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1. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

Author

Belz, J. W., Krehbiel, P. R., Remington, J., Stanley, M. A., Abbasi, R. U., LeVon, R., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., Collaboration, the Telescope Array Scientific, Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Barcikowski, E., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Byrne, M., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chikawa, M., di Matteo, A., Fujii, T., Fujita, K., Fujiwara, R., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, M., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inadomi, T., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Iwakura, H., Jeong, H. M., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kasami, S., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kuzmin, V., Kuznetsov, M., Kwon, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Matsumiya, H., Matthews, J. N., Matuyama, T., Mayta, R., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakai, K., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, Y., Nonaka, T., Oda, H., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oku, Y., Okuda, T., Omura, Y., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Potts, M., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sahara, R., Saito, K., Saito, Y., Sakaki, N., Sako, T., Sakurai, N., Sano, K., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Sone, N., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Tanoue, Y., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Uehama, T., Urban, F., Wallace, M., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yashiro, K., Yosei, M., Yoshii, H., Zhezher, Y., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes, and that the IBPs are produced by a newly-identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system, and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP., Comment: Typo fixed and reference added. Manuscript is 36 pages. Supplemental Information is 42 pages. This paper is to be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Online data repository: Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z3XDA

Published
2020
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2. Gamma-ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders

Author

Abbasi, R. U., Abu-Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Byrne, M., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Goto, T., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Jeong, S., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kishigami, S. S., Krehbiel, P. R., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., LeVon, R., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Martens, K., Matuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Remington, J., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Saito, K., Sakaki, N., Sakurai, N., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stroman, T. A., Takai, H., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, R. J., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Urban, F., Vasiloff, G., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., and Zundel, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700~square kilometer cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, U.S.A. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower-producing flashes were obtained with a 3D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases co-located with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2--5 short-duration ($\le$10~$\mu$s) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds, and originated at an altitude of $\simeq$3--5 kilometers above ground level during the first 1--2 ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward-beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of $\simeq$$10^{12}$--$10^{14}$ photons for $16^{\circ}$ half-angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful TGFs.

Published
2017
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3. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

Author

W. Bel, J., R. Krehbiel, P., J. Remington, A. Stanley, M., U. Abbasi, R., LeVon, R., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., Yukio, Uchihori, Others, W. Bel, J., R. Krehbiel, P., J. Remington, A. Stanley, M., U. Abbasi, R., LeVon, R., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., Yukio, Uchihori, and Others

Abstract

In this paper we report the first close, high‐resolution observations of downward‐directed terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large‐area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud‐to‐ground and low‐altitude intracloud flashes and that the IBPs are produced by a newly identified streamer‐based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark‐like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub‐pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub‐pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely, as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP.

Published
2020

4. Gamma Ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders

Author

U. Abbasi, R., T., Abu‐Zayyad, Allen, M., Barcikowski, E., W. Belz, J., R. Bergman, D., A. Blake, S., Byrne, M., Cady, R., B.G.Cheon, Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Furlich, G., Goto, T., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Jeong, S., C. H. Jui, C., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., B. Kim, H., H. Kim, J., S. Kishigami, S., R. Krehbiel, P., Kuzmin, V., J. Kwon, Y., Lan, J., LeVon, R., P. Lundquist, J., Machida, K., Martens, K., Matuyama, T., N. Matthews, J., Minamino, M., Mukai, K., Myers, I., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, R., Nakamura, T., Nonaka, T., Ogio, S., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Onogi, R., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., H. Park, I., S. Pshirkov, M., Remington, J., Rison, W., Rodeheffer, D., C. Rodriguez, D., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Saito, K., Sakaki, N., Sakurai, N., Seki, T., Sekino, K., Shah, P.D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., K. Shin, B., S. Shin, H., D. Smith, J., Sokolsky, P., W. Springer, R., T. Stokes, B., A. Stroman, T., Takai, H., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., J. Thomas, R., B. Thomas, S., B. Thomson, G., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Urban, F., Vasiloff, G., Wong, T., Yamamoto, M., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoneda, Y., Yoshida, S., Yoshii, H., Zundel, Z., and Uchihori, Yukio

Abstract

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700‐km2 cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, USA. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower‐producing flashes were obtained with a 3‐D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases colocated with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2–5 short‐duration (≤10 μs) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds and originated at an altitude of ≃3–5 km above ground level during the first 1–2 ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud‐to‐ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward‐beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of ≃1012–1014 photons for 16° half‐angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma ray flashes, similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground‐based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful terrestrial gamma ray flashes.

Published
2018

5. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

Author

Belz, J. W., primary, Krehbiel, P. R., additional, Remington, J., additional, Stanley, M. A., additional, Abbasi, R. U., additional, LeVon, R., additional, Rison, W., additional, Rodeheffer, D., additional, Abu‐Zayyad, T., additional, Allen, M., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Byrne, M., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B. G., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, di Matteo, A., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fujita, K., additional, Fujiwara, R., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Furlich, G., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, M., additional, Hayashi, Y., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Honda, K., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Inadomi, T., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ito, H., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Iwakura, H., additional, Jeong, H. M., additional, Jeong, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kasami, S., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawata, K., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kuzmin†, V., additional, Kuznetsov, M., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lee, K. H., additional, Lubsandorzhiev, B., additional, Lundquist, J. P., additional, Machida, K., additional, Matsumiya, H., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Matuyama, T., additional, Mayta, R., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Mukai, K., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakai, K., additional, Nakamura, R., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nakamura, Y., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Oda, H., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oku, Y., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Omura, Y., additional, Ono, M., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Potts, M., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Rubtsov, G., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Sahara, R., additional, Saito, K., additional, Saito, Y., additional, Sakaki, N., additional, Sako, T., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Sano, K., additional, Seki, T., additional, Sekino, K., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, H. S., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Sone, N., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stroman, T. A., additional, Takagi, Y., additional, Takahashi, Y., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Takeishi, R., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Tanoue, Y., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Uehama, T., additional, Urban, F., additional, Wallace, M., additional, Wong, T., additional, Yamamoto, M., additional, Yamaoka, H., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yashiro, K., additional, Yosei, M., additional, Yoshii, H., additional, Zhezher, Y., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional

Published
2020
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6. Gamma Ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders

Author

Abbasi, R. U., primary, Abu‐Zayyad, T., additional, Allen, M., additional, Barcikowski, E., additional, Belz, J. W., additional, Bergman, D. R., additional, Blake, S. A., additional, Byrne, M., additional, Cady, R., additional, Cheon, B.G., additional, Chiba, J., additional, Chikawa, M., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Fukushima, M., additional, Furlich, G., additional, Goto, T., additional, Hanlon, W., additional, Hayashi, Y., additional, Hayashida, N., additional, Hibino, K., additional, Honda, K., additional, Ikeda, D., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Ishii, T., additional, Ito, H., additional, Ivanov, D., additional, Jeong, S., additional, Jui, C. C. H., additional, Kadota, K., additional, Kakimoto, F., additional, Kalashev, O., additional, Kasahara, K., additional, Kawai, H., additional, Kawakami, S., additional, Kawata, K., additional, Kido, E., additional, Kim, H. B., additional, Kim, J. H., additional, Kishigami, S. S., additional, Krehbiel, P. R., additional, Kuzmin, V., additional, Kwon, Y. J., additional, Lan, J., additional, LeVon, R., additional, Lundquist, J. P., additional, Machida, K., additional, Martens, K., additional, Matuyama, T., additional, Matthews, J. N., additional, Minamino, M., additional, Mukai, K., additional, Myers, I., additional, Nagataki, S., additional, Nakamura, R., additional, Nakamura, T., additional, Nonaka, T., additional, Ogio, S., additional, Ohnishi, M., additional, Ohoka, H., additional, Oki, K., additional, Okuda, T., additional, Ono, M., additional, Onogi, R., additional, Oshima, A., additional, Ozawa, S., additional, Park, I. H., additional, Pshirkov, M. S., additional, Remington, J., additional, Rison, W., additional, Rodeheffer, D., additional, Rodriguez, D. C., additional, Rubtsov, G., additional, Ryu, D., additional, Sagawa, H., additional, Saito, K., additional, Sakaki, N., additional, Sakurai, N., additional, Seki, T., additional, Sekino, K., additional, Shah, P.D., additional, Shibata, F., additional, Shibata, T., additional, Shimodaira, H., additional, Shin, B. K., additional, Shin, H. S., additional, Smith, J. D., additional, Sokolsky, P., additional, Springer, R. W., additional, Stokes, B. T., additional, Stroman, T. A., additional, Takai, H., additional, Takeda, M., additional, Takeishi, R., additional, Taketa, A., additional, Takita, M., additional, Tameda, Y., additional, Tanaka, H., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tanaka, M., additional, Thomas, R. J., additional, Thomas, S. B., additional, Thomson, G. B., additional, Tinyakov, P., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Tokuno, H., additional, Tomida, T., additional, Troitsky, S., additional, Tsunesada, Y., additional, Uchihori, Y., additional, Udo, S., additional, Urban, F., additional, Vasiloff, G., additional, Wong, T., additional, Yamamoto, M., additional, Yamane, R., additional, Yamaoka, H., additional, Yamazaki, K., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yashiro, K., additional, Yoneda, Y., additional, Yoshida, S., additional, Yoshii, H., additional, and Zundel, Z., additional

Published
2018
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7. An overview of the lightning and atmospheric electricity observations collected in southern France during the HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment (HyMeX), Special Observation Period 1

Author

Defer, E., primary, Pinty, J.-P., additional, Coquillat, S., additional, Martin, J.-M., additional, Prieur, S., additional, Soula, S., additional, Richard, E., additional, Rison, W., additional, Krehbiel, P., additional, Thomas, R., additional, Rodeheffer, D., additional, Vergeiner, C., additional, Malaterre, F., additional, Pedeboy, S., additional, Schulz, W., additional, Farges, T., additional, Gallin, L.-J., additional, Ortéga, P., additional, Ribaud, J.-F., additional, Anderson, G., additional, Betz, H.-D., additional, Meneux, B., additional, Kotroni, V., additional, Lagouvardos, K., additional, Roos, S., additional, Ducrocq, V., additional, Roussot, O., additional, Labatut, L., additional, and Molinié, G., additional

Published
2015
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9. An overview of the lightning and atmospheric electricity observations collected in Southern France during the HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment (HyMeX), Special Observation Period 1

Author

Defer, E., primary, Pinty, J.-P., additional, Coquillat, S., additional, Martin, J.-M., additional, Prieur, S., additional, Soula, S., additional, Richard, E., additional, Rison, W., additional, Krehbiel, P., additional, Thomas, R., additional, Rodeheffer, D., additional, Vergeiner, C., additional, Malaterre, F., additional, Pedeboy, S., additional, Schulz, W., additional, Farges, T., additional, Gallin, L.-J., additional, Ortéga, P., additional, Ribaud, J.-F., additional, Anderson, G., additional, Betz, H.-D., additional, Meneux, B., additional, Kotroni, V., additional, Lagouvardos, K., additional, Roos, S., additional, Ducrocq, V., additional, Roussot, O., additional, Labatut, L., additional, and Molinié, G., additional

Published
2014
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10. NESSI: the New Mexico Tech Extrasolar Spectroscopic Survey Instrument

Author

Jurgenson, C., primary, Santoro, F., additional, Creech-Eakman, M., additional, Houairi, K., additional, Bloemhard, H., additional, Vasisht, G., additional, Swain, M., additional, Deroo, P., additional, Moore, C., additional, Schmidt, L., additional, Boston, P., additional, Rodeheffer, D., additional, and Chen, P., additional

Published
2010
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11. An overview of the lightning and atmospheric electricity observations collected in Southern France during the HYdrological cycle in Mediterranean EXperiment (HyMeX), Special Observation Period 1.

Author

Defer, E., Pinty, J. -P., Coquillat, S., Martin, J. -M., Prieur, S., Soula, S., Richard, E., Rison, W., Krehbiel, P., Thomas, R., Rodeheffer, D., Vergeiner, C., Malaterre, F., Pedeboy, S., Schulz, W., Farges, T., Gallin, L. -J., Ortéga, P., Ribaud, J. -F., and Anderson, G.

Subjects
LIGHTNING, ATMOSPHERIC electricity, HYDROLOGIC cycle, THUNDERSTORMS
Abstract

The PEACH (Projet en Electricité Atmosphérique pour la Campagne HyMeX - the Atmospheric Electricity Project of HyMeX Program) project is the Atmospheric Electricity component of the HyMeX (Hydrology cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment) experiment and is dedicated to the observation of both lightning activity and electrical state of continental and maritime thunderstorms in the area of the Mediterranean Sea. During the HyMeX SOP1 (Special Observation Period; 5 September-6 November 2012), four European Operational Lightning Locating Systems (OLLSs) (ATDNET, EUCLID, LINET, ZEUS) and the HyMeX Lightning Mapping Array network (HyLMA) were used to locate and characterize the lightning activity over the Southeastern Mediterranean at flash, storm and regional scales. Additional research instruments like slow antennas, video cameras, micro-barometer and microphone arrays were also operated. All these observations in conjunction with operational/research ground-based and airborne radars, rain gauges and in situ microphysical records aimed at characterizing and understanding electrically active and highly precipitating events over Southeastern France that often lead to severe flash floods. Simulations performed with Cloud Resolving Models like Meso-NH and WRF are used to interpret the results and to investigate further the links between dynamics, microphysics, electrification and lightning occurrence. A description of the different instruments deployed during the field campaign as well as the available datasets is given first. Examples of concurrent observations from radio frequency to acoustic for regular and atypical lightning flashes are then presented showing a rather comprehensive description of lightning flashes available from the SOP1 records. Then examples of storms recorded during HyMeX SOP1 over Southeastern France are briefly described to highlight the unique and rich dataset collected. Finally the next steps of the work required for the delivery of reliable lightning-derived products to the HyMeX community are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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