographic and access-to-care characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, indication for vaccination, travel history [travel to countries where hepatitis infections are endemic], health insurance status, contacts with physicians, nativity, and citizenship). Trends in adult vaccination were assessed during 2010-2018. Results Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measure was low in all age groups. Racial and ethnic differences in coverage persisted for all vaccinations, with lower coverage for most vaccinations among non-White compared with non-Hispanic White adults. Linear trend tests indicated coverage increased from 2010 to 2018 for most vaccines in this report. Few adults aged ≥19 years had received all age-appropriate vaccines, including influenza vaccination, regardless of whether inclusion of Tdap (13.5%) or inclusion of any tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine (20.2%) receipt was measured. Coverage among adults for influenza vaccination during the 2017-18 season (46.1%) was similar to the estimate for the 2016-17 season (45.4%), and coverage for pneumococcal (adults aged ≥65 years [69.0%]), herpes zoster (adults aged ≥50 years and aged ≥60 years [24.1% and 34.5%, respectively]), tetanus (adults aged ≥19 years [62.9%]), Tdap (adults aged ≥19 years [31.2%]), hepatitis A (adults aged ≥19 years [11.9%]), and HPV (females aged 19-26 years [52.8%]) vaccination in 2018 were similar to the estimates for 2017. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years and health care personnel (HCP) aged ≥19 years increased 4.2 and 6.7 percentage points to 30.0% and 67.2%, respectively, from 2017. HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19-26 years increased 5.2 percentage points to 26.3% from the 2017 estimate. Overall, HPV vaccination coverage among females aged 19-26 years did not increase, but coverage among Hispanic females aged 19-26 years increased 10.8 percentage points to 49.6% from the 2017 estimate. Coverage for the following vaccines was lower among adults without health insurance compared with those with health insurance: influenza vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years, 19-49 years, and 50-64 years), pneumococcal vaccine (among adults aged 19-64 years at increased risk), Td vaccine (among all age groups), Tdap vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19-64 years), hepatitis A vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years overall and among travelers aged ≥19 years), hepatitis B vaccine (among adults aged ≥19 years and 19-49 years and among travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccine (among adults aged ≥60 years), and HPV vaccine (among males and females aged 19-26 years). Adults who reported having a usual place for health care generally reported receipt of recommended vaccinations more often than those who did not have such a place, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Vaccination coverage was higher among adults reporting ≥1 physician contact during the preceding year compared with those who had not visited a physician during the preceding year, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Even among adults who had health insurance and ≥10 physician contacts during the preceding year, depending on the vaccine, 20.1%-87.5% reported not having received vaccinations that were recommended either for all persons or for those with specific indications. Overall, vaccination coverage among U.S.-born adults was significantly higher than that of foreign-born adults, including influenza vaccination (aged ≥19 years), pneumococcal vaccination (all ages), tetanus vaccination (all ages), Tdap vaccination (all ages), hepatitis B vaccination (aged ≥19 years and 19-49 years and travelers aged ≥19 years), herpes zoster vaccination (all ages), and HPV vaccination among females aged 19-26 years. Vaccination coverage also varied by citizenship status and years living in the United States. Interpretation NHIS data indicate that many adults remain unprotected against vaccine-preventable diseases. Coverage for the adult age-appropriate composite measures was low in all age groups. Individual adult vaccination coverage remained low as well, but modest gains occurred in vaccination coverage for hepatitis B (among adults aged ≥19 years and HCP aged ≥19 years), and HPV (among males aged 19-26 years and Hispanic females aged 19-26 years). Coverage for other vaccines and groups with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices vaccination indications did not improve from 2017. Although HPV vaccination coverage among males aged 19-26 years and Hispanic females aged 19-26 years increased, approximately 50% of females aged 19-26 years and 70% of males aged 19-26 years remained unvaccinated. Racial/ethnic vaccination differences persisted for routinely recommended adult vaccines. Having health insurance coverage, having a usual place for health care, and having ≥1 physician contacts during the preceding 12 months were associated with higher vaccination coverage; however, these factors alone were not associated with optimal adult vaccination coverage, and findings indicate missed opportunities to vaccinate remained. Public health actions Substantial improvement in adult vaccination uptake is needed to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Following the Standards for Adult Immunization Practice (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/for-practice/standards/index.html), all providers should routinely assess adults' vaccination status at every clinical encounter, strongly recommend appropriate vaccines, either offer needed vaccines or refer their patients to another provider who can administer the needed vaccines, and document vaccinations received by their patients in an immunization information system.
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- 2021
23. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination Coverage, Intentions, Attitudes, and Barriers by Race/Ethnicity, Language of Interview, and Nativity-National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, 22 April 2021-29 January 2022
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Elizabeth C Ohlsen, David Yankey, Clelia Pezzi, Jennifer L Kriss, Peng Jun Lu, Mei Chuan Hung, Maria I Dionicio Bernabe, Gayathri S Kumar, Emily Jentes, Laurie D Elam-Evans, Hannah Jackson, Carla L Black, James A Singleton, Chandresh N Ladva, Neetu Abad, and Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz
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Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Vaccination Coverage ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,Intention ,Haiti ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,Attitude ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Ethnicity ,Humans - Abstract
The National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module used a random-digit-dialed phone survey during 22 April 2021–29 January 2022 to quantify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, intent, attitudes, and barriers by detailed race/ethnicity, interview language, and nativity. Foreign-born respondents overall and within racial/ethnic categories had higher vaccination coverage (80.9%), higher intent to be vaccinated (4.2%), and lower hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination (6.0%) than US-born respondents (72.6%, 2.9%, and 15.8%, respectively). Vaccination coverage was significantly lower for certain subcategories of national origin or heritage (eg, Jamaican [68.6%], Haitian [60.7%], Somali [49.0%] in weighted estimates). Respondents interviewed in Spanish had lower vaccination coverage than interviewees in English but higher intent to be vaccinated and lower reluctance. Collection and analysis of nativity, detailed race/ethnicity and language information allow identification of disparities among racial/ethnic subgroups. Vaccination programs could use such information to implement culturally and linguistically appropriate focused interventions among communities with lower vaccination coverage.
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- 2022
24. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021
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Bojorquez, Ietza, primary, Leyva-Flores, René, additional, Rodríguez-Chávez, César, additional, Hernández-Campos, Carlos, additional, Arévalo, Marcel, additional, Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo, additional, Rodríguez-Elizondo, Georgina, additional, Ward, Sarah, additional, Merrill, Rebecca, additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Escotto, Dianne, additional, and Bustamante, Nirma, additional
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- 2022
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25. An Innovative United States–Mexico Community Outreach Initiative for Hispanic and Latino People in the United States: A Collaborative Public Health Network
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Juanita Lara, Federico Feldstein, Ivan Roberto Sierra Medal, Cecilia Rosales, Alfonso Rodriguez Lainz, Julio Dicent-Taillepierre, María Gudelia Rangel Gómez, Ken Dominguez, Amy Wolkin, Josana Tonda, Sandra Romero-Steiner, and Michael A. Flynn
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,International Cooperation ,Case Study/Practice ,Health Promotion ,Occupational safety and health ,Zika virus ,Underserved Population ,Political science ,Environmental health ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Humans ,Mexico ,Government ,biology ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hispanic or Latino ,biology.organism_classification ,Culturally Competent Care ,Community-Institutional Relations ,United States ,Outreach ,Mobile clinic ,Female ,Health education ,Public Health - Abstract
Collaborative partnerships are a useful approach to improve health conditions of disadvantaged populations. The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS) (“Health Windows”) and Mobile Health Units (MHUs) are a collaborative initiative of the Mexican government and US public health organizations that use mechanisms such as health fairs and mobile clinics to provide health information, screenings, preventive measures (eg, vaccines), and health services to Mexican people, other Hispanic people, and underserved populations (eg, American Indian/Alaska Native people, geographically isolated people, uninsured people) across the United States. From 2013 through 2019, the VDS served 10.5 million people (an average of 1.5 million people per year) at Mexican consulates in the United States, and MHUs served 115 461 people from 2016 through 2019. We describe 3 community outreach projects and their impact on improving the health of Hispanic people in the United States. The first project is an ongoing collaboration between VDS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to address occupational health inequities among Hispanic people. The second project was a collaboration between VDS and CDC to provide Hispanic people with information about Zika virus infection and health education. The third project is a collaboration between MHUs and the University of Arizona to provide basic health services to Hispanic communities in Pima and Maricopa counties, Arizona. The VDS/MHU model uses a collaborative approach that should be further assessed to better understand its impact on both the US-born and non–US-born Hispanic population and the public at large in locations where it is implemented.
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- 2021
26. The Health of the California Region Bordering Mexico
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Garza, Alvaro, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, and Ornelas, India J.
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- 2004
27. Influenza vaccination coverage among US-Mexico land border crossers: 2009 H1N1 pandemic and 2011–2012 influenza season
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Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Stephen H. Waterman, Walter W. Williams, Kathleen Moser, Conschetta Wright Moore, Monica Sovero Wiedemann, and Carla L. DeSisto
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Adult ,Male ,Vaccination Coverage ,Adolescent ,Influenza vaccine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Influenza season ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Influenza, Human ,Pandemic ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mexico ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Receipt ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emigration and Immigration ,Middle Aged ,United States ,H1n1 pandemic ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Influenza Vaccines ,Vaccination coverage ,Female ,Demography - Abstract
Background The high volume of US-Mexico land border crossings can facilitate international dissemination of influenza viruses. Methods We surveyed adult pedestrians crossing into the United States at two international land ports of entry to assess vaccination coverage during the 2009H1N1 influenza pandemic and 2011–2012 influenza season. Results Of 559 participants in 2010, 23.4% reported receipt of the 2009H1N1 vaccine. Of 1423 participants in 2012, 33.7% received the 2011–2012 influenza vaccine. Both years, those crossing the border ≥8 times per month had lower vaccination coverage than those crossing less frequently. US-border residents had lower H1N1 coverage than those in other locations. Vaccination coverage was higher for persons age ≥65 years and, in 2010 only, those with less than high school education. Although most participants believed it is important to get vaccinated, only half believed the influenza vaccine was safe and effective. The main reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccine were beliefs of low risk of disease, time constraints, and concerns about vaccine safety (in 2010) or efficacy (in 2012). Conclusions International land border crossers are a large and unique category of travelers that require targeted binational strategies for influenza vaccination and education.
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- 2019
28. Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021
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Ietza Bojorquez, René Leyva-Flores, César Rodríguez-Chávez, Carlos Hernández-Campos, Marcel Arévalo, Ricardo Cortés-Alcalá, Georgina Rodríguez-Elizondo, Sarah Ward, Rebecca Merrill, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Dianne Escotto, and Nirma Bustamante
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Adult ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,COVID-19 ,vaccination ,vaccine acceptance ,social determinants ,international borders ,Mexico–Guatemala Border ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Guatemala ,Mexico - Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.
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- 2022
29. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations —United States, 2018
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Lu, Peng-Jun, primary, Hung, Mei-Chuan, additional, Srivastav, Anup, additional, Grohskopf, Lisa A., additional, Kobayashi, Miwako, additional, Harris, Aaron M., additional, Dooling, Kathleen L., additional, Markowitz, Lauri E., additional, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional, and Williams, Walter W., additional
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- 2021
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30. Immigrant Health Inequalities in the United States: Use of Eight Major National Data Systems
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Gopal K. Singh, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Michael D. Kogan
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Technology ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Eight major federal data systems, including the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Survey of Children’s Health, National Longitudinal Mortality Study, and American Community Survey, were used to examine health differentials between immigrants and the US-born across the life course. Survival and logistic regression, prevalence, and age-adjusted death rates were used to examine differentials. Although these data systems vary considerably in their coverage of health and behavioral characteristics, ethnic-immigrant groups, and time periods, they all serve as important research databases for understanding the health of US immigrants. The NVSS and NHIS, the two most important data systems, include a wide range of health variables and many racial/ethnic and immigrant groups. Immigrants live 3.4 years longer than the US-born, with a life expectancy ranging from 83.0 years for Asian/Pacific Islander immigrants to 69.2 years for US-born blacks. Overall, immigrants have better infant, child, and adult health and lower disability and mortality rates than the US-born, with immigrant health patterns varying across racial/ethnic groups. Immigrant children and adults, however, fare substantially worse than the US-born in health insurance coverage and access to preventive health services. Suggestions and new directions are offered for improvements in health monitoring and for strengthening and developing databases for immigrant health assessment in the USA.
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- 2013
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31. 2. Studying Migrant Populations: General Considerations and Approaches
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Xóchitl Castañeda and Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz
- Published
- 2019
32. Infectious disease surveillance in globally mobile populations
- Author
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Kohl, Katrin S., primary and Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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33. Vaccination coverage among foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents in the United States: Successes and gaps – National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2012–2014
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Sarah Reagan-Steiner, David Yankey, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Jessica M. Healy, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Holly A. Hill
- Subjects
Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Vaccination Coverage ,Adolescent ,Varicella vaccine ,Population ,History, 21st Century ,Measles ,Rubella ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Immunization Programs ,business.industry ,Tetanus ,Diphtheria ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Immunization ,Communicable Disease Control ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background An overall increase has been reported in vaccination rates among adolescents during the past decade. Studies of vaccination coverage have shown disparities when comparing foreign-born and U.S.-born populations among children and adults; however, limited information is available concerning potential disparities in adolescents. Methods The National Immunization Survey-Teen is a random-digit–dialed telephone survey of caregivers of adolescents aged 13–17 years, followed by a mail survey to vaccination providers that is used to estimate vaccination coverage among the U.S. population of adolescents. Using the National Immunization Survey-Teen data, we assessed vaccination coverage during 2012–2014 among adolescents for routinely recommended vaccines for this age group (≥1 dose tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis [Tdap] vaccine, ≥1 dose quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate [MenACWY] vaccine, ≥3 doses human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccine) and for routine childhood vaccination catch-up doses (≥2 doses measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] vaccine, ≥2 doses varicella vaccine, and ≥3 doses hepatitis B [HepB] vaccine). Vaccination coverage prevalence and vaccination prevalence ratios were estimated. Results Of the 58,090 respondents included, 3.3% were foreign-born adolescents. Significant differences were observed between foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents for insurance status, income-to-poverty ratio, education, interview language, and household size. Foreign-born adolescents had significantly lower unadjusted vaccination coverage for HepB (89% vs. 93%), and higher coverage for the recommended ≥3 doses of HPV vaccine among males, compared with U.S.-born adolescents (22% vs. 14%). Adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors accounted for the disparity in HPV but not HepB vaccination coverage. Conclusions We report comparable unadjusted vaccination coverage among foreign-born and U.S.-born adolescents for Tdap, MenACWY, MMR, ≥2 varicella. Although coverage was high for HepB vaccine, it was significantly lower among foreign-born adolescents, compared with U.S.-born adolescents. HPV and ≥2-dose varicella vaccination coverage were low among both groups.
- Published
- 2018
34. Demographic and Travel Characteristics of Travel-Associated Zika Virus Infection Case-Patients in San Diego County, California (January 1, 2016–March 31, 2017)
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Gabriela Escutia, Eric McDonald, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Jessica M. Healy
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Latin Americans ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,California ,Article ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Foreign born ,Public health surveillance ,Humans ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Human services ,Retrospective Studies ,Travel ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Zika Virus Infection ,Transmission (medicine) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,biology.organism_classification ,Latin America ,Geography ,Caribbean Region ,Tourism ,Demography - Abstract
Most Zika disease cases diagnosed in the continental US have been associated with travel to areas with risk of Zika transmission, mainly the Caribbean and Latin America. Limited information has been published about the demographic and travel characteristics of Zika case-patients in the United States, besides their age and gender. During 2016–2017 the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, California, expanded the scope and completeness of demographic and travel information collected from Zika case-patients for public health surveillance purposes. The majority (53.8%) of travel-related Zika virus infection case-patients (n = 78) in the county were Hispanic, significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the 33.0% of Hispanics in the county. Foreign-born residents, mainly from Mexico, were also overrepresented among cases compared to their share in the county population (33.3 vs. 23.0%; p ≤ 0.05). Seventeen (21.8%) patients reported a primary language other than English (14 Spanish). Most case-patients traveled for tourism (54%) or to visit friends and relatives (36%). This surveillance information helps identify higher-risk populations and implement culturally targeted interventions for Zika prevention and control.
- Published
- 2017
35. An Innovative United States–Mexico Community Outreach Initiative for Hispanic and Latino People in the United States: A Collaborative Public Health Network
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Flynn, Michael A., primary, Rodriguez Lainz, Alfonso, additional, Lara, Juanita, additional, Rosales, Cecilia, additional, Feldstein, Federico, additional, Dominguez, Ken, additional, Wolkin, Amy, additional, Sierra Medal, Ivan Roberto, additional, Tonda, Josana, additional, Romero-Steiner, Sandra, additional, Dicent-Taillepierre, Julio, additional, and Rangel Gómez, Maria Gudelia, additional
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- 2021
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36. Diabetes Hospitalization at the U.S.–Mexico Border
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Juan R. Albertorio-Diaz, MA, Francis C. Notzon, PhD, and Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, DVM, MPH
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diabetes hospitalization ,hospitalization at the U.S.-Mexican border ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
IntroductionThe diabetes hospitalization rate for the region along the U.S. side of the U.S.–Mexico border is unknown, a situation that could limit the success of the Healthy Border 2010 program. To remedy this problem, we analyzed and compared hospital discharge data for Arizona, California, and Texas for the year 2000 and calculated the diabetes hospitalization rates.MethodsWe obtained hospital-discharge public-use data files from the health departments of three U.S. border states and looked for cases of diabetes. Only when diabetes was listed as the first diagnosis on the discharge record was it considered a case of diabetes for our study. Patients with cases of diabetes were classified as border county (BC) or nonborder county (NBC) residents. Comparisons between age-adjusted diabetes discharge rates were made using the z test.ResultsOverall, 1.2% (86,198) of the discharge records had diabetes listed as the primary diagnosis. BC residents had a significantly higher age-adjusted diabetes discharge rate than NBC residents. BC males had higher diabetes discharge rates than BC females or NBC males. In both the BCs and the NBCs, Hispanics had higher age-adjusted diabetes discharge rates than non-Hispanics.ConclusionThe results of this study provide a benchmark against which the effectiveness of the Healthy Border 2010 program can be measured.
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- 2007
37. Migration and Health : A Research Methods Handbook
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Schenker, Marc B., Castañeda, Xóchitl, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Schenker, Marc B., Castañeda, Xóchitl, and Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso
- Published
- 2014
38. Decreased Anemia Prevalence Among Women and Children in Rural Baja California, Mexico: A 6-Year Comparative Study
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Richard S. Garfein, Molly A Moor, Miguel Fraga, John P. Elder, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Hooman H. Rashidi, Judith Harbertson, and Stephanie K. Brodine
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Adult ,Rural Population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Anemia ,Cross-sectional study ,Nutrition Education ,Psychological intervention ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Mexico ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Iron-deficiency anemia ,Child, Preschool ,Etiology ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Anemia is a public health problem in Mexico. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of anemia among women and children residing in a rural farming region of Baja California, Mexico. An existing partnership between universities, non-governmental organizations, and an underserved Mexican community was utilized to perform cross-sectional data collection in 2004-2005 (Wave 1) and in 2011-2012 (Wave 2) among women (15-49 years) and their children (6-59 months). All participants completed a survey and underwent anemia testing. Blood smears were obtained to identify etiology. Nutrition education interventions and clinical health evaluations were offered between waves. Participants included 201 women and 99 children in Wave 1, and 146 women and 77 children in Wave 2. Prevalence of anemia significantly decreased from 42.3 to 23.3 % between Waves 1 and 2 in women (p
- Published
- 2016
39. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage Among Adult Populations — United States, 2014
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Walter W. Williams, Peng-Jun Lu, Alissa O’Halloran, David K. Kim, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Tamara Pilishvili, Tami H. Skoff, Noele P. Nelson, Rafael Harpaz, Lauri E. Markowitz, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Carolyn B. Bridges
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Hepatitis B vaccine ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Hepatitis A vaccine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,medicine ,Humans ,National Health Interview Survey ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Vaccines ,business.industry ,Public health ,Vaccination ,Hepatitis A ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Pneumococcal vaccine ,Population Surveillance ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Problem/condition Overall, the prevalence of illness attributable to vaccine-preventable diseases is greater among adults than among children. Adults are recommended to receive vaccinations based on their age, underlying medical conditions, lifestyle, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Despite longstanding recommendations for use of many vaccines, vaccination coverage among U.S. adults is low. Reporting period August 2013-June 2014 (for influenza vaccination) and January-December 2014 (for pneumococcal, tetanus and diphtheria [Td] and tetanus and diphtheria with acellular pertussis [Tdap], hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination). Description of system The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, cross-sectional national household survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. In-person interviews are conducted throughout the year in a probability sample of households, and NHIS data are compiled and released annually. The survey objective is to monitor the health of the U.S. population and provide estimates of health indicators, health care use and access, and health-related behaviors. Results Compared with data from the 2013 NHIS, increases in vaccination coverage occurred for Tdap vaccine among adults aged ≥19 years (a 2.9 percentage point increase to 20.1%) and herpes zoster vaccine among adults aged ≥60 years (a 3.6 percentage point increase to 27.9%). Aside from these modest improvements, vaccination coverage among adults in 2014 was similar to estimates from 2013 (for influenza coverage, similar to the 2012-13 season). Influenza vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years was 43.2%. Pneumococcal vaccination coverage among high-risk persons aged 19-64 years was 20.3% and among adults aged ≥65 years was 61.3%. Td vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years was 62.2%. Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years was 9.0%. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years was 24.5%. HPV vaccination coverage among adults aged 19-26 years was 40.2% for females and 8.2% for males. Racial/ethnic differences in coverage persisted for all seven vaccines, with higher coverage generally for whites compared with most other groups. Adults without health insurance were significantly less likely than those with health insurance to report receipt of influenza vaccine (aged ≥19 years), pneumococcal vaccine (aged 19-64 years with high-risk conditions and aged ≥65 years), Td vaccine (aged ≥19 years), Tdap vaccine (aged ≥19 years and 19-64 years), hepatitis A vaccine (aged ≥19 years overall and among travelers), hepatitis B vaccine (aged ≥19 years, 19-49 years, and 19-59 years with diabetes), herpes zoster vaccine (aged ≥60 years and 60-64 years), and HPV vaccine (females aged 19-26 years and males aged 19-26 years). Adults who reported having a usual place for health care generally were more likely to receive recommended vaccinations than those who did not have a usual place for health care, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Vaccination coverage was significantly higher among those reporting one or more physician contacts in the past year compared with those who had not visited a physician in the past year, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Even among adults who had health insurance and ≥10 physician contacts within the past year, 23.8%-88.8% reported not having received vaccinations that were recommended either for all persons or for those with some specific indication. Overall, vaccination coverage among U.S.-born respondents was significantly higher than that of foreign-born respondents with few exceptions (influenza vaccination [adults aged 19-49 years], hepatitis A vaccination [adults aged ≥19 years], hepatitis B vaccination [adults with diabetes aged ≥60 years], and HPV vaccination [males aged 19-26 years]). Interpretation Overall, increases in adult vaccination coverage are needed. Although modest gains occurred in Tdap vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥19 years and herpes zoster vaccination coverage among adults aged ≥60 years, coverage for other vaccines and risk groups did not improve, and racial/ethnic disparities persisted for routinely recommended adult vaccines. Coverage for all vaccines for adults remained low, and missed opportunities to vaccinate adults continued. Although having health insurance coverage and a usual place for health care are associated with higher vaccination coverage, these factors alone do not assure optimal adult vaccination coverage. Public health actions Assessing associations with vaccination is important for understanding factors that contribute to low coverage rates and to disparities in vaccination, and for implementing strategies to improve vaccination coverage. Practices that have been demonstrated to improve vaccination coverage should be used. These practices include assessment of patients' vaccination indications by health care providers and routine recommendation and offer of needed vaccines to adults, implementation of reminder-recall systems, use of standing-order programs for vaccination, and assessment of practice-level vaccination rates with feedback to staff members. For vaccination to be improved among those least likely to be up-to-date on recommended adult vaccines, efforts also are needed to identify adults who do not have a regular provider or insurance and who report fewer health care visits.
- Published
- 2016
40. Influenza vaccination coverage among US-Mexico land border crossers: 2009 H1N1 pandemic and 2011–2012 influenza season
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, primary, DeSisto, Carla, additional, Waterman, Stephen, additional, Wiedemann, Monica Sovero, additional, Moore, Conschetta Wright, additional, Williams, Walter W., additional, and Moser, Kathleen, additional
- Published
- 2019
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41. Collection of Data on Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Nativity by US Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems: Gaps and Opportunities
- Author
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Stephen H. Waterman, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Mariana McDonald, Martin S. Cetron, Chesley L. Richards, Maureen Fonseca-Ford, Ana Penman-Aguilar, and Benedict I. Truman
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Population ,Foreign language ,Ethnic group ,Language barrier ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Documentation ,Public health surveillance ,Environmental health ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Public Health Surveillance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,education ,media_common ,Language ,education.field_of_study ,Data Collection ,010102 general mathematics ,Racial Groups ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Reproducibility of Results ,Place of birth ,United States ,Geography ,Public Health Evaluation - Abstract
Objective: Despite increasing diversity in the US population, substantial gaps in collecting data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators persist in public health surveillance and monitoring systems. In addition, few systems provide questionnaires in foreign languages for inclusion of non-English speakers. We assessed (1) the extent of data collected on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity indicators (ie, place of birth, immigration status, and years in the United States) and (2) the use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–supported public health surveillance and monitoring systems in the United States. Methods: We identified CDC-supported surveillance and health monitoring systems in place from 2010 through 2013 by searching CDC websites and other federal websites. For each system, we assessed its website, documentation, and publications for evidence of the variables of interest and use of data-collection instruments in non-English languages. We requested missing information from CDC program officials, as needed. Results: Of 125 data systems, 100 (80%) collected data on race and ethnicity, 2 more collected data on ethnicity but not race, 26 (21%) collected data on racial/ethnic subcategories, 40 (32%) collected data on place of birth, 21 (17%) collected data on years in the United States, 14 (11%) collected data on immigration status, 13 (10%) collected data on primary language, and 29 (23%) used non-English data-collection instruments. Population-based surveys and disease registries more often collected data on detailed variables than did case-based, administrative, and multiple-source systems. Conclusions: More complete and accurate data on race, ethnicity, primary language, and nativity can improve the quality, representativeness, and usefulness of public health surveillance and monitoring systems to plan and evaluate targeted public health interventions to eliminate health disparities.
- Published
- 2017
42. Civil Surgeon Tuberculosis Evaluations for Foreign-Born Persons Seeking Permanent U.S. Residence
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Kathleen Moser, Mark N. Lobato, Jennifer Cochran, Andrew Tibbs, Miguel Escobedo, Lynn E. Sosa, Phil Lowenthal, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Andrew Thornton, Sharon Sharnprapai, and Kelley Bemis
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Internationality ,Tuberculosis ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Disease ,California ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Foreign born ,New England ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mass screening ,media_common ,Surgeons ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emigration and Immigration ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,United States ,030228 respiratory system ,Family medicine ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Residence ,Guideline Adherence ,Public Health ,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S ,Chest radiograph ,business - Abstract
Foreign-born persons in the United States seeking to adjust their status to permanent resident must undergo screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Screening is performed by civil surgeons (CS) following technical instructions by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From 2011 to 2012, 1,369 practicing CS in California, Texas, and New England were surveyed to investigate adherence to the instructions. A descriptive analysis was conducted on 907 (66 %) respondents. Of 907 respondents, 739 (83 %) had read the instructions and 565 (63 %) understood that a chest radiograph is required for status adjustors with TB symptoms; however, only 326 (36 %) knew that a chest radiograph is required for immunosuppressed status adjustors. When suspecting TB disease, 105 (12 %) would neither report nor refer status adjustors to the health department; 91 (10 %) would neither start treatment nor refer for TB infection. Most CS followed aspects of the technical instructions; however, educational opportunities are warranted to ensure positive patient outcomes.
- Published
- 2015
43. Health Risk Behaviors by Length of Time in the United States Among High School Students in Five Sites
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Clelia Pezzi, Lisa Whittle, Sherry Everett Jones, and Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz
- Subjects
Male ,Marijuana Abuse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Epidemiology ,Sexual Behavior ,Health Behavior ,Ethnic group ,Psychological intervention ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Poison control ,Suicide, Attempted ,Violence ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,Risk-Taking ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Bullying ,Youth Risk Behavior Survey ,United States ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Acculturation - Abstract
One in five public school students is from an immigrant-headed household. We used Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from one state and four large urban school districts to examine whether length of time living in the US was associated with health risk behaviors. Logistic regression models, using weighted data, controlled for sex, race/ethnicity, and grade. Compared to US natives, not having always lived in the US was correlated with lower risk for some behaviors (e.g., current marijuana use and alcohol use) among high school students, but higher risk for other behaviors (e.g., attempted suicide, physical inactivity). Many findings were inconsistent across the study sites. Interventions that specifically target recently-arrived school-aged youth to prevent behaviors that put health and safety at risk, may result in the best outcomes for immigrant youth. Care should be taken to understand the specific health risks present in different immigrant communities.
- Published
- 2014
44. Adult Vaccination Disparities Among Foreign-Born Populations in the U.S., 2012
- Author
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Peng-jun Lu, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Stacie M. Greby, Walter W. Williams, and Alissa O’Halloran
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Tetanus ,Diphtheria ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ,Vaccination ,Foreign born ,Immunology ,medicine ,National Health Interview Survey ,business ,Survival analysis ,Demography - Abstract
Background Foreign-born persons are considered at higher risk of undervaccination and exposure to many vaccine-preventable diseases. Information on vaccination coverage among foreign-born populations is limited. Purpose To assess adult vaccination coverage disparities among foreign-born populations in the U.S. Methods Data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed in 2013. For non-influenza vaccines, the weighted proportion vaccinated was calculated. For influenza vaccination, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess coverage among individuals interviewed during September 2011–June 2012 and vaccinated in August 2011–May 2012. Results Overall, unadjusted vaccination coverage among U.S.-born respondents was significantly higher than that of foreign-born respondents: influenza, age ≥18 years (40.4% vs 33.8%); pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), 18–64 years with high-risk conditions (20.8% vs 13.7%); PPV, ≥65 years (62.6% vs 40.5%); tetanus vaccination, ≥18 years (65.0% vs 50.6%); tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), ≥18 years (15.5% vs 9.3%); hepatitis B, 18–49 years (37.2% vs 28.4%); shingles, ≥60 years (21.3% vs 12.0%); and human papilloma virus (HPV), women 18–26 years (38.7% vs 14.7%). Among the foreign born, vaccination coverage was generally lower for non-U.S. citizens, recent immigrants, and those interviewed in a language other than English. Foreign-born individuals were less likely than U.S.-born people to be vaccinated for pneumococcal (≥65 years), tetanus, Tdap, and HPV (women) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions Vaccination coverage is lower among foreign-born adults than those born in the U.S. It is important to consider foreign birth and immigration status when assessing vaccination disparities and planning interventions.
- Published
- 2014
45. Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage among Adult Populations - United States, 2015
- Author
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Lisa A. Grohskopf, Peng-jun Lu, Rafael Harpaz, Walter W. Williams, Alissa O’Halloran, Tamara Pilishvili, Tami H. Skoff, Noele P. Nelson, David K. Kim, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Lauri E. Markowitz, and Amy Parker Fiebelkorn
- Subjects
Adult Immunization ,Adult ,Male ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Vital signs ,MEDLINE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,030225 pediatrics ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Aged ,Vaccines ,Surveillance Summaries ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Continuing education ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Audience measurement ,Vaccination coverage ,Population Surveillance ,Immunology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Problem/Condition Overall, the prevalence of illness attributable to vaccine-preventable diseases is greater among adults than among children. Adults are recommended to receive vaccinations based on their age, underlying medical conditions, lifestyle, prior vaccinations, and other considerations. Updated vaccination recommendations from CDC are published annually in the U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule. Despite longstanding recommendations for use of many vaccines, vaccination coverage among U.S. adults is low. Period Covered August 2014–June 2015 (for influenza vaccination) and January–December 2015 (for pneumococcal, tetanus and diphtheria [Td] and tetanus and diphtheria with acellular pertussis [Tdap], hepatitis A, hepatitis B, herpes zoster, and human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination). Description of System The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a continuous, cross-sectional national household survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. In-person interviews are conducted throughout the year in a probability sample of households, and NHIS data are compiled and released annually. The survey objective is to monitor the health of the U.S. population and provide estimates of health indicators, health care use and access, and health-related behaviors. Results Compared with data from the 2014 NHIS, increases in vaccination coverage occurred for influenza vaccine among adults aged ≥19 years (a 1.6 percentage point increase compared with the 2013–14 season to 44.8%), pneumococcal vaccine among adults aged 19–64 years at increased risk for pneumococcal disease (a 2.8 percentage point increase to 23.0%), Tdap vaccine among adults aged ≥19 years and adults aged 19–64 years (a 3.1 percentage point and 3.3 percentage point increase to 23.1% and to 24.7%, respectively), herpes zoster vaccine among adults aged ≥60 years and adults aged ≥65 years (a 2.7 percentage point and 3.2 percentage point increase to 30.6% and to 34.2%, respectively), and hepatitis B vaccine among health care personnel (HCP) aged ≥19 years (a 4.1 percentage point increase to 64.7%). Herpes zoster vaccination coverage in 2015 met the Healthy People 2020 target of 30%. Aside from these modest improvements, vaccination coverage among adults in 2015 was similar to estimates from 2014. Racial/ethnic differences in coverage persisted for all seven vaccines, with higher coverage generally for whites compared with most other groups. Adults without health insurance reported receipt of influenza vaccine (all age groups), pneumococcal vaccine (adults aged 19–64 years at increased risk), Td vaccine (adults aged ≥19 years, 19–64 years, and 50–64 years), Tdap vaccine (adults aged ≥19 years and 19–64 years), hepatitis A vaccine (adults aged ≥19 years overall and among travelers), hepatitis B vaccine (adults aged ≥19 years, 19–49 years, and among travelers), herpes zoster vaccine (adults aged ≥60 years), and HPV vaccine (males and females aged 19–26 years) less often than those with health insurance. Adults who reported having a usual place for health care generally reported receipt of recommended vaccinations more often than those who did not have such a place, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Vaccination coverage was higher among adults reporting one or more physician contacts in the past year compared with those who had not visited a physician in the past year, regardless of whether they had health insurance. Even among adults who had health insurance and ≥10 physician contacts within the past year, depending on the vaccine, 18.2%–85.6% reported not having received vaccinations that were recommended either for all persons or for those with specific indications. Overall, vaccination coverage among U.S.-born adults was higher than that among foreign-born adults, with few exceptions (influenza vaccination [adults aged 19–49 years and 50–64 years], hepatitis A vaccination [adults aged ≥19 years], and hepatitis B vaccination [adults aged ≥19 years with diabetes or chronic liver conditions]). Interpretation Coverage for all vaccines for adults remained low but modest gains occurred in vaccination coverage for influenza (adults aged ≥19 years), pneumococcal (adults aged 19–64 years with increased risk), Tdap (adults aged ≥19 years and adults aged 19–64 years), herpes zoster (adults aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years), and hepatitis B (HCP aged ≥19 years); coverage for other vaccines and groups with vaccination indications did not improve. The 30% Healthy People 2020 target for herpes zoster vaccination was met. Racial/ethnic disparities persisted for routinely recommended adult vaccines. Missed opportunities to vaccinate remained. Although having health insurance coverage and a usual place for health care were associated with higher vaccination coverage, these factors alone were not associated with optimal adult vaccination coverage. HPV vaccination coverage for males and females has increased since CDC recommended vaccination to prevent cancers caused by HPV, but many adolescents and young adults remained unvaccinated. Public Health Actions Assessing factors associated with low coverage rates and disparities in vaccination is important for implementing strategies to improve vaccination coverage. Evidence-based practices that have been demonstrated to improve vaccination coverage should be used. These practices include assessment of patients’ vaccination indications by health care providers and routine recommendation and offer of needed vaccines to adults, implementation of reminder-recall systems, use of standing-order programs for vaccination, and assessment of practice-level vaccination rates with feedback to staff members. For vaccination coverage to be improved among those who reported lower coverage rates of recommended adult vaccines, efforts also are needed to identify adults who do not have a regular provider or insurance and who report fewer health care visits.
- Published
- 2017
46. Factors Related to Pertussis and Tetanus Vaccination Status Among Foreign-Born Adults Living in the United States
- Author
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Peter M. Houck, Peng-jun Lu, Alissa O’Halloran, Stéphane Verguet, Walter W. Williams, Jennifer L. Liang, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Liliana Sánchez-Gonzalez, and Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Health Services Accessibility ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Foreign born ,030225 pediatrics ,Health care ,medicine ,National Health Interview Survey ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine ,Aged ,Tetanus ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Residence ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Pertussis is a common vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) worldwide. Its reported incidence has increased steadily in the United States, where it is endemic. Tetanus is a rare but potentially fatal VPD. Foreign-born adults have lower tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) and tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination coverage than do U.S.-born adults. We studied the association of migration-related, socio-demographic, and access-to-care factors with Tdap and Td vaccination among foreign-born adults living in the United States. The 2012 and 2013 National Health Interview Survey data for foreign-born respondents were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and to identify variables independently associated with Tdap and Td vaccination among foreign-born adults. Tdap and Td vaccination status was available for 9316 and 12,363 individuals, respectively. Overall vaccination coverage was 9.1% for Tdap and 49.8% for Td. Younger age, higher education, having private health insurance (vs. public insurance or uninsured), having visited a doctor in the previous year, and region of residence were independently associated with Tdap and Td vaccination. Among those reporting a doctor visit, two-thirds had not received Tdap. This study provides further evidence of the need to enhance access to health care and immunization services and reduce missed opportunities for Tdap and Td vaccination for foreign-born adults in the United States. These findings apply to all foreign-born, irrespective of their birthplace, citizenship, language and years of residence in the United States. Addressing vaccination disparities among the foreign-born will help achieve national vaccination goals and protect all communities in the United States.
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- 2016
47. Collection of Data on Race, Ethnicity, Language, and Nativity by US Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring Systems: Gaps and Opportunities
- Author
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Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, primary, McDonald, Mariana, additional, Fonseca-Ford, Maureen, additional, Penman-Aguilar, Ana, additional, Waterman, Stephen H., additional, Truman, Benedict I., additional, Cetron, Martin S., additional, and Richards, Chesley L., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Use of lead-glazed ceramic ware and lead-based folk remedies in a rural community of Baja California, Mexico
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Oralia Loza, Michael Welton, Miguel Fraga, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, and Stephanie K. Brodine
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Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Ceramics ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Adolescent ,Pilot Projects ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Elevated blood ,Lead poisoning ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Household survey ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Intervention (counseling) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mexico ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Traditional medicine ,Rural community ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Cooking and Eating Utensils ,Lead Poisoning ,Geography ,Lead ,Lead exposure ,Female ,Medicine, Traditional - Abstract
Background:Lead exposure from lead-glazed ceramics (LGCs) and traditional folk remedies have been identified as significant sources of elevated blood lead levels in Mexico and the United States. This study took place from 2005 to 2012 in a rural community in Baja California, Mexico.Objectives:1) Investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to lead and lead exposures from LGCs and two lead-based folk remedies ( azarcon and greta); and 2) evaluate a pilot intervention to provide alternative lead-safe cookware.Methods:A baseline household survey was conducted in 2005, followed by the pilot intervention in 2006, and follow-up surveys in 2007 and 2012. For the pilot intervention, families who reported using LGCs were given lead-safe alternative cookware to try and its acceptance was evaluated in the following year.Results:The community was mostly of indigenous background from Oaxaca and a high proportion of households had young children. In 2006, all participants using traditional ceramic ware at the time ( n = 48) accepted lead-safe alternative cookware to try, and 97% reported that they were willing to exchange traditional ceramic ware for lead-safe alternatives. The use of ceramic cookware decreased from over 90% during respondents’ childhood household use in Oaxaca to 47% in 2006 among households in Baja California, and further reduced to 16.8% in 2012. While empacho, a folk illness, was widely recognized as an intestinal disorder, there was almost universal unfamiliarity with the use and knowledge of azarcon and greta for its treatment.Conclusion:This pilot evaluation provides evidence 1) for an effective and innovative strategy to reduce lead exposure from LGCs and 2) of the feasibility of substituting lead-free alternative cookware for traditional ceramic ware in a rural indigenous community, when delivered in a culturally appropriate manner with health education. This strategy could complement other approaches to reduce exposure to lead from LGCs.
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- 2016
49. Recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from soft fresh cheese originating in Mexico
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Osorio, Ruben, Farrell, David, Stuber, Tod, Harris, Beth N., Payeur, Janet, Bravo, Doris, Paulson, Debra, Treviso, Scarlett, Mikolon, Andrea, Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso, Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon, Rast, Robert, Ginsberg, Michele, and Kinde, Hailu
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Tuberculosis -- Development and progression ,Tuberculosis -- Causes of ,Mycobacterium bovis -- Research ,Mycobacterium bovis -- Risk factors ,Biological sciences - Abstract
A survey was conducted to determine the outbreaks of human tuberculosis in the United States caused by Mycobacterium bovis in fresh cheese products entering the United States from Mexico. The recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from fresh cheese suggest that human infection through the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is possible and milk products also might serve as a reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis transmission to at-risk human populations residing in the U.S.
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- 2007
50. Recovery of Mycobacterium bovis from Soft Fresh Cheese Originating in Mexico
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David Farrell, Robert Rast, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Scarlett Treviso, N. Beth Harris, Ruben Osorio, Debra Paulson, Shannon Cernek-Hoskins, Andrea B. Mikolon, Michele Ginsberg, Hailu Kinde, Doris M Bravo, Tod Stuber, and Janet B. Payeur
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Mycobacterium bovis ,Tuberculosis ,Ecology ,biology ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Culture Media ,Microbiology ,Cheese ,Food Microbiology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cattle ,Mexico ,Tuberculosis, Bovine ,Bacteria ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Recent outbreaks of human tuberculosis in the United States caused by Mycobacterium bovis have implicated cheese originating in Mexico as a source of these infections. A total of 203 samples of cheese originating in Mexico were cultured, and M. bovis was recovered from one specimen. Therefore, M. bovis can be recovered from cheese and may be a source of human infections.
- Published
- 2007
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