1. Non-inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid delays the diagnosis and start of immunotherapy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis
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Mariana Espinola-Nadurille, Paola Bautista-Gomez, Jose Flores, Veronica Rivas-Alonso, Rodrigo Perez-Esparza, Rodolfo Solís-Vivanco, and Steven Vargas-Cañas
- Subjects
encefalitis antirreceptor n-metil-d-aspartato ,líquido cefalorraquídeo ,diagnóstico ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalopathy that presents with a wide variety of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations. The authors’ aim for this study was to analyze the results of paraclinical studies of patients with a diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the association between symptom onset and diagnosis, and start of immunotherapy. Retrospective data of 29 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were gathered and analyzed. Abnormal EEG was found in 27 patients (93.1%), whereas MRI was abnormal in 19 patients (65.5%). In contrast, an inflammatory pattern on CSF analysis was found in only 13 patients (44.8%). The absence of pleocytosis or increased proteins in the CSF was associated with a longer time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment (p = 0.003). The authors conclude that noninflammatory CSF may delay the correct diagnosis and start of immunotherapy in anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In the presence of suggestive clinical features, extensive studies including EEG are recommended.
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