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The clinical and microbiological characteristics of pleuro-pulmonary infection (PPI) caused by Streptococcus intermedius is described, including 6 cases in the literature and 9 cases handled at the present centre. Out of the 15 patients, 12 were male; mean age at diagnosis was 62.06 ± 15 years. Twelve had risk factors for S. intermedius infection such as alcoholism in 5 (35.7%) patients, periodontal disease in 3 (24.6%) cases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 3 (24.6%), and diabetes mellitus in 2 (14.2%). Cough was present in 12 (80%) patients and chest pain and dyspnea in 9 (60%). The mean diagnosis interval was 34 days. The diagnosis was obtained from pleural fluid aspirate in 13 (86.6%) cases and from biopsy/tissue samples in 2. The most frequently antimicrobials used for treatment were ceftriaxone + levofloxacin. Ten patients cured with a combination of medical and surgical treatment and 2 patients died as a consequence of infection. The incidence of PPI caused by S. intermedius is increasing in our health area; drainage along with antibiotic therapy is recommended for treatment.

Trueperella bernardiae (T.bernardiae) is a gram-positive curved rod that is considered an uncommon pathogen involved in few infections. The true incidence of infections with this bacterium, and the clinical implications, remain unknown. We report 2 cases of wound infections in 2 patients who underwent different surgical procedures, although in the second case the microorganism was isolated in mixed culture. Culture of wound secretions resulted in isolation of T. bernardiae. Treatment was performed and resolution of the infections was documented.

In this work an "in house" rapid test based on the change in pH that is due to hydrolysis for detecting Enterobacteriaceae susceptible to cefotaxime is evaluated. The strains of Enterobacteriaceae from 1947 urine cultures were assessed using MicroScan panels and the "in house" test. This rapid test includes red phenol solution and cefotaxime. Using MicroScan panels, 499 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were evaluated, which included 27 isolates of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), 16 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL and 1 isolate of Klebsiella oxytoca ESBL. The "in house" test offers the following values: sensitivity 98% and specificity 97%, with negative predictive value 100% and positive predictive value 78%. The "in house" test based on the change of pH is useful in our area for detecting presumptively cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains. Yes En este trabajo se evalúa una prueba rápida in house para la detección de enterobacterias sensibles a cefotaxima, basada en el cambio de pH del rojo fenol debido a la hidrólisis de este antibiótico. Las cepas de enterobacterias procedentes de 1.947 urocultivos se evaluaron mediante los paneles MicroScan y esta prueba in house. Mediante los paneles de MicroScan se estudiaron 499 aislados de enterobacterias, entre los cuales había 27 aislados de Escherichia coli productora de β-lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE), 16 de Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE y una de Klebsiella oxytoca BLEE. La prueba in house mostró una sensibilidad del 98% y una especificidad del 97%, con un valor predictivo negativo del 100% y un valor predictivo positivo del 78%. La prueba in house basada en el cambio de pH es útil en nuestro medio para detectar presuntivamente de forma rápida cepas de enterobacterias con cierta resistencia a cefotaxima.

We report a case of posttraumatic skin and soft-tissue infection in a patient with a left thigh wound after a traffic accident. Pseudomonas fulva was isolated from a wound aspirate and was identified to the species level by Maldi-tof. The patient responded to drainage, debridement of wound, and two weeks of intravenous antibiotic therapy. Follow-up after 3 weeks was satisfactory with healthy cover of the injured area.

Las instilaciones intravesicales con la cepa viva atenuada de Mycobacterium bovis han demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de cáncer urotelial de vejiga. Su uso está ampliamente difundido; sin embargo, una reacción adversa infrecuente es la extravasación del bacilo del lugar de acción pudiendo causar infecciones en otras localizaciones. Una correcta anamnesis del paciente ayuda a orientar la etiología de posibles infecciones relacionadas con éste microorganismo. El diagnóstico de laboratorio a nivel de especie es dificultoso ya que comparte un 99,9% de identidad genética con los otros miembros del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que desarrolló una espondilodiscitis tuberculosa por M. bovis BCG, el cual tenía antecedentes de instilaciones intravesicales para el tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga. Intravesical therapy with live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain have demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of recurrent and high-grade superficial bladder tumors. The use of this therapy is widely extended; however spreading of bacillus from the injection site could be one rare complication that may cause infection in different locations. An appropriate anamnesis is very important to establish an etiological diagnostic of possible infections caused by M. bovis BCG. Laboratory diagnosis at species level is difficult because of the high genetic similarity (99.9%) with the other member of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. We present a case report who developed tuberculous spondylodiscitis by M. bovis BCG, which had a history of intravesical instillation for treatment of bladder cancer.

Introduction and objective: Infectious diarrheas are highly frequent and responsible for a major consumption of resources. This study identified the main diarrhea-causing microorganisms in a health area of Granada (Spain) and determined changes in the epidemiologic pattern over a five-year period. Material and method: A retrospective study was conducted based on results obtained in the Microbiology Laboratory of Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves (Granada, Spain). Results: Out of the 25,113 stool microbiological and/or parasitological studies ordered, 2,292 microorganisms were identified in 2,152 samples from 1,892 patients. There was a predominance of bacterial diarrheas (50.1 %), mainly caused by Campylobacter spp. (22.2 %), whose frequency increased significantly during the last two years, and by Salmonella spp. (16.4 %), whose frequency remained stable during the whole study period. We highlight the high frequency of Rotavirus (33.5 %), although a significant decrease was observed during the last two years. Salmonella spp. was more frequently detected during the summer and autumn, Campylobacter spp. during the spring, and Rotavirus during the winter. Viral processes were predominant (53.3 %) in pediatric patients, mainly Rotavirus in under 2-yr-olds, whereas bacterial processes predominated in older children and adults. Diarrhea began at community level in 84.2 % of patients, requiring hospitalization in 25.8 % of cases, and diarrhea was nosocomial in the remaining 15.8 %. Conclusions: During the study period, there was a significant increase in the frequency of diarrhea caused by Campylobacter spp., a significant reduction in the frequency of diarrhea due to Rotavirus, and no change in the frequency of diarrhea due to Salmonella spp., all of which showing a marked seasonal distribution. Introducción y objetivo: las diarreas infecciosas son muy frecuentes y generan un importante consumo de recursos. Se determinaron los principales microorganismos productores de diarrea en un área sanitaria de Granada y la evolución del patrón epidemiológico durante cinco años. Material y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo a partir de los resultados obtenidos durante cinco años en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital Virgen de las Nieves. Resultados: de 25.113 solicitudes de estudio microbiológico y/o parasitológico en heces, se identificaron 2.292 microorganismos, en 2.152 muestras de 1.892 pacientes. Predominaron las diarreas bacterianas (50,1 %), sobre todo por Campylobacter spp. (22,2 %), cuya frecuencia aumentó significativamente en los dos últimos años, y Salmonella spp. (16,4 %), que se mantuvo a lo largo del periodo. Destacó la elevada frecuencia de Rotavirus (33,5 %), aunque disminuyó significativamente en los dos últimos años. Salmonella spp. se detectó más frecuentemente en verano y otoño, Campylobacter spp. en primavera y Rotavirus en invierno. En los pacientes pediátricos predominaron los procesos víricos (53,3 %), destacando Rotavirus en menores de 2 años, mientras que, en niños mayores y adultos, lo hicieron los procesos de origen bacteriano. En el 84,2 % de los pacientes la diarrea se inició a nivel comunitario, siendo necesario el ingreso del 25,8 %, y en el 15,8 %la diarrea fue nosocomial. Conclusiones: durante el periodo analizado se produjo un incremento significativo de la frecuencia de diarreas por Campylobacter spp., y una disminución, también significativa de Rotavirus, manteniéndose la frecuencia de diarreas por Salmonella spp., todas ellas con una marcada distribución estacional.