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Human pregnancy is frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting that may become severe and life-threatening, as in hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), the cause of which is unknown. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15), a hormone known to act on the hindbrain to cause emesis, is highly expressed in the placenta and its levels in maternal blood rise rapidly in pregnancy. Variants in the maternal GDF15 gene are associated with HG. Here we report that fetal production of GDF15, and maternal sensitivity to it, both contribute substantially to the risk of HG. We found that the great majority of GDF15 in maternal circulation is derived from the feto-placental unit and that higher GDF15 levels in maternal blood are associated with vomiting and are further elevated in patients with HG. Conversely, we found that lower levels of GDF15 in the non-pregnant state predispose women to HG. A rare C211G variant in GDF15 which strongly predisposes mothers to HG, particularly when the fetus is wild-type, was found to markedly impair cellular secretion of GDF15 and associate with low circulating levels of GDF15 in the non-pregnant state. Consistent with this, two common GDF15 haplotypes which predispose to HG were associated with lower circulating levels outside pregnancy. The administration of a long-acting form of GDF15 to wild-type mice markedly reduced subsequent responses to an acute dose, establishing that desensitisation is a feature of this system. GDF15 levels are known to be highly and chronically elevated in patients with beta thalassemia. In women with this disorder, reports of symptoms of nausea or vomiting in pregnancy were strikingly diminished. Our findings support a causal role for fetal derived GDF15 in the nausea and vomiting of human pregnancy, with maternal sensitivity, at least partly determined by pre-pregnancy exposure to GDF15, being a major influence on its severity. They also suggest mechanism-based approaches to the treatment and prevention of HG.

R E S U M O O atual estudo consiste em uma ampla análise do histórico de animais silvestres (vivos ou não) que chegam no hospital veterinário da universidade, dos dados aprofundados sobre a situação de cada espécie e a sua correlação com os potenciais danos resultantes da exploração inadequada do meio ambiente, através de uma análise empírica das possíveis causas que geram mudanças à nível global. Além disso, juntamente ao reconhecimento por meio de análise genômica, morfológica e anatômica, buscou – se promover maior acurácia quanto à determinação da espécie em questão de modo a complementar a investigação de crimes ambientais, por meio de uma análise eficaz de laudos periciais, com o intuito de contribuir com a eficiência da fiscalização desses delitos e consequentemente, minimizar os crimes ambientais, os danos à biodiversidade e aos seres vivos que a compõem. Através dessa pesquisa, concluiu-se que parte dos animais resgatados estão fora do seu bioma de origem e a provável causa disso são atividades humanas que esgotam recursos bióticos e provocam migração forçada destes. Palavras-Chaves: fauna silvestre, bioma, medicina veterinária legal, direitos animais Investigative analysis of the profiles of host wild animals of the hospital instituition and their correlation with damage to biodiversity A B S T R A C T The present study consists of a broad analysis of the historic of wild animals (alive or not) that arrived at the Veterinary Hospital, in-depth data on the situation of each species and its correlation with the potential damage that resultis from the inadequate exploitation of the environment, through an empirical analysis of the possible causes that generate changes at a global level. In addition, together with recognition through genomic, morphological and anatomical analysis, we sought to promote greater accuracy in determination of the species in order to complement the investigation of environmental crimes, through an effective analysis of expert reports, with the aim of contributing to the efficiency of the inspection of these crimes and, consequently, minimizing environmental crimes, damage to biodiversity and the living beings that comprise it. Through this research, it was concluded that part of the rescued animals are outside their native biome and the probable cause of this are human activities that deplete biotic resources and cause their forced migration. Keywords: wildlife, biome, legal veterinary medicine, animal rights

The objective of this study was to verify the evolution of surface temperature associated with land use and land cover from 1985 to 2019 in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The methodological procedures were performed in five steps: 1. Definition of the study area; 2. Land use and land cover classification from images of Landsat 5 satellite Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) from Landsat 8 satellite; 3. Calculation of surface temperature from TM sensor band 6 and OLI sensor band 10; 4. Analysis of temperature evolution over the historical series; and 5. Temporal relation between surface temperature and land use and land cover classes. The results demonstrated that higher temperatures were associated to the evolution of two classes of land use and land cover: urban area and exposed soil, with the former occupying 31% in 1989 to 75% in 2018 of the study area. When comparing the first and last decade of the historical series for each season, there was an average increase of 4.18 °C in the surface temperature of the districts. Thus, adopting policies that mitigate the effects caused by densification and urban sprawl are necessary, mainly through the conservation of vegetated areas and water reservoirs, as these are crucial for the maintenance of air humidity and evapotranspiration.

R E S U M O Apesar do Brasil abrigar extrema riqueza bi��tica, o mesmo se apresenta em situa����o delicada, uma vez que sofre historicamente os impactos advindos de atividades antr��picas. Dessa forma, �� necess��rio ampliar o conhecimento sobre as causas e consequ��ncias desses atos n��o s�� para a biodiversidade, mas tamb��m para o ecossistema como um todo, de forma a prevenir o problema. Com isso, atrav��s de revis��o bibliogr��fica, o estudo tem por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre os remodelamentos ambientais, sejam eles naturais ou antr��picos, bem como seu impacto nos seres vivos e suas consequ��ncias para a biodiversidade brasileira. Palavras-Chaves: Biodiversidade, Remodelamento ambiental, a����es humanas. Impacts of anthropic acts on Brazilian biomes: A review article A B S T R A C T Despite housing extremely biotic wealth, Brazil has been currently facing a delicate situation, once it historically suffers the impacts that result from antropic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to broaden the current knowledge upon the causes and consequences of such acts, not only for the sake of biodiversity, but also for the ecosystem as a whole. Thus; by doing that, the aforementioned problem can be avoided. To sum up, this study, through a literature review, aims at broadening the current knowledge regarding environmental remodeling, either natural or antropic ones, as well as, their impact on human beings and their consequences for the Brazilian biodiversity. Keywords: Biodiversity, Environmental Remodeling, Human Acts.

This work verified the physiological quality of seeds of two maize cultivars treated in isolation and in association with an inoculant based on Azospirillum brasilense, biostimulants and a liquid fertilizer. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized 2x8 factorial scheme, comprising two maize cultivars (P30F53 and P30F53YH) and eight seed treatments (untreated; treated with inoculant; treated with biostimulants; treated with liquid fertilizer; treated with inoculant and biostimulant; treated with inoculant and liquid fertilizer; treated with biostimulant and liquid fertilizer; treated with inoculant, treated with liquid fertilizer and biostimulant). Percentage of germination, emergence in sand, germination speed index, cold test, and dry mass of shoots and root of seedlings were evaluated. The cultivar P30F53YH had seeds with better physiological quality compared with the cultivar P30F53 when treated with biostimulants, liquid fertilizer and Azospirillum. The biostimulant, liquid fertilizer and Azospirilum. either on their own or in combinations not involving the liquid fertilizer do not impair physiological qualityof maize seeds. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-28T19:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physiological-quality.pdf: 298743 bytes, checksum: d2e42be2f7a81301e827591f811835d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021