1. Status of HIV Case-Based Surveillance Implementation — 39 U.S. PEPFAR-Supported Countries, May–July 2019
- Author
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Holmes, Joshua R., Dinh, Thu-Ha, Farach, Nasim, Manders, Eric-Jan, Kariuki, James, Rosen, Daniel H., Kim, Andrea A., Frawley, Alean, Tema, Patrick, Hess, Kristen L., Bagapi, Khuteletso, Ly, Penh Sun, Ly, Vanthy, Albalak, Rachel, Deyde, Varough, Volkmann, Tyson, Chase, Martine, Moore, Rhonda A., Walrond, Sasha E., Hinds, Avery, Antoine, Keven, Skyers, Nicola, Rodas, Jose Manuel, Juarez, Sandra I., Pineda, Tomasa Sierra, Sorto, José Salvador, Mastelari, Maria, Sagastume, Manuel, Castillo, Ingrid, Romero, Luz Maria, Beteta, Enrique, Aoua, Aka-Camara, Ouedraogo, G. Laissa, Lobognon, Legre Roger, Capellán, Rinaldy, Bonilla, Luis, Dee, Jacob, Ngalamulume, Rogers Galaxy, Ebengo, Denis Yoka, Ryan, Caroline, Pasipamire, Munyaradzi, Moges, Beyene, Eshetu, Frehywot, Haile, Ayalew A., Quaye, Silas, Pelletier, Valerie, Van Onacker, Joelle Deas, Koama, Timbila Jean Baptiste, Kingwara, Leonard, Ngari, Faith N., Ngugi, Catherine, Waruru, Anthony, Barker, Joseph L., Ndisha, Margaret, Young, Peter, Southalack, Phouthone, Simanovong, Bouathong, Xaymounvong, Douangchanh, Conkling, Martha, Mpholo, Refiloe, Mekonnen, Tigest, Mattocks, Linda, Kim, Evelyn, Das, Subrat, Traore, Mamadou B., Traore, Sory, Heitzinger, Kristen, Rein, Maria, Kerndt, Peter, Wolkon, Adam, de Klerk, Michael, Mutenda, Nicholus, Nzelu, Charles, Dalhatu, Ibrahim, Greby, Stacie, Jahun, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Mukhtar, Sebastian, Victor, Oladipo, Ademola, Alagi, Matthias, Bamidele, Moyosola, Bello, Mustapha, Debem, Henry, Akpan, Raphael, Yakubu, Aminu, Fagbemi, Ayodele, Tiger, Nguhemen, Mgbakor, Ifunanya, Dangana, Ibrahim, Yamba, Abel, Temu, Poruan, Boas, Peniel, MacDonald, Gene, Richards, Janise, Mugwaneza, Placidie, Souleymane, Mboup, Guèye Gaye, Astou, Thiam, Safiatou, Sarr, Moussa, Cheyip, Mireille, Pinini, Zukiswa Edna, Porter, Sarah, Nkone, Shirley, Lako, Richard Lino Loro, Nganda, Moses Mutebi, Bunga, Sudhir, Bolo, Alex, Mgomella, George S., Mushi, Jeremiah, Kalungwa, Zaharani, Tanpradech, Suvimon, Phokhasawad, Kunjanakorn, Yingyong, Thitipong, Kiyingi, Herbert, Emmy, Muramuzi Bangizi, Kansiime, Edgar, Kenneth, Musenge, Kulchynska, Roksolana, Kuzin, Ihor, Podolchak, Nataliya, Barzilay, Ezra J., Martsynovska, Violetta, Abdul-Quader, Abu S., Son, Vo Hai, Anh, Nguyen Tuan, Sivile, Suilanjo, Banda, Andrew, Kamocha, Stanley, Gonese, Elizabeth, Moyo, Brian Kumbirai, and Mirkovic, Kelsey
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,International Cooperation ,MEDLINE ,Developing country ,HIV Infections ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,Health informatics ,Unique identifier ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Global health ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Full Report ,0101 mathematics ,Developing Countries ,business.industry ,organic chemicals ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Family medicine ,Population Surveillance ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case-based surveillance (CBS) systematically and continuously collects available demographic and health event data (sentinel events*) about persons with HIV infection from diagnosis and, if available, throughout routine clinical care until death, to characterize HIV epidemics and guide program improvement (1,2). Surveillance signals such as high viral load, mortality, or recent HIV infection can be used for rapid public health action. To date, few standardized assessments have been conducted to describe HIV CBS systems globally (3,4). For this assessment, a survey was disseminated during May-July 2019 to all U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported countries with CDC presence† (46) to describe CBS implementation and identify facilitators and barriers. Among the 39 (85%) countries that responded,§ 20 (51%) have implemented CBS, 15 (38%) were planning implementation, and four (10%)¶ had no plans for implementation. All countries with CBS reported capturing information at the point of diagnosis, and 85% captured sentinel event data. The most common characteristic (75% of implementation countries) that facilitated implementation was using a health information system for CBS. Barriers to CBS implementation included lack of country policies/guidance on mandated reporting of HIV and on CBS, lack of unique identifiers to match and deduplicate patient-level data, and lack of data security standards. Although most surveyed countries reported implementing or planning for implementation of CBS, these barriers need to be addressed to implement effective HIV CBS that can inform the national response to the HIV epidemic.
- Published
- 2019