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8. Extraction and effect of vibration duration in ultrasonic process of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from ramie fiber.

Author

Fatkhurrohman, Rochardjo, Heru Santoso Budi, Kusumaatmaja, Ahmad, Yudhanto, Ferry, Aji, Daisman Purnomo Bayyu, Triyono, Triyono, and Nor, Fethma

Subjects
*RAMIE, *TRANSMISSION electron microscopes, *CELLULOSE, *SCANNING electron microscopes, *BIODEGRADABLE materials, *LIGNANS, *LIGNIN structure
Abstract

Biodegradable materials are increasingly being developed to realize environmental sustainability. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was successfully extracted from ramie fiber using an acid hydrolysis process followed by ultrasonic treatment. CNC extraction was carried out by alkalization and bleaching followed by acid hydrolysis using 35% H2SO4 at 45°C for 60 minutes, then ultrasonic treatment with an ultrasonic time of 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes. The resulting CNC ramie fiber was characterized using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, fourier-transform infrared and x-ray diffraction. The FTIR graph shows the loss of peaks at wave numbers 1735 cm−1, 1373 cm−1 and 1242 cm−1, this shows that acid hydrolysis clear residual acetate groups like hemicellulose and lignin. This result is supported by increasing the crystallinity index of raw ramie fiber 80.7% to 90.45% after acid hydrolysis using H2SO4. The X-ray diffraction pattern on CNC ultrasonic treatment shows that the 60 minutes ultrasonic time has the highest crystallinity index 90.8%. CNC with 60 minutes ultrasonic has a diameter of 5-10nm with a length of 100-250nm and an aspect ratio of 30-25. In the future CNC ramie fiber can be used as a reinforcement in bio / nano composite because of its excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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14. Microfibrillated Cellulose Extraction from Bagasse Using a Modified Kitchen Blender

Author

Sukmawan, Romi, Wildan, M. Waziz, Saputri, Lestari Hetalesi, Rochmadi, and Rochardjo, Heru Santoso Budi

Abstract

The extraction of microfibers from plant fibers can be obtained through specialized, expensive equipment that demands high energy input but delivering low production yields, resulting in highly costly microfibers. This situation confines the use of cellulose microfibers to the laboratory and not for industrial applications. The goal of this study is to extract microfibers from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by using a kitchen blender. Earlier studies have demonstrated that paper sheets made of blender-extracted microfibers after 10 min blending have mechanical properties modulus comparable with commercially available cellulose microfibers extracted by a high-pressure homogenizer. By reducing the volume of aqueous suspension, resulting in higher tensile modulus to those of sheets made from commercially available cellulose microfibers. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the treatments resulted in the gradual removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the fiber. Morphological characterization identified that the diameter of the fibers varied between 20 nm to 12 µm. Finally, the high enough strength and comparable mechanical properties (modulus) of SCB microfibers to those of commercially cellulose microfibers, confirming their suitability in the manufacturing biomaterial composites.

Published
2019
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15. Preliminary Investigation on Bulletproof Panels Made from Ramie Fiber Reinforced Composites for NIJ Level II, IIA, and IV.

Author

Marsyahyo, Eko and Rochardjo, Heru Santoso Budi

Subjects
BODY armor, RAMIE, CELLULOSE fibers, COMPOSITE materials, KETONES, ALCOHOL, ACETONE
Abstract

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is one of the strongest natural cellulose fibers. Optimizing abundant resources ramie as a candidate materials used for reinforcing in polymeric composite material is a must to obtained high-performance natural fibers reinforced polymer especially for bulletproof panel or high-impact flexibility safer structures. Ramie woven was treated using common chemical solvents that were ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and silane as coupling agent. Composite panels were made by hand lay-up process with epoxy as a matrix. These prototype bulletproof panels were to be believed lighter in weight and much lower economic cost than conventional bulletproof panels made from ceramic plate, Kevlar/aramid composite, and steel-based material as a popular today in military standard antiballistic equipments. From the bullet testing result, it showed that panel could be able to resist the penetration of high-impact projectile for level II with some fractures phenomenon. Level IV ballistic testing showed that all prototype panel could not resist the high-impact velocity of the projectile yet. It was found that ramie fibers have sufficient breaking strength and toughness for level II bullet testing, although still needs improvements to optimize process parameters to meet a very high military standard and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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16. Identification of Ramie Single Fiber Surface Topography Influenced by Solvent-Based Treatment.

Author

Marsyahyo, Eko and Rochardjo, Heru Santoso Budi

Subjects
RAMIE, METHYL ethyl ketone, ACETONE, ALCOHOL, POLYMERIC composites, FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, POROSITY
Abstract

The effects of alcohol, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone solvent-based-treatment on surface topography of ramie single fiber are investigated. In this study,the average of specific porous volume and specific surface area of ramie single fiber are determined to interpret the effects of the treatment quantitatively using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is applied directly to the fiber to detect the differences of molecular group function in the fiber surface. Qualitatively, scanning electron microscopy was also provided. The result shows that the solvent treatment could improve surface topography to gain matrix penetration when utilizing the fiber into polymeri ccomposite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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