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Background: It has been previously suggested that both Nocardia and Mycobacteria, belonging to the Actinomycetota phylum, share mechanisms in granuloma formation. This may be due to their phylogenetic closeness, their intracellular nature, and the similarities in cell wall components, including mycolic acids. The objective is to compare the tissue distribution of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming-growth factor-β (TGF-β), along with the markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), in biopsy samples of human cutaneous nocardiosis and cutaneous tuberculosis by immunohistochemistry. Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry on tissue markers IL-6, TGF-β, VEGF, and eNOS in biopsied samples of cutaneous nocardiosis and cutaneous tuberculosis. Next, we took microphotographs and performed a digital analysis of the images to assess the tissue distribution of inflammatory markers. Results: We found similar expressions of IL-6 and VEGF in all studied samples of cutaneous nocardiosis and cutaneous tuberculosis. On the other hand, TGF-β and eNOS were absent in all studied samples. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, given the similarities in granulomatous disease caused by actinomycetes, the cutaneous lesion induced by Nocardia spp. can be used as a surrogate model for the histopathological study of cutaneous tuberculosis.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a drug reaction commonly related to eosinophilia, from uncertain epidemiology, and without consensus for diagnosis and treatment globally. It presents a great challenge in its management and is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, and multisystemic involvement. An aggressive and difficult-to-manage clinical case is presented in a 50-year-old man with chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 and systemic arterial hypertension, who developed an unusual variant similar to DRESS and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) overlap secondary to allopurinol, with skin manifestations without eosinophilia, but fulfilling clinical and laboratory criteria for DRESS and SJS syndrome.

Objective To estimate health inequity and vulnerability among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) in Latin America using the syndemic approach.Design This is a secondary analysis of a previously published large-scale study on the prevalence of RMD.Setting Studies carried out in five Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Venezuela). Health inequity and vulnerability in RMD were identified through a syndemic approach using network and cluster analysis.Participants A total of 44 560 individuals were studied: 29.78% self-identified as Indigenous, 60.92% were female, the mean age was 43.25 years. Twenty clusters were identified in the Indigenous population and 17 in the non-Indigenous population.Results The variables associated with RMD among Indigenous populations were rurality, public health system, high joint biomechanical stress, greater pain, disability and alcoholism; and among non-Indigenous people they were being a woman, urban origin, older age, private health system, joint biomechanical stress, greater pain and disability. We identified different health inequities among patients with RMD (ie, lower educational attainment, more comorbidities), associated with factors such as Indigenous self-identification and rural residence.Conclusions A syndemic approach enables us to identify health inequities in RMD, as shown by higher prevalence of comorbidities, disability and socioeconomic factors like lower educational attainment. These inequities exist for the overall population of patients with RMD, although it is more evident in Indigenous groups with added layers of vulnerability.

Introducción: se ha reportado que la prevalencia de artritis reumatoidea (AR) en la comunidad Wichí representa la más alta informada por el Grupo Latinoamericano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Reumáticas en los Pueblos Originarios (GLADERPO). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la experiencia sobre el proceso de salud- enfermedad-atención de pacientes con AR de la comunidad Wichí de Misión Chaqueña “El Algarrobal”, Salta. Materiales y métodos: estudio narrativo. Diseño de corte etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones registradas. Se utilizaron guías de entrevistas y observación. Los aspectos incluidos fueron: concepción del proceso salud-enfermedad, percepción de la AR en la vida diaria, el acceso al sistema de salud, utilización de recursos tradicionales y de medicina tradicional.

Subependymoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, representing 0.2 to 0.7% of all intracranial tumors. They are usually found in the fourth ventricle or in the walls of the lateral ventricles, often remaining asymptomatic. Subependymomas occur rarely in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Since its first description in the spinal cord by Boykin et al in 1954, only 47 cases have been reported. A 49-year-old man presented with a 4-year-long-lasting neck pain, which radiated to the upper right extremity for 4 years. It was insidious at onset and revealed gradual progression, difficulty in performing fine hand movements, and hyperalgesia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed irregular hyperintensity of T2 and dilatation of the spinal cord from C4 to T1 with associated edema and an intramedullary lesion with central location. During the surgical event, a transoperative biopsy was performed that revealed loose fibrillary networks and groups of nuclei showing mild pleomorphism and microcystic formations. Histologically, we observed groups of cells with mild nuclear pleomorphism embedded in a dense, thin, glial fibrillar fundus, and microcystic formations. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse positivity for the glial fibrillary acidic protein, and negative for the epithelial membrane antigen. Subependymoma accounts for 8.3% of all ependymal tumors. There are few descriptions of the cytologic features of the subependymoma because this neoplasm is rare and most commonly found incidentally in autopsies.

Tumors of the paratesticular region are generally tumors of slow growth, with little symptomatology and, in most cases, benign in nature; in this area, a borderline serous tumor may arise hypothetically from Müllerian metaplasia of the tunica vaginalis, which is histologically identical to its ovarian counterpart. We present a 10-year-old male, with right gynecomastia and ipsilateral hydrocele, showing an enlarged right testicle with a volume of 12 ml and a left testicle with a volume of 10 ml. A right orchiectomy was performed, which presented a poorly defined tan tumor of 1.8 cm that occupied the vaginal and epididymal tunica, and infiltrates the testicular parenchyma. Histological sections revealed a cystic neoplasm, with hierarchical papillary projections, covered by one or several epithelial columnar and hobnail cells with moderate atypia and scant mitosis. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed, resulting positive for PAX-8, epithelial membrane antigen, and CK7, confirming the diagnosis of borderline serous tumor. Since the first reported case in 1986, few have been reported, the majority of these in adults with only three cases in children. In the few cases reported, the prognosis is usually favorable after surgical resection, with disease-free follow-up for up to 18 years.

This letter to the editor of the Journal Motricity seeks to promote the epistemological discussion of the science of motor and/or human movement from the philosophy of values focusing on the neutrality and interdisciplinary researcher in the sociocultural field of physical education knowledge area.

There are few reports of breast cancer cases with uterine metastases. Here, we report a metastatic lobular carcinoma to endometrium presenting as abnormal uterine bleeding. Diagnosis was based in previous lobular breast carcinoma and immunohistochemistry.

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento, validação e utilização de uma metodologia de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB). Destina-se aos serviços de atenção básica, organizados segundo diferentes modelos de atenção, incluindo a Saúde da Família. Contém 50 indicadores sobre oferta e organização do trabalho assistencial e programático e 15 sobre gerenciamento, na forma de questões de múltipla escolha, autorespondidas via web pela equipe local do serviço. Confere a cada resposta valor zero, um ou dois; a média geral atribui ao serviço um grau de qualidade expresso pela distância do melhor padrão correspondente à média dois. Foi construído por processo de consenso interativo, que incluiu metodologias qualitativas, teste-piloto, aplicação em 127 serviços, validação de construto e confiabilidade. Respondido, em 2007, por 598 (92%) dos serviços de 115 municípios paulistas, mostrou bom poder para discriminar níveis de qualidade. Adotado em 2010 como parte de um programa de apoio à Atenção Básica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, foi respondido por 95% (2.735) dos serviços de 586 municípios (90,8% do Estado). Os resultados foram encaminhados aos municípios. O QualiAB fornece uma avaliação válida, simples e com a possibilidade de retorno imediato para gerentes e profissionais. Mostrou factibilidade, aceitabilidade, bom poder de discriminação e utilidade para auxiliar a gestão da rede de atenção básica do SUS em São Paulo. A experiência indica aplicabilidade nas redes de atenção básica do Brasil.This paper presents the development, validation and utilization of a methodology for assessing the quality of the primary health care services of Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS - Brazil's National Health System), the Questionnaire for the Assessment of the Quality of Primary Health Care Services - QualiAB. It is addressed to all primary health care services, organized according to different care models, including Family Health. It contains 50 indicators about availability and organization of the care and programmatic work, and 15 about local management, in the form of multiple choice questions self-responded through the Web by the local service team. It attributes to every answer the values zero, one or two; the general average attributes a 'quality degree' to the service, expressed by the distance to the best standard corresponding to the average two. It was built by an interactive consensual process, which included qualitative methodologies, pilot-testing, application to 127 services, construct validation and reliability. It was answered in 2007 by 598 (92%) services of 115 municipalities of the State of São Paulo, showing good sensitivity to differentiate quality levels. It was adopted in 2010 as part of a supporting program to the Primary Health Care of São Paulo's State Health Department, being answered by 95% (2735) of the services of 586 cities (90,8% of the State). The results were sent to the municipalities. QualiAB provides a valid and simple assessment, with immediate feedback to managers and professionals. It has shown feasibility, acceptability, power to differentiate quality levels and utility to help the management of the primary health care network of SUS in São Paulo. This experience might be extended to Brazil as a whole.

À luz da teoria social de Pierre Bourdieu, saliento a violência simbólica concebida das relações de forças entre agentes e práticas médicas e religiosas no interior de uma instituição filantrópica voltada à assistência à saúde de portadores de deficiências múltiplas. Do trabalho etnográfico, descrevo detalhes do acordo entre administradores religiosos espíritas e profissionais de saúde durante a implementação de um projeto que incluía especificamente assistência espiritual. Um caso de cura aparece como bem simbólico e sobre ele concorreram duas versões explicativas sobre a abrupta recuperação do paciente assistido durante meses na UTI por caquexia: a versão religiosa, que entendeu a reabilitação como cura espiritual, e a versão médica, que compreendeu o restabelecimento do paciente como resultado das atividades e gerência médica.In light of Pierre Bourdieu's theory, I highlight the symbolic violence derived from the relations of forces between medical and religious agents and practices inside a philanthropic institution that provides healthcare for patients suffering from multiple deficiencies. Concerning the ethnographic work, I describe details of the agreement between spiritualistic religious administrators and health professionals during the development of a project that included spiritualistic assistance. A cure case emerges as a symbolic asset and there were two versions to explain the recovery of the patient, who had been under ICU treatment for a long time: the religious version, which understood the rehabilitation as spiritual cure, and the medical version, which understood it as the result of the medical activities and management.

No Estado de São Paulo, existe uma rede extensiva de serviços de Atenção Básica (AB) com perfil organizacional heterogêneo e pouco conhecido. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar a organização dos serviços de AB em 37 municípios do Centro-oeste paulista, como primeira etapa de um projeto de avaliação da qualidade desses serviços. Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido mediante questionário estruturado, autorrespondido pelos gerentes e equipes locais, com questões que abordam características institucionais e de organização e gerência do trabalho. Esses questionários foram enviados para 131 UBS, distribuídas em 37 municípios. Obteve-se resposta de 113 unidades (87%) localizadas em 32 municípios (86,4%). Do total de unidades, 57 (50%) são UBS tradicionais, 26 (22,8%), Unidades de Saúde da Família, e 31, (27,2%) organizadas segundo formas mistas. A maioria dos serviços (62%, 70/113) não trabalha com área de abrangência delimitada de modo planejado. Os serviços se polarizam entre aqueles que realizam entre 70 e 100% de consultas médicas agendadas (37,6%, 41/109), e aqueles que realizam entre 70 e 100% de não agendadas (39,4%, 43/109). Não possuem conselhos locais organizados 65 unidades (63,7%, 65/102). Os dados coletados permitem discutir as características dos principais programas, procedimentos e ações realizados pelos serviços. Os perfis organizacionais predominantes apontam a presença de deficiências de estrutura e processo em relação às diretrizes do SUS. O desenvolvimento de instrumentos de autoavaliação permite que as equipes se apropriem, de forma crítica, de seu trabalho, e possam elaborar novos arranjos tecnológicos para melhoria da qualidade.The State of São Paulo, Brazil, has a broad network of primary health care services (PHCS) whose organizational profile is heterogeneous and not well known. This study analyzes the organization of PHCS in 37 municipalities located in the central-west region of São Paulo, as the first part of a broader project that evaluates the quality of these services. This is a cross-sectional study conducted through a structured questionnaire answered by the local managers and health teams. The questions addressed institutional characteristics and the organization and management of the work process. The questionnaires were sent to 131 UBS (Primary Health Care Units) distributed across 37 municipalities. There were responses from 113 units (87%) located in 32 municipalities (86.4%). Of the overall number of units, 57 (50%) are traditional UBS, 26 (22.8%) are family health units, and 31 (27.2%) are mixed. Most services (62%, 70/113) do not work with catchment areas delimited in a planned way. Services are divided between those who perform 70% to 100% of scheduled medical consultations (37.6%, 41/109) and those who perform 70% to 100% of non-scheduled consultations (39.4%, 43/109). Sixty-five units (63.7%, 65/102) do not have community-based committees. Based on the collected data, it is possible to discuss the main features of the health programs, procedures and activities carried out by PHCS. The predominant organizational profiles reveal deficiencies of structure and process in relation to the guidelines issued by SUS (Brazil's National Health System). The development of self-assessment instruments allows the teams to appropriate their work in a critical way and to carry out new technological arrangements to improve the quality of the care provided.

O objetivo geral do presente artigo é colaborar para a discussão sobre o campo da saúde. Especificamente, pretende-se contribuir para a reflexão do poder médico hegemônico e suas relações com as práticas relacionadas às curandeirices. Considerando a teoria do campo e do habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, discute-se sobre o curandeirismo com base em uma revisão do conceito de transe no campo intelectual como objeto do habitus científico formado entre a prática médica e a prática religiosa. Finalmente, por meio de temas contemporâneos compartilhados pelas Ciências Sociais e pela Saúde Coletiva, indica-se como o curandeirismo - aspecto negativo para o campo médico - transforma-se em aspecto positivo no campo da Saúde Coletiva.

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney in adults. In children, however, it only accounts for an estimated 1.8 to 6.3% of all pediatric malignant renal tumors. Papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma in children. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with a 2-month history of abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and gross hematuria. Computed tomography revealed a horseshoe kidney and a well-defined mass of 4 cm arising from the lower pole of the right kidney. Microscopically the tumor was composed of papillae covered with cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and high-grade nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry was performed; EMA, Vimentin, and AMACR were strongly positive while CK7, CD10, RCC antigen, TFE3, HMB-45, and WT-1 were negative. Currently, 10 months after the surgical procedure, the patient remains clinically and radiologically disease-free.

O objetivo deste trabalho é recuperar os recursos discursivos disponíveis sobre o tema curandeirismo gerados pelo campo jurídico, tendo em vista refletir sobre o lugar das curandeirices e práticas e saberes terapêuticos no campo da saúde. Analiso diferentes depoimentos em um julgamento do crime de curandeirismo sobre os quais depreendo elementos fundamentais para análise arqueológica do poder médico no Brasil.

The general aim of the present paper was to contribute towards the discussion on the field of healthcare. Specifically, the aim was to contribute towards reflections on the hegemonic power of medicine and its relationships with practices of faith healing. Taking into account the field and habitus of Pierre Bourdieu's theory, faith healing is discussed based on a review of the concept of trance in the intellectual field as an object of scientific habitus formed between medical practice and religious practice. Finally, by means of contemporary themes shared by social sciences and public health, it is shown how faith healing - a negative term within the field of medicine - is transformed into a positive term within the field of public health.

Os idosos são objeto de políticas públicas de proteção contra riscos e doenças. Pelo pressuposto liberal, a questão é tornar o indivíduo independente, o que contribui para isolar e fragilizar o idoso. Propomos o paradigma do reconhecimento e os vínculos sociais, apoiando a vida de sujeitos que reconhecem e são reconhecidos. A autonomia intersubjetiva é garantida por relações de afeto/amizade, estima social, reconhecimento de direitos e responsabilidades, e ameaçada pela desvalorização, por desrespeito e violências. Isso contribui trazendo a compreensão de fenômenos de desrespeito, difamação e traumas, e apoiando a instituição de cuidados com vistas à integridade e à justiça social.

Os idosos são objeto de políticas públicas de proteção contra riscos e doenças. Pelo pressuposto liberal, a questão é tornar o indivíduo independente, o que contribui para isolar e fragilizar o idoso. Propomos o paradigma do reconhecimento e os vínculos sociais, apoiando a vida de sujeitos que reconhecem e são reconhecidos. A autonomia intersubjetiva é garantida por relações de afeto/amizade, estima social, reconhecimento de direitos e responsabilidades, e ameaçada pela desvalorização, por desrespeito e violências. Isso contribui trazendo a compreensão de fenômenos de desrespeito, difamação e traumas, e apoiando a instituição de cuidados com vistas à integridade e à justiça social.

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento, validação e utilização de uma metodologia de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade de Serviços de Atenção Básica (QualiAB). Destina-se aos serviços de atenção básica, organizados segundo diferentes modelos de atenção, incluindo a Saúde da Família. Contém 50 indicadores sobre oferta e organização do trabalho assistencial e programático e 15 sobre gerenciamento, na forma de questões de múltipla escolha, autorespondidas via web pela equipe local do serviço. Confere a cada resposta valor zero, um ou dois; a média geral atribui ao serviço um grau de qualidade expresso pela distância do melhor padrão correspondente à média dois. Foi construído por processo de consenso interativo, que incluiu metodologias qualitativas, teste-piloto, aplicação em 127 serviços, validação de construto e confiabilidade. Respondido, em 2007, por 598 (92%) dos serviços de 115 municípios paulistas, mostrou bom poder para discriminar níveis de qualidade. Adotado em 2010 como parte de um programa de apoio à Atenção Básica da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, foi respondido por 95% (2.735) dos serviços de 586 municípios (90,8% do Estado). Os resultados foram encaminhados aos municípios. O QualiAB fornece uma avaliação válida, simples e com a possibilidade de retorno imediato para gerentes e profissionais. Mostrou factibilidade, aceitabilidade, bom poder de discriminação e utilidade para auxiliar a gestão da rede de atenção básica do SUS em São Paulo. A experiência indica aplicabilidade nas redes de atenção básica do Brasil.