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In order to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), the apparent coefficients of metabolization (ACM) of gross energy and the ACM corrected for nitrogen balance (ACMn), an experiment was conducted to evaluate five different plant foods (corn, soybean meal, deactivated full-fat soybean, wheat bran and soybean oil) for broilers at different ages (1-8, 11-18, 21-28, 31-38 and 41-48 days). The method of total excreta collection was used, divided into five metabolism assays. The birds were housed in metabolic cages in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and five replicates per treatment, totaling 25 experimental units. The AME and AMEn values increased with the age of the birds for most foods, except soybean meal. The smaller AMC and AMCn of gross energy were obtained for wheat bran. There was adjustment of the equation to the linear response plateau model for the ACM of corn, soybean meal and deactivated full-fat soybean. The wheat bran and soybean oil were adjusted to the linear regression model. The equations show that the digestibility of energy tends to increase with age, except for soybean meal, which had higher metabolization with younger birds. We conclude that the age of the birds influences the determination of the metabolizable energy of feed.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), os valores de EMA corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade aparente (CMA) da energia bruta e os CMA corrigidos para o balanço de nitrogênio (CMAn) de cinco diferentes alimentos de origem vegetal (milho, farelo de soja, soja integral desativada, farelo de trigo e óleo de soja) com frangos de corte em diferentes idades (1 a 8, 11 a 18, 21 a 28, 31 a 38 e 41 a 48 dias). Foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas. Os frangos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições cada, totalizando 25 unidades experimentais. Os valores de EMA e EMAn aumentaram com a idade das aves para a maioria dos alimentos, exceto para o farelo de soja. O menor CMA e CMAn da energia bruta foi obtido com o farelo de trigo. Houve ajuste das equações ao modelo LRP para o CMA do milho, farelo de soja e soja integral desativada. O farelo de trigo e o óleo de soja se ajustaram ao modelo de regressão linear. As equações demonstram que a metabolizabilidade da energia tende a aumentar com a idade, com exceção do farelo de soja, que teve maior metabolizabilidade com aves mais jovens. Conclui-se que a idade das aves influencia na determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável dos alimentos.

The objective of this study was to determine the bromatological composition and evaluate methodological modifications for determination of sunflower meal (SM) energetic values and digestible aminoacids profile for poultry. Sunflower meal samples were analyzed to determine the bromatological composition. The energetic values were obtained by total feces collection method using growth male broilers, submitted to five diets containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement of SM in a reference diet with four replicates. To determine the digestibility coefficients of aminoacids and evaluate diferente determination methods, another experiment was conducted using the technique of forced feeding cecectomized roosters distributed into three treatments with six replicates. The treatments consisted in supplying 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 12 hours (control), 30 g of SM divided into two intubations of 15 g every 24 hours and 15 g of SM supplied in a single intubation. The chemical composition determined was: 89.51% DM, 36.46% CP, 4294 kcal.kg-1 GE, 1.31% CF, 6.15% MM, 1.15% P, 0.33% Ca; 35.32% NDF and 22.30% ADF. The estimated value of the energetic variables was affected by the SM inclusion level in the reference ration, and the 10% level tends to overestimate the values, which presents stability from near levels of 20%. The SM aminoacids digestibility coefficient is influenced by the methodology used in its determination regarding to the level of inclusion for lysine, methionine, threonine, arginine, leucine and isoleucine. In relation of period between dosis intake, there was no difference between 12 and 24 hours.

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the bioavailability of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methyl) butanoic acid (DL-HMBA) and a polyherbal ingredient (PHI) in relation to DL-methionine (DLM) on broilers. Nine hundred male broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 strain were fed from 22 to 42 days of age either a basal diet without industrial methionine supplementation or the basal diet supplemented with DL-HMBA at one of three levels (0.143, 0.286 and 0.429%) or DLM at one of three levels (0.093, 0.186 and 0.279%, each of which is 65% of the respective DL-HMBA level by weight) or PHI at one of the same three levels used for DLM (0.093, 0.186 and 0.279%). The weight gain, feed conversion ratio and relative weights of breast and abdominal fat were improved over that of basal diet-fed broilers by the addition of DL-HMBA and DLM to the diet. A simultaneous exponential regression analysis revealed that the relative bioavailability values for DL-HMBA and PHI were 52% and 5% of that of DLM, respectively, for weight gain, and 57% and 4%, respectively, for feed conversion ratio. Concerning breast meat yield, a simultaneous linear regression analysis (slope ratio) showed that the relative bioavailability for DL-HMBA was 65% of that of DLM. Considering all studied parameters together, the relative bioavailability values for DL-HMBA and PHI are 58% and 4.5% of that of DLM on a product basis.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of broilers in 1-7 and 8-21 days of age, using metabolizable energy values of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil previously determined for each phase in another metabolism trial. Two trails were conducted, divided into phases according to ages: pre-starter (1-7 days) and starter (8-21 days). At each trial were used 924 broiler chicken randomly distributed into 42 experimental units in a completely randomized design with six treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of five diets using the values of apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance of corn, soybean meal and soybean oil determined in different metabolism trials, and one diet with the metabolizable energy values of these same ingredients, published on the literature. At the end of each stage, the animals and feed leftover were weighted to determine feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Diets with higher soybean oil inclusion, showed superior performance at different stages. At pre-starter only feed conversion ratio was significant (P

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a utilização de tanino de acácia como adsorvente de metais tóxicos em dietas de frangos de corte alimentados com inclusão da farinha de mexilhão dourado em substituição ao calcário calcítico. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 648 animais, machos, de 21 dias de idade divididos em seis tratamentos e seis repetições, com 18 aves por unidade experimental, organizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC). Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dietas com níveis de tanino de acácia (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 g ton-1). Os resultados apontaram que o nível de 250 g ton-1 de tanino não foi prejudicial para ganho de peso, peso final e conversão alimentar. Os níveis de tanino provocam diminuição no rendimento de carcaça, deposição de gordura e aumento no tamanho do fígado. Para o segundo ensaio foram utilizados 900 frangos de corte machos de 21 dias de idade distribuídos em DIC, com níveis de substituição de calcário calcítico pela farinha de mexilhão dourado (0; 25; 50; 75; 100%) e suplementação ou não com tanino de acácia (250 g ton-1) e 5 repetições, sendo as unidades experimentais compostas por 18 aves. Os dados de desempenho demonstram que, a utilização de 250 g ton-1 de tanino é prejudicial para o desempenho e resistência óssea e a utilização do mexilhão pode ser realizada em até 100% em substituição ao calcário das dietas sem afetar as variáveis estudadas.

RESUMO Foram utilizados 1200 pintos da linhagem Label Rouge, com peso médio inicial de 41,0 ± 0,55 g, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, (com e sem acidificante X 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de silagem de grãos úmidos de milho - SGUM). Foram determinados o ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR), conversão alimentar (CA), além da análise morfométrica e de microbiota intestinal, rendimento de carcaça e de cortes. De 1 a 63 dias, houve efeito quadrático (P

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pela retenção de nitrogênio (EMAn) e seus respectivos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade (CMA e CMAn) de diferentes alimentos para frangos de corte provenientes da região oeste do Estado do Paraná. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia de Aves da UNIOESTE. Foram utilizados 260 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb 500, com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com doze tratamentos, quatro repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os ingredientes estudados foram dez diferentes farelos de trigo, um triticale, um trigo grão e uma ração referência. Foram determinados valores de matéria seca, nitrogênio, energia bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, matéria mineral, cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio e magnésio e o valor do diâmetro geométrico médio. Para determinação dos valores de EMA e EMAn foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas com aves em crescimento. A composição química dos alimentos estudados apresentaram variações. Os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 1819 a 2958 e 1734 a 2882 kcal/kg, respectivamente. De acordo com os valores energéticos e energia bruta, foram calculados os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade, valores estes que variaram de 43,26 a 75,24% para CMA e de 42,28 a 73,31% para CMAn.

The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) and their respective metabolization coefficients (CME and CMEn) of crude glycerin were determined utilizing the total excreta collection method with broiler chickens at different ages. A randomized complete design was used, with six treatments, six replications and ten, five and four birds per experimental unit in the periods from 11 to 20 days, from 21 to 30 days and from 31 to 40 days of age, respectively. The test food replaced the reference diet in 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15% and the experimental period lasted ten days, five of which for adaptation and five for total collection. The AME and AMEn values in the phase from 11 to 20 days ranged from 2723 to 3817 and from 2672 to 3666 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 21 to 30 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3723 to 3982 and from 3555 to 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 31 to 40 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3029 to 4143 and from 2975 to 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectively. The values of CME and CMEn linearly decreased from 11 to 20 days of age, ranging from 87.39 to 62.90 and 84.41 to 61.53%, respectively. During the phase from 21 to 30 days the coefficients also linearly decreased, ranging from 91.70 to 84.30 for CME and from 90.80 to 81.40% for CMEn. In contrast, during the phase from 31 to 40 days, the coefficients linearly increased, values ranging from 95.39 to 69.76 for CME and from 93.21 to 68.51% for CMEn. The crude glycerin can be used as an energy source in broiler diets, because it has high levels of metabolizable energy. However, the values of AME and AMEn and the metabolization coefficients of crude glycerin vary according to the levels in the reference diet and age of the birds.

There are several ingredients that can replace those commonly used in the manufacture of animal ration in order to reduce production costs, as tilapia by products meal. However, as byproducts, more studies should be done to achieve the exact effects over the final product. An experiment was carried out aiming at evaluate the effects of the inclusion of five different levels (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) byproducts meal (TM) on poultry diets on carcass yield and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken meat. 480 one day old chicks, Cobb strain, were used to set the experiment with five treatments arranged in completely randomized design, with six replicates, and 16 birds per experimental unit. At the end of the experiment (42 days), the carcass yield parameters, breasts, drumsticks, thighs, wings, relative weight of the liver, and percent of abdominal fat were evaluated. A sensorial test of the meat was performed by 45 non-trained testers. The samples were evaluated using a structured hedonic scale, comprising nine steps to characterize the following senses: aroma, flavor, color, texture and whole quality. The addition of 8% TM to the diet fed to broiler chickens during total rearing period (1 to 42 days) is feasible without altering yield and sensorial quality of the meat.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a composição bromatológica, energética e a digestibilidade ileal de aminoácidos do resíduo seco de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS), além de avaliar o efeito da utilização desse resíduo sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas 48 aves Cobb, machos, com 21 dias de idade e peso médio de 932 g ± 45 g, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com dois tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro aves por unidade experimental. No segundo (digestibilidade dos aminoácidos), foram utilizados 12 galos Leghorn cecectomizados, com peso médio de 1.912,1 ± 133,73 g, distribuídos em DIC, com um alimento teste (DDGS), seis repetições e um galo por unidade experimental. Finalmente, foi avaliado o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb Slow, dos 22 aos 42 dias, sendo utilizados 900 frangos, com peso inicial de 972,50 ± 25,79 g, distribuídos em DIC, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, totalizando 10 tratamentos (macho e fêmea X 0; 5; 10; 15 e 20% de inclusão de DDGS), com cinco repetições por tratamento. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) foram de 2.461 e 2.282 kcal kg-1, respectivamente. Níveis de 5 a 20% de inclusão de DDGS nas rações promovem queda no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte, machos e fêmeas, além de maior deposição de gordura abdominal nas fêmeas.