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The current study aims to examine the influence of personality traits (alternative Zuckerman model) and driving anger in the explanation of risky driving style in individuals convicted for road safety offences (N = 245), using as a basis an adaptation of the context-mediated model. This is a transversal, descriptive study designed to be implemented by means of surveys, in which took part 245 men convicted of road safety offences from five prisons in Galicia (a region in northwestern Spain) took part. The average age of the participants was 38.73 years (Sx-9.61), with a range between 18 and 64 years. All participants had three or more years of driving experience. Our data shows that the Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) personality trait had a direct and positive effect on dangerous driving, while the Activity (Act) trait had a direct but negative effect. The Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Host) trait, in turn, influenced the risky driving style, but not directly, but by raising driving anger levels, so it acted as a powerful mediator between the Aggression-Hostility (Agg-Hos) trait and the risky driving style. In general, our research partially replicates and expands previous findings regarding the model used, the aggression-hostility personality trait (Agg-Host) was placed in the distal context, driving anger in the proximal context, while age and personality traits Activity (Act) and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking (Imp-SS) were direct predictors. The results of this study may have practical implications for the detection and rehabilitation of offenders and penalties for road safety offences., Author(s): José María Faílde-Garrido [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yolanda Rodríguez-Castro [sup.1] , Antonio González-Fernández [sup.1] , Manuel Antonio García-Rodríguez [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.6312.6, 0000 0001 2097 6738, University of Vigo, [...]

Road crime is one of the most prevalent types of crime, which is why more and more frequent offenders and repeat offenders enter prison convicted of serious crimes. The present study aimed to determine the clinical and sociodemographic profile of road offenders, trying to establish differences and relationships with other types of crime and with community drivers. The study involved 513 drivers, classified into four groups: inmates with crimes against road safety (CTRO); inmates with crimes against road safety and with another type of criminal history (CTRO&OO); prisoners convicted of other criminal offences (COO); community drivers with no criminal record (DWCR). All were given a battery of instruments that assessed personality traits, sensation-seeking, psychiatric symptomatology, alcohol dependence, aspects related to driving and sociodemographic data. The results reveal similar profiles, between the CTRO&OO groups and the COO, in personality, search for emotions and psychopathological symptoms and important differences between the groups of road offenders (CTRO AND CTRO&OO) and of these with the DWCR. The classification and regression tree identified as relevant predictors, the number of fines and traffic accidents, alcohol dependence and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. These data can be useful for the prevention and rehabilitation of offenders against road safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examined the combined influence of gender variables (specifically gender stereotypes, sexism, and genderism/transphobia) as well as racism/xenophobia and attitudes toward bullying roles on gender-bashing. Methods: A trans-cultural sample of 2410 Spanish and Portuguese students participated in the study (mean age = 15.13). Structural equation modeling and multiple group analyses were used to examine the relationships among variables. Results: The model revealed a good fit with the data for the whole sample. Results showed that instrumentality, hostile sexism, genderism/transphobia, racism/xenophobia, and positive attitudes toward the bully were positively correlated with gender-bashing. An inverse pattern was also observed: expressiveness, benevolent sexism, and positive attitudes toward the defender were negatively correlated with gender-bashing. Overall, the eight variables explained 48% of the variance of gender-bashing. Structural relationships among the assessed constructs were equivalent for girls and boys, and for Spain and Portugal. Conclusions: These results reveal the need to implement inclusive educational policies to improve school health, which promote expressiveness, egalitarian attitudes, and sexual and cultural diversity.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse adolescents' perception of bullying and particularly of the ways intelligible masculinities and femininities are performed through violence in the framework of Queer Theory. We conducted a qualitative study using focus groups. The sample was composed of 93 Spanish adolescents (48 girls and 45 boys, mean age 13.7 years) who attended 4 compulsory secondary education schools in Spain and participated voluntarily in the study. Students' statements revealed that bullying is a strongly gendered phenomenon and an additional way of 'doing gender', that is, of performing hegemonic femininities and masculinities at school, imitating and reproducing gender norms and punishing those who transgress them.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have caused drastic changes in the relational dynamics of adolescents, providing new channels to exercise and suffer violence. The objective of this research is threefold: it is intended to evaluate the possession, use and parental supervision of the mobile phone in the group of adolescents; identify digital violence in adolescents’ first affective/sexual relationships; and verify its relationship with other forms of online violence such as cyberbullying, cyberstalking and grooming. The sample is made up of 715 adolescents (47% girls) with an age range that goes from 13 to 19 years, with a mean of 15.64 (DT = 1.28) years. The results confirm the omnipresence of ICTs in the lives of adolescent couples and establish a relationship between digital violence and the use of technological devices and virtual spaces, which they access with little parental supervision. In addition, it is evident that adolescents face multiple forms of violence in the online environment, both at the sentimental level through cybercontrol and aggression, as well as insults or humiliation; as well as in the social sphere, since they have been victims of cyberbullying, grooming and cyberstalking. In short, new challenges of educational intervention are revealed for education professionals and families, in the face of the commitment to ensure that the youngest live their relationships free of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to assess the combined influence of gender stereotypes, sexism, and homophobia on attitudes toward bullying and bullying behavior. A total of 1,500 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (49.3% girls and 50.7% boys) completed a questionnaire that included measures of bullying, attitudes toward bullying, gender-stereotyped personality traits (instrumentality and expressiveness), hostile and benevolent sexism, and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. First, the findings demonstrated that boys scored significantly higher on all the variables assessed except on benevolent sexism. Two similar models were obtained for both sexes. Benevolent sexism and, in boys, more positive attitudes toward gay men predicted more negative attitudes toward bullying when mediated by more expressive gender traits. An inverse pattern was also observed: Hostile sexism predicted more favorable attitudes toward bullying when mediated by instrumental gender traits. Attitudes toward bullying were highly correlated with bullying behavior. The five-predictor variables (including attitudes toward bullying) explained 58% of the variance of bullying behavior in girls and 37% of such variance in boys.

The main purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate a potential relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and impulsive and compulsive buying tendencies in a sample of young adults (college students). This research adds to the cognitive perspective of consumer behavior that the cognitive schemas putatively associated with early experiences may have a strong impact on impulsive and compulsive buying. Data was obtained from 365 participants in a cross-sectional study design. Participants completed an online survey with the following instruments: Young Schema Questionnaire; Impulsive Buying Tendency Measurement Scale; Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale; and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Using multiple linear hierarchical regressions, we confirmed that the domain of over vigilance and inhibition schemas was positively associated with impulsive and compulsive buying tendencies, while an opposite association was found for the domain of impaired limits. Being a female was also a predictor of impulsive buying and compulsive buying. The results were discussed in terms of the coping mechanisms to deal with negative emotions, as a way to obtain rewards, or as a way to escape painful self-awareness. Other mechanisms related to the internalization of perfectionist expectations and the propensity to shame were also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audiences have adopted and integrated the consumption of mega-sports events, such as the Olympic Games, through social platforms like Twitter. It is the objective of this research to identify, 'what' is being said (text) and 'how' female athletes are presented (image) on Twitter during Rio2016 Olympic Games. Qualitative methodology was used to analyze the official Twitter accounts of four Spanish media accounts —two sport-specific accounts: @Marca and @MundoDeportivo, and two generalist media accounts: @ElPais_Deportes and @ABC_Deportes— which are the media with the highest number of followers/readers and the largest circulation in Spain. The sample consisted of 6,856 tweets, of which 1,343 were about women posted on the Twitter to positive information (47.46%), such as the achievements of the athletes, although one third of the tweets allude to negative content that highlights the female athletes' failures. As for the photographs analyzed, it was found that 9% of the images of female athletes still revealed a clear sexual connotation, reinforcing gender stereotypes. The emergence of new technologies, such as Twitter, free from time and space constraints that are used to justify the low coverage of women's sport in traditional media (TV, radio, and press), do not allow the reversal of the marginal presence of female athletes in the media coverage during sports mega-events such as the Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyse "how much" and "what" coverage of female athletes there is on Twitter and, for the first time, to identify whether female athletes share space and stereotypes with female non-athletes. A multi-method approach (quantitative/qualitative) was used. Out of the 5.260 tweets posted in the general media (@ElPais_Deportes and @ABC_Deportes) and specialised media (@Marca and @MundoDeportivo) analysed in Spain, only 1.6% (N = 84) included tweets concerning female athletes. In addition, an analysis of the tweets posted confirmed that the probability of media coverage of female athletes in specialised media, 56.38% (N = 84), is similar to the probability of mention being made of a female non-athlete, which is 43.62% (N = 65). However, this is not the case for general media. A qualitative analysis confirmed that tweets in sports media cover failures, sanctions and the undervaluing of female athletes' achievements more than other stereotypes, whereas gender stereotypes and objectification/sexualisation characterize tweets concerning female non-athletes to a greater extent. In conclusion, female athletes suffer more discrimination in sports media ("how much"), whereas in terms of the "what", female non-athletes suffer the most sexist stereotypes in tweets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study had a double goal: (i) analyzing the beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of Portuguese adolescents regarding trans and gender diverse people; and (ii) validating the short version of the Genderism and Transphobia Scale. Methods: A sample of 1,005 Portuguese adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years took part in the study. Results: Results indicated that boys exhibited more negative attitudes toward trans and gender diverse people than girls did, and girls exhibited more favorable attitudes toward trans women and gender diverse men than toward trans men and gender diverse women. The bidimensional structure of the scale was confirmed. Conclusion: These results highlight the close relationship between beliefs that reaffirm gender norms and mark the limits of the heterosexual matrix, transphobic attitudes and gender bashing. They are discussed in the context of a queer educational practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]