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Abstract Background The widely implemented prevention program in Brazil, PROERD (a translated version of the DARE-kiR program), showed no evidence of effect in preventing drug use in a recent trial. The lack of cultural adaptation and instructors’ deviations from the curriculum were identified as potential reasons for its ineffectiveness. This study aims to identify points of inadequacy of the PROERD program for the Brazilian culture, suggesting strategies for revising the curriculum to improve implementation. Methods We triangulated data obtained from three different groups of study participants: semi-structured interviews with the law enforcement officer who implemented the program, focus groups with students who participated in the program, and questionnaires completed by external experts in the prevention field who evaluated the program’s manuals. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis based on the Ecological Validity Model theory, which encompasses three main axes: methodology, content, and language to identify the main points for cultural adaptation. Results Regarding the program’s methodology, there is an excess of activities with little interactivity involving literacy skills that do not match Brazilian students' cognitive development and require equipment unavailable in Brazilian public schools. Regarding content, activities were considered appropriate for evidence-based prevention; however, there were some contradictions related to the drug content. The language presented in the program’s manuals was considered inappropriate for the culture of Brazilian youth (vocabulary, examples, and images). Conclusions In conclusion, this study strongly recommends revising the PROERD curriculum Caindo na Real, ensuring it will align with the international prevention standards and Brazilian Culture.

Abstract Perovskite solar cells hold promise for cost-effective, high-efficiency renewable energy generation; yet their commercialization is hindered by progress towards scalable fabrication methods. Roll-to-roll processing is a promising solution for large-scale production, and the incorporation of Roll-to-roll coated carbon electrodes offers several additional advantages, including low-cost manufacturing and high-stability. Introducing a compatible hole transporting layer between perovskite and carbon significantly improves performance. Here we present a study comparing four interlayers (Spiro-MeOTAD, PTAA, PEDOT, and P3HT) in printed devices, assessing efficiency, stability, and scalability. Our results reveal that spiro-MeOTAD and PTAA was not compatible with the carbon electrode however PEDOT and P3HT showed promising results. Beyond photovoltaic performance, comparison of P3HT and PEDOT in terms of stability, toxicity, and cost reveals that P3HT can be a superior choice for scaling up manufacturing. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing perovskite solar cells performance in scalable production via roll-to-roll printing.

Three dimensional-printing construction is an emerging technology with significant potential for faster building execution and more precise, controllable designs. This technology utilizes material deposition managed by computer data, enabling additive construction of shapes. This research aims to develop a generative design system for 3D-printed houses in Chile, addressing the country’s growing demand for housing across diverse geographical locations and social groups, also present in other parts of the world. The development process involves synthesizing the external form features of existing Chilean houses and analyzing prototypes of 3D-printed houses worldwide to establish a set of geometric characteristics suitable for 3D-printed homes in Chile. A procedure is then outlined to create design alternatives using parametric programming on a BIM platform, followed by toolpath development for printing the building components. Various models are generated to demonstrate housing shapes’ versatility and adaptability to Chilean contexts and 3D-printed construction methods. Finally, a detailed design is created and printed to construct a housing prototype, testing the entire digital workflow. This experience highlights the variety of 3D-printed housing shapes that can be developed while assessing their feasibility for the Chilean context. This research complements the flexible design capabilities of 3D printing construction, resulting in buildings better suited to various locations and occupancy needs.

Abstract Background In 2006, Brazil implemented the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices of the SUS. and in 2015, the Brazilian Ministry of Health issued a reinforcement to this policy to increase access to integrative and complementary health practices (ICHP). In this study, we described the prevalence of ICHP in Brazilian adults according to their sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived health, and chronic diseases. Methods This is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey including 64,194 participants from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Types of ICHP were categorized according to their purposes: health promotion (Tai chi/Lian gong/Qi gong, yoga, meditation, and integrative community therapy) or therapeutic practices (acupuncture, auricular acupressure, herbal treatment and phytotherapy, and homeopathy). Participants were classified as non-practitioners and practitioners, who in turn were grouped according to use of ICHP in the last 12 months: only used health promotion practices (HPP); only used therapeutic practices (TP); used both (HPTP). Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to estimate the associations of ICHP with sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived health status, and chronic diseases. Results Brazilian adults showed an ICHP use prevalence of 6.13% [95%CI = 5.75–6.54]. Compared to non-practitioners, women and middle-aged adults were more likely to use any ICHP. Afro-Brazilians were less likely to use both HPP and HPTP, whereas Indigenous people were more likely to use both HPP and TP. We found a positive gradient of association among participants with higher income and educational attainment and access to any ICHP. People from rural areas and those with negative self-perceived health were more likely to use TP. Participants with arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back problems, and depression were more likely to use any ICHP. Conclusions We found that 6% of Brazilian adults reported using ICHP in the previous 12 months. Women, middle-aged individuals, chronic patients, people with depression, and wealthier Brazilians are more likely to use any type of ICHP. Of note, rather than suggesting to expand the offer of these practices in the Brazilian public health system, this study diagnosed Brazilians’ behavior of seeking for complementary healthcare.

O futsal é uma modalidade intermitente de alta intensidade que requer treinamento por meio de atividades situacionais envolvendo os metabolismos aeróbio e anaeróbio. A frequência cardíaca (FC) pode ser considerada um grande indicador de fadiga pensando nas características do futsal e em sua relação com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR). O objetivo do presente estudo foi relacionar a ACR com o comportamento da FC em situações semelhantes às de jogo em atletas profissionais de futsal. Trata-se de um estudo transversal desenvolvido com 20 atletas (21,3 ± 5,8 anos) de uma equipe profissional de futsal (série ouro) do estado do Paraná. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas, teste de ACR, análise da FC em jogo simulado e análise dos dados por meio de estatística descritiva e correlação parcial de Pearson. A análise estatística não encontrou diferença significativa entre FC e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 max) (r=0,15). Em relação ao comportamento da FC no jogo simulado, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas em nenhuma zona percentual da FC entre as diferentes posições de jogo. Situações expressas durante uma partida de futsal demonstraram que a FC não está associada à ACR, uma vez que os jogadores que apresentam melhor ACR nem sempre conseguem manter valores de FC inferiores em quadra, além disso, fixos, alas e pivôs não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em relação ao comportamento da FC durante o jogo.

Gelos astrofísicos (formados pela água, entre outras moléculas) atuam como um catalisador e um reservatório de espécies carbonáceas, ambas com grandes implicações para a astrobiologia. Neste trabalho, nós estudamos a formação de nanoestruturas de gelo astrofísico encontradas no meio interestelar, tendo uma folha de grafeno como substrato catalisador, utilizando-se a técnica de dinâmica molecular clássica para modelar esses ambientes astrofísicos. Para isso, projetou-se dois sistemas: o primeiro composto por grafeno e e o segundo composto por grafeno, e . Inicialmente construiu-se uma caixa de simulação onde a área foi delimitada pelo grafeno cuja altura variava de 4, 6, 8 e 10 nm. As moléculas foram distribuídas uniformemente por toda a caixa. A técnica de dinâmica molecular provou ser uma ferramenta promissora para entender o fenômeno da adsorção de moléculas no substrato, permitindo-nos perceber que a distribuição aleatória de moléculas no sistema interfere com a estrutura geométrica formada por uma nanoestrutura de gelo. Este estudo nos permite compreender, do ponto de vista nanométrico, a influência de alguns parâmetros físico-químicos, no que tange a formação das nanoestruturas de gelos astrofísicos, como o número de ligações de hidrogênio, o tamanho inicial da caixa de simulação, e sua densidade durante o processo de congelamento

We describe an enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) that can electrooxidize glucose completely. The EFC contains the hybrid Ni@Pt-CNT/OxOx bioanode, composed of a bimetallic composite catalyst (Ni@Pt-CNT) and the enzyme oxalate oxidase (OxOx), which can cleave carbon-carbon bonds. Ni@Pt-CNT/OxOx displayed 3-fold higher catalytic activity in the presence than in the absence of glucose (1.3 and 0.4 mA cm−2, respectively), indicating that Ni@Pt-CNT and OxOx acted synergistically. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that Ni@Pt-CNT/OxOx had higher charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance than Ni@Pt-CNT. Long-term bulk electrolysis (18 h) revealed that the EFC operating with Ni@Pt-CNT/OxOx presented better current density and stability than the electrochemical cell operating with Ni@Pt-CNT, so deep glucose electrooxidation generated energy. The glucose oxidation products detected by HPLC-UV/RID confirmed that glucose was fully electrooxidized, and that 24 electrons were harvested from it. The hybrid Ni@Pt-CNT/OxOx bioanode developed herein could be used in cascade reactions, to provide an EFC with promising application in self-powered electronic devices.

Cattle breeding has been one of the most important industrial sectors in the world since it is related to food security and the survival of the human race. Management of the cattle fattening process is a fundamental procedure for cattle breeders because it allows them to make strategic decisions, such as timely treatment in case of any abnormality (e.g., weight gain in herds, in their paddocks). This article aims to present a management system for the cattle fattening process under a rotational grazing scheme, considering the health status of the animal and the pasture, which should diagnose weight loss or gain in bovines and recommend actions when is required. The diagnostic process is based on a fuzzy system that defines rules that characterize the diagnostic process to determine the current situation given an input. Furthermore, the fuzzy classifier optimizes its rules by means of genetic algorithms by modifying its membership functions, providing a more accurate system for diagnosis. On the other hand, the recommendation system is based on a classification model of pasture crops, in which the best pasture is recommended given the soil variables. We tested our proposal with experimental cases, with promising results. For the fuzzy classifier, the accuracy metrics are very good, with values of accuracy close to 100% and of Area Under the Curve close to 1. For the classification model were used several machine learning techniques, resulting in the best classifier the random forest technique, with an accuracy of 98.61%.

In recent years, Geoscience Australia has undertaken a successful continental-scale validation program, targeting Landsat and Sentinel analysis-ready data surface reflectance products. The field validation model used for this program was successfully built upon earlier studies, and the measurement uncertainties associated with these protocols have been quantified and published. As a consequence, the Australian earth observation community was well-prepared to respond to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) call for collaborators with the 2021 Landsat 8 (L8) and Landsat 9 (L9) underfly. Despite a number of challenges, seven validation datasets were captured across five sites. As there was only a single 100% overlap transit across Australia, and the country was amidst a strong La Niña climate cycle, it was decided to deploy teams to the two available overpasses with only 15% side lap. The validation sites encompassed rangelands, chenopod shrublands, and a large inland lake. Apart from instrument problems at one site, good weather enabled the capture of high-quality field data allowing for meaningful comparisons between the radiometric performance of L8 and L9, as well as the USGS and Australian Landsat analysis-ready data processing models. Duplicate (cross-calibration) spectral sampling at different sites provides evidence of the field protocol reliability, while the off-nadir view of L9 over the water site has been used to better compare the performance of different water and atmospheric correction processing models.

Abstract Background Based on the US DARE-kiR, a version of the Keepin’ it REAL program, the Drug and Violence Resistance Educational Program (PROERD) is the most widely implemented Brazilian prevention program. It originates from the translation of the DARE-kiR, a version of the Keepin’ it REAL program. Previous results suggest its inefficiency in preventing drug use among Brazilian adolescents. Since kiR fidelity can impact program outcomes, this mixed-methods study evaluates the PROERD implementation fidelity and its effects on preventing drug use among adolescents. Methods Data from two cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCTs) with 4,030 students from 30 public schools in São Paulo (1,727 fifth graders and 2,303 seventh graders), assessed at two-time points, were analyzed quantitatively. After implementing each lesson during the cRCT, 19 PROERD instructors answered fidelity forms. The effect of PROERD fidelity on alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalant, and cocaine use (the last two only among seventh graders) in the six months prior to follow-up assessment was analyzed by logistic regressions for fifth grade and mixed effect models for seventh graders. For qualitative analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with PROERD instructors and investigated by thematic analysis. Results Quantitative analysis showed that PROERD implementation fidelity had no impact on drug use among fifth and seventh graders. Conversely, the qualitative analysis revealed important aspects that may influence implementation fidelity and consequently program effectiveness, such as adaptations made by instructors, school infrastructure, among others, besides program application. Conclusion PROERD requires cultural adaptation to improve its implementation in Brazilian public schools.

Abstract Background Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare clinical syndrome involving the accumulation of lipid-rich proteinaceous material in the alveoli. There is a paucity of published studies on this condition. To better characterize the demographics, complication rates, mortality, and healthcare costs of patients hospitalized for PAP in the United States, a secondary analysis on the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was performed on patients admitted from 2012 to 2014 with a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Methods Using the NIS database, a secondary analysis was performed on 500 admissions with the diagnosis “pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.” The clinical variables and outcome measures extracted were: patient demographics, hospital costs, length of stay, frequency of admissions, and inpatient mortality rate. Results Among a weighted estimate of 500 hospital admissions from 2012 to 2014, the number of PAP admissions averaged 4.7 per million. The population was predominantly male (55%) with a mean age of 41.45 (CI 38.3–44.5) from all socioeconomic levels. Inpatient mortality was calculated to be 5%, which may result from the fact that the majority of admitted patients had few or no comorbid conditions (CCI 0.72). The most common procedure performed during admission was a bronchoalveolar lavage. Mean length of stay was 6.2 days (CI 3.9–8.5) and average cost of admission was $29,932.20 (CI 13,739–46,124). Of note, 50% of these admissions were considered “elective.” Conclusions Demographics of patients with PAP who have been hospitalized in the United States are similar to previously reported demographics from prior patient cohorts, specifically a male predominance and a mean age in the 40 s. The inpatient mortality rate of 5% we found is consistent with prior studies demonstrating good disease-specific survival rates. Notably, the cost per admission and overall annual cost associated with PAP hospitalization was calculated to be $29932.20 and $5 million respectively. This reflects the high economic cost associated with hospitalization of PAP patients, and provokes thought about ways to make treatment more cost-effective.

Objective: To assess the effects of order of resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on functional capacity, blood pressure, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT followed by HIIT (RT-HIIT, n = 10, mean age 64.5 ± 7.9 years) or HIIT followed by RT (HIIT-RT, n = 10, mean age 59.32 ± 4.44 years). Both groups trained twice a week for 8 weeks. RT was composed of 7 exercises for the upper and lower body. HIIT was composed of alternate pairings of high-intensity (> 85% of maximum heart rate [MHR]) and moderate-intensity (60% MHR) running. Results: A time effect was found for upper-body muscle endurance (HIIT-RT = +9.43%; RT-HIIT = +6.16%), agility and dynamic balance (HIIT-RT = -5.96%; RT-HIIT = -8.57%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (HIIT-RT = +5.14%; RT-HIIT = +6.13%), with no difference between groups. Body composition and blood pressure did not change throughout the investigation for either group. Conclusion: Eight weeks of a combined HIIT and RT exercise program improved functional capacity of middle-aged and older women without altering blood pressure and body composition, regardless of the order of exercises.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a transferência da imunidade passiva, por meio da concentração de proteína plasmática total (PT), em cordeiros alimentados com colostros bovino ou ovino. Foram utilizados 36 animais, divididos em dois grupos. Os cordeiros do tratamento 1 (T1) receberam colostro de vaca, enquanto, os do tratamento 2 (T2) receberam colostro de ovelha. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas em 5 momentos: H0 (ao nascer), H2 (duas após parto), H6 (seis horas após parto), H12 (doze horas após parto) e H24 (24 horas após parto). A dosagem da proteína plasmática foi realizada por espectrofotometria e os dados foram analisados pelo software Origin 6.0. O valor médio da proteína total plasmática dos cordeiros na primeira coleta de sangue (H0) foi de 1,73±1,31 g/dL (T1) e 1,95±1,05 g/dL (T2). No H2 encontrou-se 2,13±1,11 (T1) e 2,24±0,97 (T2). Já no momento (H6) foi de 3,06±1,40 (T1) e 3,74±3,25 (T2). No momento (H12) foi de 3,92±1,81 (T1) e 5,50±3,74 (T2), e nas vinte e quatro horas após a coleta (H24), foi de 3,97±1,70 (T1) e 4,04±2,26 (T2). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclui-se, portanto, que há transferência de imunidade passiva para cordeiros neonatos que receberam colostro de diferentes origens e que a mensuração da proteína plasmática é um importante biomarcador da eficácia da colostragem em cordeiros.

Abstract In the present study, rainfall rate statistics for radio propagation applications collected during 1‐year measurement with a 1‐min integration time in three locations of Venezuela are presented and analyzed for the first time in the country. Specifically, the statistics of the worst‐month (WM) are assessed and compared with the Recommendation ITU‐R P.841‐7 prediction model. The results indicate that the model does not accurately predict the statistics of the WM in the country. Also, the performance of Recommendation ITU‐R P.837‐7 (Annex 1 and Annex 2) in estimating the rain rate for a 1‐min integration time at the three locations is examined, with the ITU‐R P.837‐7 Annex 1 exhibiting the best performance and providing results that encourage its use in the prediction of complementary cumulative distributions of rain rate in the country.

Retrons were described in 1984 as DNA sequences that code for a reverse transcriptase and a unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). It would not be until 2020 that a function was shown for retrons, when compelling evidence was presented that retrons activate an abortive infection pathway in response to bacteriophage (phage) infection. When infected with the virulent mutant of the phage lambda, λVIR, and to a lesser extent, other phages, a retron designated Ec48 is activated, the Escherichia coli bearing this retron element dies, and the infecting phage is lost. With the aid of a mathematical model, we explore the a priori conditions under which retrons will protect bacterial populations from predation by phage and the conditions under which retron-bearing bacteria will evolve in populations without this element. Using isogenic E. coli with and without Ec48 and λVIR, we estimated the parameters of our model and tested the hypotheses generated from our analysis of its properties. Our models and experiments demonstrate that cells expressing a retron-mediated abortive infection system can protect bacterial populations. Our results demonstrate that retron bearing bacteria only have a competitive advantage under a limited set of conditions.

Abstract Aim: to compare the impact of different resistance exercise orders on postexercise hemodynamic measures in resistance-trained nonhypertensive middle-aged and older women. Methods: Twenty-three women (age 50-78 yrs) were randomized into two resistance training (RT) groups: one group started training sessions performing multi-joint exercises followed by single-joint exercises (MS, n = 12; 58.92 ± 5.53 yrs), while the other group performed their sessions in the opposite order (SM, n = 11; 57.93 ± 11.89 yrs). Both groups performed their RT sessions composed of 7 exercises performed in 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum. Blood pressure was measured by automated equipment during pre-training and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified an isolated effect of time only for systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003) with statistically significant reductions in pre-session measurement at 60 min post-session in both groups (MS: 117.67 ± 15.89 mmHg vs. 111.25 ± 11.84 mmHg and SM: 118.64 ± 15.13 mmHg vs. 111.50 ± 15.62 mmHg). Regarding diastolic blood pressure and subjective perception of effort, no difference was identified between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that a RT session can promote post-exercise hypotension for systolic blood pressure after 60 min of recovery in middle-aged and nonhypertensive older women regardless of the exercise order.

Background Neck pain, one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, affects 222 million people worldwide. The cervical range of motion (CROM) is a tool used to assess the neck’s state across three movement axes: flexo-extension, rotation, and lateral flexion. People with neck pain often have a reduced CROM, and they feel pain at the end-range and/or accompany neck movements with compensatory trunk movements. Virtual reality (VR) setups can track the movement of the head and other body parts in order to create the sensation of immersion in the virtual environment. Using this tracking position information, a CROM assessment can be performed using a VR setup that may be carried out autonomously from the user’s home. The objectives of this study were to develop a VR experience that could be used to perform a CROM assessment, and to evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the CROM measures guided by this VR experience. To the best of our knowledge, a study of this type has not been carried out before. Materials & Methods A total of 30 asymptomatic adults were assessed using a VR device (HTC Vive Pro Eye™). Two raters provided support with the VR setup, and the participants were guided by the VR experience as they performed the movements. Each rater tested each subject twice, in random order. In addition to a head-mounted display (HMD), a tracker located on the subject’s back was used to measure trunk compensatory movements. The CROM was estimated using only the HMD position and this measurement was corrected using the tracker data. The mean and standard deviation were calculated to characterize the CROM. To evaluate the reliability, the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for intra-rater and inter-rater analysis. The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were also calculated. The usability of the VR system was measured using the Spanish version of the System Usability Scale. Results The mean CROM values in each axis of movement were compatible with those described in the literature. ICC values ranged between 0.86 and 0.96 in the intra-rater analysis and between 0.83 and 0.97 in the inter-rater analysis; these values were between good and excellent. When applying the correction of the trunk movements, both the intra-rater and inter-rater ICC values slightly worsened except in the case of the lateral flexion movement, where they slightly improved. The usability score of the CROM assessment/VR system was 86 points, which is an excellent usability score. Conclusion The reliability of the measurements and the usability of the system indicate that a VR setup can be used to assess CROM. The reliability of the VR setup can be affected by slippage of the HMD or tracker. Both slippage errors are additive, i.e., only when the sum of these two errors is less than the compensatory movement do the measurements improve when considering the tracker data.

Abstract Background Episiotomy in Mexico is highly prevalent and often routine - performed in up to 95% of births to primiparous women. The WHO suggests that episiotomy be used in selective cases, with an expected prevalence of 15%. Training programs to date have been unsuccessful in changing this practice. This research aims to understand how and why this practice persists despite shifts in knowledge and attitudes facilitated by the implementation of an obstetric training program. Methods This is a descriptive and interpretative qualitative study. We conducted 53 pre and post-intervention (PRONTO© Program) semi-structured interviews with general physician, gynecologists and nurses (N = 32, 56% women). Thematic analysis was carried out using Atlas-ti© software to iteratively organize codes. Through interpretive triangulation, the team found theoretical saturation and explanatory depth on key analytical categories. Results Themes fell into five major themes surrounding their perceptions of episiotomy: as a preventive measure, as a procedure that resolves problems in the moment, as a practice that gives the clinician control, as a risky practice, and the role of social norms in practicing it. Results show contradictory discourses among professionals. Despite the growing support for the selective use of episiotomy, it remains positively perceived as an effective prophylaxis for the complications of childbirth while maintaining control in the hands of health care providers. Conclusions Perceptions of episiotomy shed light on how and why routine episiotomy persists, and provides insight into the multi-faceted approaches that will be required to affect this harmful obstetrical practice.

Objective. To assess the association between drinking behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine, anxiety symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Method. Data was collected through a cross-sectional online survey (non-probabilistic sample) conducted by the Pan American Health Organization between May 22 and June 30, 2020, in 33 countries and two territories of LAC. Participants were 18 years of age or older and must not have traveled outside of their country since March 15, 2020 (n= 12 328, M age= 38.1 years, 65% female). Four drinking behaviors (online socializing drinking [OSD], drinking with child present [DCP], drinking before 5 p.m. [DB5]), heavy episodic drinking [HED]) were response variables, and quarantining, anxiety symptoms and sociodemographic covariables were explanatory variables. Results. Quarantine was positively associated with a higher frequency of OSD and with DCP, but negatively associated with a higher frequency of HED. Anxiety symptoms were associated with a higher frequency of HED, more OSD, and DB5. Higher incomes seemed to be more associated with all the studied drinking behaviors. Women tended to report less DB5 and less HED during the pandemic. Conclusions. Quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to affect drinking behavior and mental health indicators like anxiety symptoms. This study is the first effort to measure the consequences of the quarantine on alcohol consumption and mental health in LAC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the associations found, screenings and brief interventions targeting alcohol consumption and mental health are recommended.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze changes in the daily routine and life perceptions of older adults due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 338 older adults (93 men and 238 women) residing in southern Brazil. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created using the Google Forms platform and was distributed to older adults (> 60 years of age) during the isolation period caused by the coronavirus disease pandemic. Data analysis was conducted through Student's-t and χ2 tests. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant association between social isolation and sex (p < 0.01), revealing that women experienced higher levels of social isolation than men. We observed that 82.21% of the older adults participating in this study reported changes in their social routines during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: During this period of extended social isolation, women reported more negative effects than men.

The forage palm is widely cultivated in semiarid regions. It has a basic chromosome number of x = 11 and polyploids are the main variation. It is propagated via vegetative reproduction, and sexual propagation is rarely used. The objective was to associate the physiological quality of seeds of different cultivars of forage palm with the level of ploidy in the genera Opuntia and Nopalea. The cultivars used were: diploids (2n = 22) ‘F8’, ‘F21’, and ‘IPA Sertânia’; tetraploids (2n = 44) ‘Clone 6 African Elephant Ear’, ‘Mexican Elephant Ear’, and ‘V19’, and octaploids (2n = 88) ‘Round’, ‘Giant’, and ‘IPA Clone 20’. Thousand seed weight, length, diameter, number of seeds per fruit, first count and emergence percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry mass, electrical conductivity, and length, width, and fresh and dry weight of cladodes were measured. A nested scheme design was used, with three levels of ploidy and three cultivars within each level. The ploidy level positively influenced the number of seeds per fruit and the physiological quality of the seeds. Cultivars behave differently within the same ploidy level.

Extended therapy is an alternative approach to treat nonresponsive staphylococcal mastitis, although has been used mainly in adult cows. This study investigated the efficacy of intramammary ceftiofur in the treatment of staphylococcal subclinical mastitis in heifers. Sixty heifers Holstein were divided into four groups (G1 = Group negative to staphylococci infection, G2 = positive to staphylococci infection untreated Group, G3 = Group treated early lactation, G4 = treated late lactation group) with milk samples collected at five moments (M0 = diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, M1 = 7 days after diagnosis of subclinical mastitis and early extended therapy, M2 = 14 after the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, M3 = 21 days after diagnosis of mastitis) and M4 = 28 days after diagnosis of mastitis). In the two groups G3 and G4, treated with intramammary ceftiofur, the microbiological cure was evidenced by a reduction in SCC 73.3% and 46.7%, respectively. Thus, in the treated groups (G3 + G4) and untreated (G2), cure rates were respectively 60.00% and 26.66% (P

As corridas de rua possuem boa aderência por seu caráter recreacional e de performance. A facilidade de acesso a modalidade e seu baixo custo entre outros fatores pode estar relacionados á sua popularização. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos dos educativos de corrida e Treinamento Pliométrico em variáveis que influenciam no desempenho da corrida, tais como: composição corporal, força, distância percorrida e acúmulo de lactato sanguí­neo. A população do estudo foi derivada de um grupo de 20 corredores (n=9) mulheres e (n=11), entre 33 a 58 anos, aleatorizados em dois grupos experimentais (GCCE), (GEPC) e controle (GCC). Todas as variáveis (sociodemográficas antropométricas, força muscular, desempenho (m) e lactato sanguí­neo) foram realizadas nos próprios locais de intervenções, sendo a força muscular analisada por meio do salto vertical e horizontal, desempenho por meio do teste de Cooper 12 minutos e lactato por punção). Foram utilizadas análises descritivas, médias e desvios padrões, sendo as comparações de grupos a partir do Teste t de Student, com tamanho do efeito por meio do Teste d de Cohen. Os exercí­cios pliométricos combinados com corridas (GEPC) aumentaram os incrementos para salto vertical, desempenhos na corrida (m) e reduções do lactato sanguí­neo. Já o protocolo de corrida mais educativos (GCCE) favoreceram o salto vertical e decréscimos nos ní­veis de acidoses musculares.

The present study aimed to make and compare the physicochemical and sensory aspects of milk butter and clarified butter from the milk of Girolando cows. The milk was hygienically collected, creamed and had its fat standardized, after that there was the production of milk butter and clarified butter, according to official methodologies, or according to traditional methods of the region. Fat percentage values were 80.50% in cream, 71.55% in milk butter and 97.33% in clarified butter. The protein content was 0.99% in sour cream, 0.75% in butter and 0.72% in clarified butter. We demonstrated that the technological process involved in the production of clarified butter reduces the protein content in the final product, but rises the fat content. The sensory analysis of the butter allowed identifying 19 unimportant attributes for the consumer, but it was possible to demonstrate the discriminatory capacity of consumers, with the difference (p

Innovative technologies for digital design and manufacture have spread with globalization, providing improved working tools and processes for architecture. These technologies open up different professional opportunities, forging alternative relations with society, especially for new generations and emerging countries. This article reflects on novel collaborative experiences between Ibero-American Universities, accounting for the intensive use of digital technologies in architecture. To bridge technological gaps, the authors describe collaborative efforts to produce full-size constructions, using networking, which results in a hybridization of these “new media” adapted to local and cultural contexts. These initiatives arise from an attempt to overcome the lack of resources at local Universities and their rigid institutional processes, along with their concerns about promoting global connectivity for new generations, leading to informal and collective actions that break with traditional teaching, applying advanced techniques in unseen collective and creative processes. These experiences reveal an architectural work distributed among all the participants that collaborate in the conceptualization, programming, management, and execution of the design, with diverse hybrid practices, and a powerful collective synergy. This also results in new expanded proposals that unfold new relationships with the environment and the community. Thus, these actions tend, by themselves, to integrate and project new horizons in architectural collaboration. This article aims at mapping these spatial-temporal actions in Architecture from the global south (Santos 2014).

Bottom depth (H) of optically shallow waters can be retrieved from multiband imagery, where remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) are commonly used as the input. Because of the difficulties of removing the atmospheric effects in coastal areas, quite often, there are no valid Rrs from satellites for the retrieval of H. More importantly, the empirical algorithms for H are hardly portable to new measurements. In this study, using data from Landsat-8 and ICESat-2 as examples, we present an approach to retrieve H directly from the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) data. It not only bypasses the requirement to correct the effects of aerosols but also shows promising portability to areas not included in algorithm development. Specifically, we use Rayleigh-corrected TOA reflectance (ρrc) in the 443–2300 nm range as input, along with a multilayer perceptron (MLPHρrc), for the retrieval of H. More than 78,000 matchup points of ρrc and H (0–25 m) were used to train MLPHρrc, which resulted in a Mean Absolute Percentage Difference (MARD) of 8.8% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96. This MLPHρrc was further applied to Landsat-8 data of six regions not included in the training phase, generating MARD and R2 values of 8.3% and 0.98, respectively. In contrast, a conventional two-band ratio algorithm with Rrs as the input generated MARD and R2 values of 31.6% and 0.68 and significantly fewer H retrievals due to failures in atmospheric correction. These results indicate a breakthrough of algorithm portability of MLPHρrc in sensing H of optically shallow waters.

No Brasil, o Futsal quando comparado com outras modalidades esportivas coletivas, é um dos esportes mais praticados no âmbito escolar, principalmente pelos adolescentes, porém, durante a partida diversas ações físicas e motoras exigem que os seus praticantes tenham um certo nível de aptidão física. Diante disto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição corporal e os níveis de aptidão física de escolares praticantes de Futsal em relação aos índices sugeridos pelo Projeto Esportivo Brasil (PROESP-BR) comparando-os com outros estudos que também analisaram os níveis de aptidão física de jovens praticantes de futsal. A amostra foi composta por 18 adolescentes do sexo masculino com idade entre 12 e 14 anos (13 ± 0,8 anos) matriculados numa escola pública da cidade de Neópolis-SE. Para a obtenção dos dados foi utilizada a bateria de medidas e testes referentes ao PROESP-BR. Foram coletados peso e altura para cálculo do IMC. Para as variáveis da aptidão física foram analisadas o IMC e a flexibilidade. Os resultados foram analisados e comparados com os dados oferecidos pelo PROESP-BR. Os dados também foram comparados a estudos que também analisaram os níveis de aptidão física de jovens praticantes de futsal. Conclui-se que durante uma preparação de equipes escolares de futsal, mesmo que os alunos/atletas já estejam com bons níveis dos componentes da aptidão física relacionada a saúde, os treinamentos sistematizados de modalidades esportivas oferecem a possibilidade para que estes níveis sejam otimizados, elevando a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar dos praticantes.

Brazil is world leader in the production of sugarcane, crop that is grown in several regions of the country and responsible for the generation of sugar and ethanol. However, maintaining high productivity in the field requires that productive areas are increasingly equipped with innovative solutions that provide increased efficiency in crop management. The main focus of agricultural systematization is using georeferencing and geoprocessing to make more efficient the trafficability of agricultural machines and increase the productive area, reducing the costs with field operations and the risks of failures in cultures caused by trampling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational efficiency of autopilot on trafficability and reduction of trampling into a sugarcane harvesters cultivated area. Efficiency tests were carried out in an area cultivated with sugarcane divided between two treatments, using the autopilot with satellite navigation coupled in the harvester and in the other area, the harvester maintained the common working method (without use of automatic pilot). The data generated by the equipment were collected and the parameters of fuel consumption, operational time, production harvested and harvest losses were evaluated, compared and interpreted through multivariate statistical analysis. The results of this study indicated that the treatment using harvester with autopilot, there was significant field harvest efficiency (7.6 Mg h-1) and a reduction in fuel consumption (on average 10%) when compared to the harvester without autopilot.

ABSTRACT Many infants are nurtured with milk supplied by human banks, whose bacteriological and physical-chemical profiles are a major issue. We investigated the bacteriological and physical-chemical characteristics, as well as genotypic and phenotypic and profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from 240 samples of breast milk from a bank in a teaching hospital. Dornic acidity of milk revealed that 95.4% (229/240) had acceptable limits (< 8.0 oD). Caloric intake showed a wide variation in cream content (4%), fat (4%) and energy values (559.81 Kcal/L). Staphylococcus (105/186 or 56.5%) and Enterobacter (25/186 or 13.4%) were the most prevalent genera, although other microorganisms were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (125/157 or 79.6%), vancomycin (115/157 or 73.2%), and cephalexin (112/157 or 71.3%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High resistance rates of isolates were found to penicillin G (141/157 or 89.8%), ampicillin (135/157 or 86%), and oxacillin (118/157 or 75.2%). Multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobials occurred in 66.2% (123/186) of the isolates. Residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances were found in 85% (204/240) of samples. Among the coagulase-positive-CPS and negative-CoNS staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected in 53.3% (8/15) and 75% (30/40), respectively. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 20% (3/15) of CPS, while tsst-1 was detected in 13.34% (2/15). In addition, 13.3% (2/15) of S. aureus were toxin-producers. Genes sea, seb and sec were detected in 90% (36/40), 5% (2/40) and 15% (6/40) CoNS, respectively. Enterotoxin production was identified in 5% (2/40) of CoNS. The identification of multidrug-resistant bacteria, staphylococci species toxin-producers harboring methicillin-resistance genes, and residues of microbial multiplication inhibitory substances reinforce the need for a continuous vigilance of milk quality offered to infant consumption by human banks.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência do fenótipo Cintura Hipertrigliceridêmica e suas associações com os níveis de atividade física, estado nutricional e perfil lipídico de escolares da rede pública de ensino. Os 448 escolares com idade entre 10 e 18 anos foram analisados pela massa corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência de cintura, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, colesterol não HDL, glicemia em jejum e tempo de atividade física semanal. Os resultados evidenciaram uma alta prevalência do fenótipo CHT nos escolares (n = 125; 27,9%). O grupo diagnosticado com fenótipo apresentou maior massa corporal, IMC, colesterol total, LDL-C e colesterol não HDL e menor nível de HDL-C em relação ao grupo sem o diagnóstico do fenótipo. Porém, para medidas de glicemia em jejum e tempo de atividade física os grupos não se diferiram. A análise de associação por meio de regressão logística, mostrou que o fenótipo CHT associou-se com o sexo, estado nutricional e colesterol total, onde os meninos apresentaram 2,0 (IC95%: 1,3 - 3,2); obesos 6,2 (IC95%: 2,7 - 17,2) e níveis de colesterol acima 150 mg/dL 3,5 (IC95%: 2,1 - 5,7) vezes mais chances de terem o fenótipo. Logo, essa pesquisa evidenciou uma alta prevalência de CHT em escolares da rede pública, sendo os meninos, obesos e escolares com níveis de colesterol total inadequado os sujeitos com maiores chances de terem o fenótipo. Todavia, destaca-se a importância do acompanhamento dessas variáveis ao longo do ano em todos os escolares, considerando o período de fortes mudanças pelas quais podem alterar rapidamente os elementos analisados.

ABSTRACT: Etiology, multiple antibiotic resistance index, and acute-phase protein profile in the serum and synovial fluid of 44 horses presenting septic arthritis were investigated. Young animals up to 24 months of age not yet submitted to taming were sampled. Synovial samples from the horses were submitted to culture and bacterial isolates subjected to 18 antimicrobials to investigate the in vitro multidrug resistance pattern. Also, hematological aspects, fibrinogen, and serum levels of some acute-phase proteins (total protein, albumin, globulin, amyloid A, and C-reactive protein) were assessed. To statistical analysis, microbiological isolation were divided into four groups: G1 = animals with negative isolation, G2 = isolation of Gram-negative bacteria, G3 = isolation of Gram-positive bacteria), and G4 = isolation of fungi. Microbial isolation was obtained from 77.2% (32/44) of the synovial samples. Escherichia coli (7/44 = 15.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (5/44 = 11.4%), Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (3/44 = 6.8%), Aspergillus niger (3/44 = 6.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2/44 = 4.5%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (1/44 = 2.3%), Trueperella pyogenes (1/44 = 2.3%), and Rhodococcus equi (1/44 = 2.3%) were prevalent bacterial agents. Aspergillus niger is reported by the first time as a primary agent of septic arthritis in horses. Gentamicin (84.9%), marbofloxacin (79.3%) and ceftriaxone (72.4%) were the most effective antimicrobials, whereas high resistance of the isolates (>50%) was found to erythromycin (75.9%), clarithromycin (75.9%), penicillin (69%), clindamycin (58.6%), and streptomycin (55.2%). Multiple antibiotic resistance index (≥ 0.3) was identified in 50% (16/32) of the isolates, with highest resistance in Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Serum levels of amyloid A, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, globulin, and total protein, as well as the number of nucleated cells in the synovial fluid had values above the reference for horses, reinforcing acute-phase proteins as biomarkers in diagnosis of septic arthritis. We highlighted the diversity of microorganisms that may be involved in equine septic arthritis, the high resistance of bacterial isolates to conventional antimicrobials, the high lethality of young horses with septic arthritis, and importance of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern tests to therapeutic approaches in the disease.

Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of infertility, but its etiology remains poorly understood. Using whole-exome sequencing in a family with three cases of POI, we identified the candidate missense variant S167L in HSF2BP, an essential meiotic gene. Functional analysis of the HSF2BP-S167L variant in mouse showed that it behaves as a hypomorphic allele compared to a new loss-of-function (knock-out) mouse model. Hsf2bpS167L/S167L females show reduced fertility with smaller litter sizes. To obtain mechanistic insights, we identified C19ORF57/BRME1 as a strong interactor and stabilizer of HSF2BP and showed that the BRME1/HSF2BP protein complex co-immunoprecipitates with BRCA2, RAD51, RPA and PALB2. Meiocytes bearing the HSF2BP-S167L variant showed a strongly decreased staining of both HSF2BP and BRME1 at the recombination nodules and a reduced number of the foci formed by the recombinases RAD51/DMC1, thus leading to a lower frequency of crossovers. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of HSF2BP-S167L in human ovarian insufficiency and sub(in)fertility.

A produtividade de milho no Brasil vem aumentando gradativamente, e o armazenamento adequado da produção é uma questão de segurança, sendo assim, quando conduzido adequadamente, a qualidade do produto é preservada e as perdas são evitadas ou minimizadas. Assim, o monitoramento, o controle da temperatura e umidade se torna fundamental. Objetivou-se verificar a qualidade da leitura dos equipamentos utilizados para a determinação do teor de água em grãos de milho em função das épocas de semeadura, e também verificar a correlação existente entre os equipamentos. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão (FEPE), pertencente a UNESP/FCAV em Jaboticabal-SP. O delineamento experimental foi baseado nas premissas básicas do Controle Estatístico de Qualidade - CEQ. Foram avaliadas três áreas experimentais com dois híbridos de milho e com diferentes dias após a semeadura, sendo: área A (híbrido AS1633PRO2 aos 132 DAS), área B (híbrido AS1555RR2 aos 125 DAS) e área C (híbrido AS1633PRO2 aos 150 DAS). A fim de avaliar o teor de água dos grãos, foi empregado o método expedito, por meio de sensores de umidade e o método da estufa. Para o método expedito utilizou-se dois sensores que constam de princípio de medição dielétrica (umidade por capacitância). A maior qualidade de leitura foi no Equipamento 1, e a área C apresentou menor variabilidade, devido aos adequados pontos de maturação fisiológico para a colheita como também ao do teor de água do grão, e também demonstrou média superior de produtividade. Os equipamentos 3 e 1 tiveram melhor correlação nas avaliações, devido a calibração do equipamento 1 ter apresentado leituras próximas ao do método padrão (Equipamento 3).

The project intends to reflect over aspects of João Cabral de Melo Neto’s poetry based on his poems about bullfighting, chiefly those that have references to Manolete, a bullfighter with whom Cabral acknowledges he has esthetic and personal affinities, in verses and declarations. Matters such as the contention of the poetic word and the cabralian antilyricism will be approached by taking into perspective the performative character and the tense and precarious condition of an artistic doing that one wants in the extreme, such as that of the bullfighters, with the awareness of the risks that this choice represents.

We report the case of a 70-year-old patient who developed an extensive skin defect in the anterior chest wall after undergoing myocardial revascularization and postoperative mediastinitis. Owing to the impossibility of using cutaneous and muscular flaps on the region, we performed the reconstruction with an omentum flap based on the left gastroepiploic artery and meshed skin graft.

Reviewed book: BATAILLE, Georges. Poemas. Tradução Alexandre Rodrigues da Costa, Vera Casa Nova. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG, 2015. (Coleção Fora de Série). --- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n22a390

A cultura de cana-de-açúcar é uma das mais importantes do mundo, por ser a principal matéria-prima para a fabricação do açúcar e etanol, gerando inúmeros empregos diretos e indiretos. Entretanto, o sistema produtivo ocupa extensas áreas contíguas, isolando e/ou suprimindo as reservas de matas nativas e áreas de nascentes e mananciais. Objetivou-se, nesse estudo, avaliar a água das nascentes de uma microbacia hidrográfica e observar as diferenças que ocorrem quando as áreas de nascentes estão envoltas por mata nativa (Área de Proteção Permanente - APP) e quando estas não estão. Para tanto foram selecionadas sete microbacias de primeira ordem de magnitude com nascentes (três com mata nativa no entorno da nascente; três sem mata nativa no seu entorno e uma com a nascente represada), apresentando a montante áreas com sistema produtivo de cana-de-açúcar. Realizaram-se as coletas de água mensalmente durante o período de um ano. Foram avaliados os parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, que servem como indicadores ambientais, in loco e em laboratórios específicos. O uso/ocupação do solo foi observado durante os meses de coleta na área. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a água da rede de drenagem das nascentes protegidas por mata ciliar apresentaram menor variabilidade nos dados em relação as nascentes não protegidas.

O presente artigo tem por escopo resgatar, através do recurso à história, os principais elementos que nos permitem dizer como se caracteriza o trabalho escravo contemporâneo no Brasil, de forma a auxiliar na compreensão de suas especificidades sem adotar um conceito estático, privilegiando o dinamismo da expressão para adequá-la a novas formas de sobre-exploração que tenham algo em comum com aquelas em cujo contexto a expressão foi cunhada. O problema de pesquisa é identificar as especificidades do trabalho escravo contemporâneo no Brasil a partir de seu reconhecimento e de seu enfrentamento. O procedimento investigativo é descritivo-explicativo do tipo documental-bibliográfico.

Objetivou-se avaliar prevalência de cistos ovarianos em vacas leiteiras de alta produção, no pós-parto, submetidas ao regime de dieta total em três sistemas diferentes: Compost Barn, Free Stall e confinamento a céu aberto no sudoeste do estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 1600 vacas, HPB, de sete rebanhos, das quais 792 (49,5%) estavam vazias e com atraso nos protocolos reprodutivos. Ao exame ultrassonográfico o escore ovariano foi classificado em: Grau 1 (61,4%), Grau 2 (18,1%), Grau 3 (4,0%) e Cistos Ovarianos (16,5%). Quanto ao sistema de produção as prevalências de cistos foram: 16% no Free Stall, 17,2% no Compost Barn e 16,2% no confinamento a céu aberto, diferenças somente numéricas, mas não significativas estatisticamente. 84,7% (n=131) dos animais estavam em anestro, na presença do diagnóstico cisto folicular. 67,7% desses animais, situavam-se entre 60 a 180 dias pós-parto. Divididos em 27,5% entre 60 e 90 dias, 24,5% entre 91 e 120 dias, 15,5% entre 121 e 150 dias e 32,5% entre 151 e 500. A prevalência dos cistos em função do número de lactações foi: 29,8% na primeira, 26,7% na segunda, 24,4% na terceira, 5,3% na quarta, 4,6% na quinta e 9,2% na sexta, resultados estatísticos significativos para maior ocorrência de cistos nas três primeiras lactações. Quanto ao escore de condição corporal 62,6% das vacas com cisto ovariano mostraram-se com escore entre 2,0 a 2,5, 25,2% entre 2,6 a 3,0 e 12,2% entre 3,1 a 4,0, resultados significativos, e a chance de vacas em balanço energético negativo desenvolverem cistos foi 5,1 vezes maior, quando comparadas com animais em escore corporal ideal. Os cistos foliculares apresentam-se com elevada casuística em vacas de alta produção leite, impactando em subfertilidade e prejuízos importantes na pecuária leiteira mundial, assim, faz-se necessário outros estudos visando o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas mais eficazes no controle deste quadro.

The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates meiotic recombination in yeast through its association with the synaptonemal complex, a 'zipper'-like structure that holds homologous chromosome pairs in synapsis during meiotic prophase I. In mammals, the proteasome activator subunit PA200 targets acetylated histones for degradation during somatic DNA double strand break repair and during histone replacement during spermiogenesis. We investigated the role of the testis-specific proteasomal subunit α4s (PSMA8) during spermatogenesis, and found that PSMA8 was localized to and dependent on the central region of the synaptonemal complex. Accordingly, synapsis-deficient mice show delocalization of PSMA8. Moreover, though Psma8-deficient mice are proficient in meiotic homologous recombination, there are alterations in the proteostasis of several key meiotic players that, in addition to the known substrate acetylated histones, have been shown by a proteomic approach to interact with PSMA8, such as SYCP3, SYCP1, CDK1 and TRIP13. These alterations lead to an accumulation of spermatocytes in metaphase I and II which either enter massively into apoptosis or give rise to a low number of aberrant round spermatids that apoptose before histone replacement takes place.

ABSTRACT: Family Tayassuidae in the suborder Suina include two species of peccaries in Brazil: the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). These animals share common pathogens with domestic swine (Sus scrofa); however, their role as potential carrier remains unclear. This study focused on detecting the prevalence of influenza A antibodies in Tayassu pecari and Pecari tajacu from commercial rearing farms from two states in Brazil. A set of 50 blood samples from Pecari tajacu and 55 from Tayassu pecari were analyzed using a commercial indirect ELISA in order to investigate anti influenza A antibodies. Pecari tajacu samples presented 22% (11/50) of seropositivity for the virus. Serological surveillance is an important tool to identify the presence and the spread of the influenza virus in feral pigs.

This study evaluates and compares the suitability for child–computer interaction (CCI, the branch within human–computer interaction focused on interactive computer systems for children) of two devices: a standard computer mouse and the ENLAZA interface, a head mouse that measures the user’s head posture using an inertial sensor. A multidirectional pointing task was used to assess the motor performance and the users’ ability to learn such a task. The evaluation was based on the interpretation of the metrics derived from Fitts’ law. Ten children aged between 6 and 8 participated in this study. Participants performed a series of pre- and post-training tests for both input devices. After the experiments, data were analyzed and statistically compared. The results show that Fitts’ law can be used to detect changes in the learning process and assess the level of psychomotor development (by comparing the performance of adults and children). In addition, meaningful differences between the fine motor control (hand) and the gross motor control (head) were found by comparing the results of the interaction using the two devices. These findings suggest that Fitts’ law metrics offer a reliable and objective way of measuring the progress of physical training or therapy.

This paper aims to explain and analyze the importance of the civil liability under labour law with particular emphasis on the application of the doctrine of "punitive damages" as a breakthrough for the development of Brazilian law in the field of solutions to real problems to the fundamental rights at work. The problem of the research is to identify the application of the doctrine of "punitive damages", its justification under the system of civil liability and, in particular, its applicability as a defense mechanism for fundamental rights at work. The research is descriptive and explanatory, documentary-bibliographical.

This paper aims to explain and analyze, from the perspective of the material and effective dimensions of fundamental social rights, questions that concern the relevance of security and trust for the social pact and, as a consequence, to the non-regression in the fundamental social rights in general and in the social security in particular. It reveals that, while the retrogression is not absolute, retrogression must be fully justified. The research is descriptive and explanatory, documentary-bibliographical.

From the point of view of international law, what we are seeking in this paper is to expose some of the premises for a (new) approach to fundamental social rights. If we think about the absolute supremacy of human life, a life that, to be understood as such, must be a life lived with dignity, we have to think about life from a material point of view and, therefore, in a priority status to the so-called «social» rights, since social rights (economic, social and cultural) address issues as basic to life and human dignity as food, health, shelter, work, education and water. With this understanding, it becomes very clear that the materiality of human dignity rests on the so-called «existential minimum», the hard kernel of social rights, in such a way that social rights are genuine (true) fundamental human rights. Recognition of social rights cannot be, therefore, a mere listing of good intentions on the part of the state. Social rights are fundamental rights, which are for all men, can be exercised by everyone and are essential to life and human dignity. What we are seeking in this paper, then, is to shed light on the understanding that social rights are fundamental human rights in international law.

ABSTRACT Background: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DMRA) is frequent and may be associated with abdominal wall hernias. For patients with redudant skin, dermolipectomy and plication of the diastasis is the most commonly used procedure. However, there is a significant group of patients who do not require skin resection or do not want large incisions. Aim: To describe a “new” technique (subcutaneous onlay laparoscopic approach - SCOLA) for the correction of ventral hernias combined with the DMRA plication and to report the initial results of a case series. Method: SCOLA was applied in 48 patients to correct ventral hernia concomitant to plication of DMRA by pre-aponeurotic endoscopic technique. Results: The mean operative time was 93.5 min. There were no intra-operative complications and no conversion. Seroma was the most frequent complication (n=13, 27%). Only one (2%) had surgical wound infection. After a median follow-up of eight months (2-19), only one (2%) patient presented recurrence of DMRA and one (2%) subcutaneous tissue retraction/fibrosis. Forty-five (93.7%) patients reported being satisfied with outcome. Conclusion: The SCOLA technique is a safe, reproducible and effective alternative for patients with abdominal wall hernia associated with DMRA.

Este trabalho investiga os usos de get nos contextos em que o verbo é seguido de sintagmas nominais com a finalidade geral de apresentar um mapeamento das construções em que esse predicado pode ocorrer. A pesquisa adota a perspectiva metodológica da Linguística de Corpus (McENERY; WILSON, 1996), para a seleção e extração de dados da língua em uso por meio da utilização de um corpus de inglês americano (Corpus of Contemporary American English - COCA) e o embasamento teórico adota a perspectiva da Gramática de Construções Cognitiva (GOLDBERG, 1995; 2006) para a análise e classificação dos dados em construções. Mais especificamente, o referido mapeamento construcional tem como objetivo descrever o comportamento linguístico de get em dois níveis de análise, a saber: (1) No nível construcional, ao salientar as principais características sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas dos contextos gramaticais em que o verbo ocorre e; (2) No nível lexical, ao focalizar e discutir os principais fraseologismos nucleados por get.