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Plant biotechnology has become a viable strategy for agriculture, its applications include strategies aimed at obtaining and maintaining pathogen-free cultivars, genetic improvement (anther cultivation, embryo rescue, etc.) and micropropagation, used to obtain a greater number of individuals in less time and reduced spaces. Each of its phases depends largely on an adequate culture medium, since the growth, development and morphogenesis of the explant is mainly due to its chemical composition. For the production of garlic "seed" (Allium sativum L.), all phases are carried out in a growth chamber under automatically controlled aseptic and artificial conditions and at a temperature ranging between 22-25 °C. Somatic embryogenesis allows complete plants to be regenerated from a single cell. Garlic is an annual plant that only reproduces asexually, which is why bacteria, fungi and mainly viruses, which contribute to a 50-80 % decrease in its yield, affect it. An alternative to avoid these problems is the use of chemotherapy, thermotherapy or the combined use of one of these techniques with the cultivation of meristems, to obtain plants of high biological quality. Depending on the behavior of the culture during its in vitro stage, its response will be in the acclimatization phase and later in field conditions. This work was carried out with the objective of deepening the knowledge of some biotechnological techniques that are applied in the cultivation of garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los oligogalacturónidos son sustancias que regulan el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las plantas y estimulan las respuestas defensivas; sin embargo, no existe información acerca de los efectos que estos compuestos ejercen cuando las plántulas in vitro de Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners) se transfieren a las condiciones ex vitro, por lo que se llevó a cabo un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia de un oligogalacturonido de origen péctico (mOLG) en las plántulas de Lisianthus cultivar 'Mariachi blue' durante la fase de aclimatización. Los tratamientos consistieron en la aspersión foliar de las plántulas en el momento del trasplante y 15 días después del mismo, a razón de 2 mgL-1 de AIA; 1, 5 y 10 mgL-1 de la mOLG y se utilizó un tratamiento control en el que no se realizó aspersión foliar. Se evaluaron variables morfológicas: altura y número de hojas por planta y, fisiológicas: masa fresca y seca de la planta, contenido relativo de agua (CRA) y fotosíntesis. El experimento se realizó mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticiones. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA simple y las medias entre los tratamientos se procesaron mediante la prueba de Tukey (p=0,05). Las plántulas asperjadas con la mOLG (1 mgL-1), alcanzaron la mayor altura (9,37 cm), el número de hojas osciló entre 9-10 y las que se trataron con la mOLG (10 mgL-1), presentaron mayor masa fresca; sin embargo, las plántulas tratadas con la mOLG (1 mgL-1), alcanzaron mayor masa seca (0,209845 g), CRA (90,75 %) y, fotosíntesis (12,873 µmol CO2m-2s-1). Existe potencial para el cultivo de esta flor de corte en Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

QuitoMax® is a Cuban biostimulator of growth that could be used to reduce rooting and survival problems in pepper. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of QuitoMax® on the acclimatization of pepper plantlets (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar 'YAMIL'. Plantlets from the in vitro multiplication stage, without roots, were used. Plantlets were soaked in QuitoMax® (1-10 mg L-1) or AIA (2 mg L-1) and sprayed 15 days later with the same concentrations; a control treatment was used in which plantlets were neither soaked nor sprayed. Planting was carried out in polyethurane trays containing a substrate composed of organic matter (cachaça) and eutrophic compacted Red Ferrallitic soil. A completely randomized design was used and the experiment was repeated three times over time. Data were processed using a Simple Ranked Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the comparison between means was performed according to Tukey's test (p>0.05). Treatments 2 [IAA (2 mg L-1)], 3 [QuitoMax® (1 mg L-1)], 4 [QuitoMax® (5 mg L-1)] and 5 [QuitoMax® (10 mg L-1)] achieved survival ranging from 90-100 %. All treatments with QuitoMax® showed the most vigorous plants and those with the greatest height were those with the lowest concentration of the product. The number and length of roots were similar in the treatments with AIA (2 mg L-1) and QuitoMax (1 mg L-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a species of great demand condiment; it is rich in lycopene and antioxidants. 'YAMIL', is a pepper cultivar recently obtained through the Genetic Improvement Program at "Liliana Dimitrova" Horticultural Research Institute in Mayabeque, Cuba, of good performance against the effects of climate change and phytopathogenic diseases. This work was aimed to evaluate the effect of QuitoMax® at in vitro propagation and acclimatization phases on seedlings of 'YAMIL' pepper cultivar. During the in vitro phase, the growth biostimulator was applied at different concentrations (1-10 mg/L) alone or in combination with 6-BAP (2 mg/L). At acclimatization, plantlets' roots were embedded in this product and 15 days after planting they were sprayed at the same concentrations. In this phase the same procedure was carried out with indole acetic acid (IAA; 2 mg/L). A completely randomized design was used, data were processed by simple ANOVA and the means were differentiated using the Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). A good response of explants was demonstrated using this growth biostimulator, regardless the concentration used. Best results were attained with basal culture medium MS supplemented with 1 mg/L QuitoMax®. In the acclimatization phase, best results were obtained when the roots were immersed and subsequently sprayed with QuitoMax® (1 mg/L) at the same concentration as in the in vitro phase. The use of QuitoMax® both in vitro and in the acclimatization phase favored the different variables evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Department of Genetics and Plant Improvement of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, an experiment was carried out with pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivating 'YAMIL', in which different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite were compared ( NaOCl) [1.25; 2.5 and 5 %] and disinfection times (one, three and five minutes) of the pepper seeds cultivate 'YAMIL' for later implantation in vitro, in two culture media, which contained the salts of the basal culture medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS), supplemented with sucrose (15 and 30 g L-1), in order to determine the best treatment and disinfection time of the seeds of this pepper cultivar. The results obtained in this work indicated that 100% of the seeds were disinfected with 2.5 % NaOCl for three minutes or 5 % for three minutes. 100 % of the seeds germinated and the highest seedling height (5.84 cm), as well as the number of roots per seedling (5.15) and their vigor, showed the best results with the use of NaOCl (5 %) for one minute and the use of the culture medium MS supplemented with sucrose (30 g L-1) that were statistically superior to the control treatments. From the results obtained, a disinfection methodology is obtained for the in vitro implantation of the 'YAMIL' cultivar pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]