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This article aims to present an analysis of aspects of the educational policy by the Federation of Industries of the State of Santa Catarina (FIESC) expressed in the journal Indústria & Competitividade. Characterized as a documental type, a research had as scope of analysis the first 16 printed issues of the journal Indústria & Competitividade. It was verify that FIESC disseminates concepts and presents formulations for education contemplating aspects connected to the quality of education, schooling, workers’ productivity, the educational model, the curriculum of schools and universities, and teacher training. Such formulations are analyzing in the light of Gramscian perspective, for which the action of the bourgeois State produces the fundamental conditions to conform the working class to the market logic, ideologically molding it in the maintenance of capitalism as the only possibility of sociability, and thus seeking to make the class struggle innocuous. This, in turn, generates the need to apprehend the real dimensions of the public versus private relationship and the concrete ways of confrontation and resistance to the order of capital O presente artigo visa apresentar uma análise de aspectos da política educacional da Federação das Indústrias do Estado de Santa Catarina (FIESC) expressa na revista Indústria & Competitividade. O estudo, de tipo documental, teve como escopo de análise as primeiras 16 edições impressas da revista Indústria & Competitividade. Constatou-se que a FIESC difunde conceitos e apresenta formulações para a educação contemplando aspectos relacionados à qualidade da educação, da escolaridade, da produtividade dos trabalhadores, do modelo educacional, do currículo das escolas e universidades, e da formação de professores. Tais formulações são analisadas à luz da perspectiva gramsciana, para a qual a atuação do Estado burguês produz as condições fundamentais para conformar a classe trabalhadora à lógica do mercado, amoldando-a ideologicamente na manutenção do capitalismo como única possibilidade de sociabilidade, e assim buscando o apassivamento da luta de classes. Isso, por sua vez, gera a necessidade de apreender as reais dimensões da relação público versus privado e as formas concretas de enfrentamento e resistência à ordem do capital.

Chile is currently undergoing a constituent process. This process, formally initiated through a referendum in which the vote for a new constitution won by an overwhelming majority, has created enormous expectations of political and social transformation. However, achieving that goal will depend less on the constitution as such and more on the legal praxis and political process developing under its influence. In that regard, constitutional comparison and a methodological openness towards social sciences could be important resources when analyzing how new constitutions have managed to positively influence institutional practices capable of reconfiguring the conditions of existence of political communities.

The planning about the composition of the national electric energy matrix, determined by the growing demand and population environmental concern, must be based in a best use of renewable sources, as the photovoltaic solar. Its possible integration in urban areas and use throughout the year in most parts of Brazil’s territory make this an attractive alternative of investment. In this context, this work aims to analyze economically the installation of grid-connected photovoltaic panels in a medium-sized industry in Porto Alegre. Information and data were measured in the field for its development, which configures the applied nature of the research, which has modeling and simulation as technical procedure. Two photovoltaic systems were technically dimensioned, one of 23.76 kWp and another of 39.6 kWp. Both combined with the variation of the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return of the investor and the tariff flag in use, configured the 24 scenarios modeled. For the economic viability were used the Engineering Economy methods such as NPV, IRR, simple payback and discounted payback, in addition to the LCOE calculation. As main result, the scenario with the highest economic attractiveness, corresponding to the 39.6 kWp system, obtained NPV of R$ 334,502.27, IRR of 2.79% per month, payback period of 40 months, discounted payback period of 50 months and LCOE of 0.1374 R$/kWh. Thus, it was possible to conclude that there is economic viability for the projects proposed. This is because in 16 scenarios the IRR exceeded the MARR considered for the medium-sized industry used as a case in this work.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) used for the channel region in inverted coplanar setup in Thin Film Transistors (TFT) were the focus of this study. The regions between the source electrode and the ZnO NP and the drain electrode were under investigation as they produce a Schottky barrier in metal-semiconductor interfaces. A more general Thermionic emission theory must be evaluated: one that considers both metal/semiconductor interfaces (MSM structures). Aluminum, gold, and nickel were used as metallization layers for source and drain electrodes. An organic-inorganic nanocomposite was used as a gate dielectric. The TFTs transfer and output characteristics curves were extracted, and a numerical computational program was used for fitting the data, hence information about Schottky Barrier Height (SBH) and ideality factors for each TFT could be estimated. The nickel metallization appears with the lowest SBH among the metals investigated. For this metal and for higher drain-to-source voltages, the SBH tended to converge to some value around 0.3 eV. The developed fitting method showed good fitting accuracy even when the metallization produced different SBH in each metal-semiconductor interface, as was the case for gold metallization. The Schottky effect is also present and was studied when the drain-to-source voltages and/or the gate voltage were increased.

El presente articulo se refiere a los mecanismos que las constituciones establecen para su modificacion. Esta dividido en dos secciones. En la primera de ellas, se postula que la Constitucion es especial por su relacion con la politica y que sus mecanismos de reforma son una manifestacion de dicha relacion. A continuacion, se plantea que la especialidad de los mecanismos de reforma constitucional responde esencialmente a dos objetivos, que son a su vez consecuencia de dicha relacion: en primer lugar, garantizar vias de participacion en el proceso de reforma, que excedan de los canales propios de la democracia representativa, y en segundo, generar estabilidad. En la segunda seccion, se estudian los mecanismos de reforma que han regido en Chile a la luz de los criterios senalados.