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Psycho-oncological care in private practices: a survey among psychotherapists with and without licence for reimbursement with public health insurance Objective: This study examined how certified psychotherapist working in an outpatient setting organise their practice to be able to treat cancer patients and what specific problems they encounter. We differentiated between therapists with and without licence. Methods: Out of the list of psychotherapists held by the German Cancer Information Service, a random sample of practices was selected. They received a mailed questionnaire. Per practice, only one therapist was selected. The questionnaire was developed by a group of psychotherapists from two psycho-oncological associations in Germany. Practices with and without licence were compared using chi-square, ranksum tests and multivariate regression analyses (adjusting for professional qualification and school of therapy). Results: Of 257 contacted practices, 160 therapists participated, and 144 were certified and could be included (62 without and 82 with licence). Waiting times for a first consultation for cancer patients were on average 10 days in practices of therapists without licence and 18 days with licence (p < 0.01). Crisis intervention within 3 days was possible for 62 % of the therapists without and for 44 % with licence (p = 0.08). There was no evidence for differences in what treatment options both types of therapists offered. Both groups reported that more than half of the cancer patients (60 % without and 58 % with licence) had to cancel their appointments at least once every 3 months, and 64 % of the therapists did not ask a fee for that. Financing of the treatment happened most frequently via compensation from health insurance companies via their licence in therapists with licence and via private payment or so called "Kostenerstattung" in therapists without licence. Discussion: In psycho-oncological practices, waiting times for a first consultation for cancer patients are on average 4 weeks shorter than in general, especially short in practices without licence. Cancellation of appointments by patients are relatively frequent in both groups of therapists, which bears financial risks for them. Special methods of compensation for services such as selective contracts are infrequently used..