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1. ExoClock Project III: 450 new exoplanet ephemerides from ground and space observations

Author

Kokori, A., Tsiaras, A., Edwards, B., Jones, A., Pantelidou, G., Tinetti, G., Bewersdorff, L., Iliadou, A., Jongen, Y., Lekkas, G., Nastasi, A., Poultourtzidis, E., Sidiropoulos, C., Walter, F., Wünsche, A., Abraham, R., Agnihotri, V. K., Albanesi, R., Arce-Mansego, E., Arnot, D., Audejean, M., Aumasson, C., Bachschmidt, M., Baj, G., Barroy, P. R., Belinski, A. A., Bennett, D., Benni, P., Bernacki, K., Betti, L., Biagini, A., Bosch, P., Brandebourg, P., Brát, L., Bretton, M., Brincat, S. M., Brouillard, S., Bruzas, A., Bruzzone, A., Buckland, R. A., Caló, M., Campos, F., Carreno, A., Rodrigo, J. -A. Carrion, Casali, R., Casalnuovo, G., Cataneo, M., Chang, C. -M., Changeat, L., Chowdhury, V., Ciantini, R., Cilluffo, M., Coliac, J. -F., Conzo, G., Correa, M., Coulon, G., Crouzet, N., Crow, M. V., Curtis, I., Daniel, D., Dawes, S., Dauchet, B., Deldem, M., Deligeorgopoulos, D., Dransfield, G., Dymock, R., Eenmäe, T., Evans, P., Esseiva, N., Falco, C., Farfán, R. G., Fernández-Lajús, E., Ferratfiat, S., Ferreira, S. L., Ferretti, A., Fiołka, J., Fowler, M., Futcher, S. R., Gabellini, D., Gainey, T., Gaitan, J., Gajdoš, P., García-Sánchez, A., Garlitz, J., Gillier, C., Gison, C., Horta, F. Grau, Grivas, G., Gonzales, J., Gorshanov, D., Guerra, P., Guillot, T., Haswell, C. A., Haymes, T., Hentunen, V. -P., Hills, K., Hose, K., Humbert, T., Hurter, F., Hynek, T., Irzyk, M., Jacobsen, J., Jannetta, A. L., Johnson, K., Jóźwik-Wabik, P., Kaeouach, A. E., Kang, W., Kiiskinen, H., Kim, T., Kivila, Ü., Koch, B., Kolb, U., Kučáková, H., Lai, S. -P., Laloum, D., Lasota, S., Lewis, L. A., Liakos, G. -I., Libotte, F., Lopresti, C., Lomoz, F., Majewski, R., Malcher, A., Mallonn, M., Mannucci, M., Marchini, A., Mari, J. -M., Marino, A., Marino, G., Mario, J. -C., Marquette, J. -B., Martínez-Bravo, F. A., Mašek, M., Matassa, P., Michel, P., Michelet, J., Miller, M., Miny, E., Mollier, T., Molina, D., Monteleone, B., Montigiani, N., Morales-Aimar, M., Mortari, F., Morvan, M., Mugnai, L. V., Murawski, G., Naponiello, L., Naves, R., Naudin, J. -L., Néel, D., Neito, R., Neveu, S., Noschese, A., Öğmen, Y., Ohshima, O., Orbanic, Z., Pace, E. P., Pantacchini, C., Paschalis, N. I., Pereira, C., Peretto, I., Perroud, V., Phillips, M., Pintr, P., Pioppa, J. -B., Plazas, J., Poelarends, A. J., Popowicz, A., Purcell, J., Quinn, N., Raetz, M., Rees, D., Regembal, F., Rocchetto, M., Rocci, P. -F., Rockenbauer, M., Roth, R., Rousselot, L., Rubia, X., Ruocco, N., Russo, E., Salisbury, M., Salvaggio, F., Santos, A., Savage, J., Scaggiante, F., Sedita, D., Shadick, S., Silva, A. F., Sioulas, N., Školník, V., Smith, M., Smolka, M., Solmaz, A., Stanbury, N., Stouraitis, D., Tan, T. -G., Theusner, M., Thurston, G., Tifner, F. -P., Tomacelli, A., Tomatis, A., Trnka, J., Tylšar, M., Valeau, P., Vignes, J. -P., Villa, A., Sureda, A. Vives, Vora, K., Vrašťák, M., Walliang, D., Wenzel, B., Wright, D. E., Zambelli, R., Zhang, M., and Zíbar, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The ExoClock project has been created with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the Ariel mission. It will achieve this by continuously monitoring and updating the ephemerides of Ariel candidates over an extended period, in order to produce a consistent catalogue of reliable and precise ephemerides. This work presents a homogenous catalogue of updated ephemerides for 450 planets, generated by the integration of $\sim$18000 data points from multiple sources. These sources include observations from ground-based telescopes (ExoClock network and ETD), mid-time values from the literature and light-curves from space telescopes (Kepler/K2 and TESS). With all the above, we manage to collect observations for half of the post-discovery years (median), with data that have a median uncertainty less than one minute. In comparison with literature, the ephemerides generated by the project are more precise and less biased. More than 40\% of the initial literature ephemerides had to be updated to reach the goals of the project, as they were either of low precision or drifting. Moreover, the integrated approach of the project enables both the monitoring of the majority of the Ariel candidates (95\%), and also the identification of missing data. The dedicated ExoClock network effectively supports this task by contributing additional observations when a gap in the data is identified. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring to increase the observing coverage of the candidate planets. Finally, the extended observing coverage of planets allows us to detect trends (TTVs - Transit Timing Variations) for a sample of 19 planets. All products, data, and codes used in this work are open and accessible to the wider scientific community., Comment: Recommended for publication to ApJS (reviewer's comments implemented). Main body: 13 pages, total: 77 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables. Data available at http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/P298N

Published
2022
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2. ExoClock project II: A large-scale integrated study with 180 updated exoplanet ephemerides

Author

Kokori, A., Tsiaras, A., Edwards, B., Rocchetto, M., Tinetti, G., Bewersdorff, L., Jongen, Y., Lekkas, G., Pantelidou, G., Poultourtzidis, E., Wünsche, A., Aggelis, C., Agnihotri, V. K., Arena, C., Bachschmidt, M., Bennett, D., Benni, P., Bernacki, K., Besson, E., Betti, L., Biagini, A., Brandebourg, P., Bretton, M., Brincat, S. M., Caló, M., Campos, F., Casali, R., Ciantini, R., Crow, M. V., Dauchet, B., Dawes, S., Deldem, M., Deligeorgopoulos, D., Dymock, R., Eenmäe, T., Evans, P., Esseiva, N., Falco, C., Ferratfiat, S., Fowler, M., Futcher, S. R., Gaitan, J., Horta, F. Grau, Guerra, P., Hurter, F., Jones, A., Kang, W., Kiiskinen, H., Kim, T., Laloum, D., Lee, R., Lomoz, F., Lopresti, C., Mallonn, M., Mannucci, M., Marino, A., Mario, J. -C., Marquette, J. -B., Michelet, J., Miller, M., Mollier, T., Molina, D., Montigiani, N., Mortari, F., Morvan, M., Mugnai, L. V., Naponiello, L., Nastasi, A., Neito, R., Pace, E., Papadeas, P., Paschalis, N., Pereira, C., Perroud, V., Phillips, M., Pintr, P., Pioppa, J. -B., Popowicz, A., Raetz, M., Regembal, F., Rickard, K., Roberts, M., Rousselot, L., Rubia, X., Savage, J., Sedita, D., Shave-Wall, D., Sioulas, N., Školník, V., Smith, M., St-Gelais, D., Stouraitis, D., Strikis, I., Thurston, G., Tomacelli, A., Tomatis, A., Trevan, B., Valeau, P., Vignes, J. -P., Vora, K., Vrašťák, M., Walter, F., Wenzel, B., Wright, D. E., and Zíbar, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The ExoClock project is an inclusive, integrated, and interactive platform that was developed to monitor the ephemerides of the Ariel targets to increase the mission efficiency. The project makes the best use of all available resources, i.e., observations from ground telescopes, mid-time values from the literature and finally, observations from space instruments. Currently, the ExoClock network includes 280 participants with telescopes capable of observing 85\% of the currently known Ariel candidate targets. This work includes the results of $\sim$1600 observations obtained up to the 31st of December 2020 from the ExoClock network. These data in combination with $\sim$2350 mid-time values collected from the literature are used to update the ephemerides of 180 planets. The analysis shows that 40\% of the updated ephemerides will have an impact on future scheduling as either they have a significantly improved precision, or they have revealed biases in the old ephemerides. With the new observations, the observing coverage and rate for half of the planets in the sample has been doubled or more. Finally, from a population perspective, we identify that the differences in the 2028 predictions between the old and the new ephemerides have an STD that is double what is expected from gaussian uncertainties. These findings have implications for planning future observations, where we will need to account for drifts potentially greater than the prediction uncertainties. The updated ephemerides are open and accessible to the wider exoplanet community both from our Open Science Framework (OSF) repository and our website., Comment: 9 pages (47 with appendices and references), 8 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. Revised based on the reviewer's comments

Published
2021
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3. A population study of gaseous exoplanets

Author

Tsiaras, A., Waldmann, I. P., Zingales, T., Rocchetto, M., Morello, G., Damiano, M., Karpouzas, K., Tinetti, G., McKemmish, L. K., Tennyson, J., and Yurchenko, S. N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present here the analysis of 30 gaseous extrasolar planets, with temperatures between 600 and 2400 K and radii between 0.35 and 1.9 $R_\mathrm{Jup}$. The quality of the HST/WFC3 spatially scanned data combined with our specialized analysis tools allow us to study the largest and most self-consistent sample of exoplanetary transmission spectra to date and examine the collective behavior of warm and hot gaseous planets rather than isolated case-studies. We define a new metric, the Atmospheric Detectability Index (ADI) to evaluate the statistical significance of an atmospheric detection and find statistically significant atmospheres around 16 planets out of the 30 analysed. For most of the Jupiters in our sample, we find the detectability of their atmospheres to be dependent on the planetary radius but not on the planetary mass. This indicates that planetary gravity plays a secondary role in the state of gaseous planetary atmospheres. We detect the presence of water vapour in all of the statistically detectable atmospheres, and we cannot rule out its presence in the atmospheres of the others. In addition, TiO and/or VO signatures are detected with 4$\sigma$ confidence in WASP-76 b, and they are most likely present in WASP-121 b. We find no correlation between expected signal-to-noise and atmospheric detectability for most targets. This has important implications for future large-scale surveys., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, published in AJ

Published
2017
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4. Characterisation of exoplanetary atmospheres and planetary systems

Author

Rocchetto, M.

Abstract

The discovery of over three thousand exoplanets in the past two decades has unveiled a large and diverse population, far exceeding the diversity seen in our own Solar System. Today, research efforts need to shift from the discovery to the characterisation of exoplanetary systems, and this thesis aims to be a further step in this direction. Two different techniques are investigated to chemically characterise exoplanetary systems: atmospheric retrievals and metal-polluted white dwarfs. The study of exoplanetary atmospheres through their spectra offers a very promising way to understand not only the chemistry of exoplanets, but also their atmospheric dynam- ics, formation and evolution history. As part of this thesis, a novel retrieval tool, called TauREx, was developed to interpret exoplanetary spectra. Spectral models were created and benchmarked with existing models, and a state-of-the-art database of absorption cross sections was also developed. The uncertainties in these models, and their propagation in the retrieval stage, were analysed in detail. These methods were used to investigate the retrievability of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in simulated exoplanet spectra, and to interpret the atmospheres of two exoplanets, HD209458 b and 55 Cnc e. Lastly, these models were used to study the effects of stellar flares on the chemistry and spectra of typical exoplanets. Complementary to the observations of exoplanetary atmospheres, metal polluted white dwarfs are today a unique laboratory to infer the chemical composition of terrestrial exo- planets, and to study evolved planetary systems. It has become clear that the metals seen at a fraction of white dwarfs result from accreted circumstellar dust, originating from the tidal disruption of rocky planetesimals. Through the analysis of these stars, it is possible to infer the composition of terrestrial planetesimals, as their photospheres, in principle, mirror the composition of the accreted material, in turn providing clues on the nature of rocky plane- tary bodies. In this thesis I will discuss this technique, and present a recent survey that has unambiguously determined the fraction of detectable planetary debris at white dwarfs.

Published
2017

5. Exploring Biases of Atmospheric Retrievals in Simulated JWST Transmission Spectra of Hot Jupiters

Author

Rocchetto, M., Waldmann, I. P., Venot, O., Lagage, P. -O., and Tinetti, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

With a scheduled launch in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionise the field of atmospheric characterization of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and high sensitivity of its instruments will allow us to extract far more information from exoplanet spectra than what has been possible with current observations. In this paper, we investigate whether current retrieval methods will still be valid in the era of JWST, exploring common approximations used when retrieving transmission spectra of hot Jupiters. To assess biases, we use 1D photochemical models to simulate typical hot Jupiter cloud-free atmospheres and generate synthetic observations for a range of carbon-to-oxygen ratios. Then, we retrieve these spectra using TauREx, a Bayesian retrieval tool, using two methodologies: one assuming an isothermal atmosphere, and one assuming a parametrized temperature profile. Both methods assume constant-with-altitude abundances. We found that the isothermal approximation biases the retrieved parameters considerably, overestimating the abundances by about one order of magnitude. The retrieved abundances using the parametrized profile are usually within one sigma of the true state, and we found the retrieved uncertainties to be generally larger compared to the isothermal approximation. Interestingly, we found that using the parametrized temperature profile we could place tight constraints on the temperature structure. This opens the possibility to characterize the temperature profile of the terminator region of hot Jupiters. Lastly, we found that assuming a constant-with-altitude mixing ratio profile is a good approximation for most of the atmospheres under study., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2016
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6. Detection of an atmosphere around the super-Earth 55 Cancri e

Author

Tsiaras, A., Rocchetto, M., Waldmann, I. P., Venot, O., Varley, R., Morello, G., Damiano, M., Tinetti, G., Barton, E. J., Yurchenko, S. N., and Tennyson, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the analysis of two new spectroscopic observations of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e, in the near infrared, obtained with the WFC3 camera onboard the HST. 55 Cancri e orbits so close to its parent star, that temperatures much higher than 2000 K are expected on its surface. Given the brightness of 55 Cancri, the observations were obtained in scanning mode, adopting a very long scanning length and a very high scanning speed. We use our specialized pipeline to take into account systematics introduced by these observational parameters when coupled with the geometrical distortions of the instrument. We measure the transit depth per wavelength channel with an average relative uncertainty of 22 ppm per visit and find modulations that depart from a straight line model with a 6$\sigma$ confidence level. These results suggest that 55 Cancri e is surrounded by an atmosphere, which is probably hydrogen-rich. Our fully Bayesian spectral retrieval code, T-REx, has identified HCN to be the most likely molecular candidate able to explain the features at 1.42 and 1.54 $\mu$m. While additional spectroscopic observations in a broader wavelength range in the infrared will be needed to confirm the HCN detection, we discuss here the implications of such result. Our chemical model, developed with combustion specialists, indicates that relatively high mixing ratios of HCN may be caused by a high C/O ratio. This result suggests this super-Earth is a carbon-rich environment even more exotic than previously thought., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2015
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7. A new approach to analysing HST spatial scans: the transmission spectrum of HD 209458 b

Author

Tsiaras, A., Waldmann, I. P., Rocchetto, M., Varley, R., Morello, G., Damiano, M., and Tinetti, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is currently one of the most widely used instruments for observing exoplanetary atmospheres, especially with the use of the spatial scanning technique. An increasing number of exoplanets have been studied using this technique as it enables the observation of bright targets without saturating the sensitive detectors. In this work we present a new pipeline for analyzing the data obtained with the spatial scanning technique, starting from the raw data provided by the instrument. In addition to commonly used correction techniques, we take into account the geometric distortions of the instrument, whose impact may become important when combined to the scanning process. Our approach can improve the photometric precision for existing data and also push further the limits of the spatial scanning technique, as it allows the analysis of even longer spatial scans. As an application of our method and pipeline, we present the results from a reanalysis of the spatially scanned transit spectrum of HD 209458 b. We calculate the transit depth per wavelength channel with an average relative uncertainty of 40 ppm. We interpret the final spectrum with T-Rex, our fully Bayesian spectral retrieval code, which confirms the presence of water vapor and clouds in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b. The narrow wavelength range limits our ability to disentangle the degeneracies between the fitted atmospheric parameters. Additional data over a broader spectral range are needed to address this issue., Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, 7 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2015
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8. The EChO science case

Author

Tinetti, Giovanna, Drossart, Pierre, Eccleston, Paul, Hartogh, Paul, Isaak, Kate, Linder, Martin, Lovis, Christophe, Micela, Giusi, Ollivier, Marc, Puig, Ludovic, Ribas, Ignasi, Snellen, Ignas, Allard, Bruce Swinyard. France, Barstow, Joanna, Cho, James, Coustenis, Athena, Cockell, Charles, Correia, Alexandre, Decin, Leen, de Kok, Remco, Deroo, Pieter, Encrenaz, Therese, Forget, Francois, Glasse, Alistair, Griffith, Caitlin, Guillot, Tristan, Koskinen, Tommi, Lammer, Helmut, Leconte, Jeremy, Maxted, Pierre, Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo, Nelson, Richard, North, Chris, Pallé, Enric, Pagano, Isabella, Piccioni, Guseppe, Pinfield, David, Selsis, Franck, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stixrude, Lars, Tennyson, Jonathan, Turrini, Diego, Beaulieu, Mariarosa Zapatero-Osorio. Jean-Philippe, Grodent, Denis, Guedel, Manuel, Luz, David, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Ray, Tom, Rickman, Hans, Selig, Avri, Banaszkiewicz, Mark Swain. Marek, Barlow, Mike, Bowles, Neil, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Foresto, Vincent Coudé du, Gerard, Jean-Claude, Gizon, Laurent, Hornstrup, Allan, Jarchow, Christopher, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kovacs, Géza, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lim, Tanya, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Malaguti, Giuseppe, Pace, Emanuele, Pascale, Enzo, Vandenbussche, Bart, Wright, Gillian, Adriani, Gonzalo Ramos Zapata. Alberto, Azzollini, Ruymán, Balado, Ana, Bryson, Ian, Burston, Raymond, Colomé, Josep, Crook, Martin, Di Giorgio, Anna, Griffin, Matt, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Ottensamer, Roland, Irshad, Ranah, Middleton, Kevin, Morgante, Gianluca, Pinsard, Frederic, Rataj, Mirek, Reess, Jean-Michel, Savini, Giorgio, Schrader, Jan-Rutger, Stamper, Richard, Abe, Berend Winter. L., Abreu, M., Achilleos, N., Ade, P., Adybekian, V., Affer, L., Agnor, C., Agundez, M., Alard, C., Alcala, J., Prieto, C. Allende, Floriano, F. J. Alonso, Altieri, F., Iglesias, C. A. Alvarez, Amado, P., Andersen, A., Aylward, A., Baffa, C., Bakos, G., Ballerini, P., Banaszkiewicz, M., Barber, R. J., Barrado, D., Barton, E. J., Batista, V., Bellucci, G., Avilés, J. A. Belmonte, Berry, D., Bézard, B., Biondi, D., Błęcka, M., Boisse, I., Bonfond, B., Bordé, P., Börner, P., Bouy, H., Brown, L., Buchhave, L., Budaj, J., Bulgarelli, A., Burleigh, M., Cabral, A., Capria, M. T., Cassan, A., Cavarroc, C., Cecchi-Pestellini, C., Cerulli, R., Chadney, J., Chamberlain, S., Charnoz, S., Jessen, N. Christian, Ciaravella, A., Claret, A., Claudi, R., Coates, A., Cole, R., Collura, A., Cordier, D., Covino, E., Danielski, C., Damasso, M., Deeg, H. J., Delgado-Mena, E., Del Vecchio, C., Demangeon, O., De Sio, A., De Wit, J., Dobrijévic, M., Doel, P., Dominic, C., Dorfi, E., Eales, S., Eiroa, C., Contreras, M. Espinoza, Esposito, M., Eymet, V., Fabrizio, N., Fernández, M., Castella, B. Femenía, Figueira, P., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L., Focardi, M., Fossey, S., Fouqué, P., Frith, J., Galand, M., Gambicorti, L., Gaulme, P., López, R. J. García, Garcia-Piquer, A., Gear, W., Gerard, J. -C., Gesa, L., Giani, E., Gianotti, F., Gillon, M., Giro, E., Giuranna, M., Gomez, H., Gomez-Leal, I., Hernandez, J. Gonzalez, Merino, B. González, Graczyk, R., Grassi, D., Guardia, J., Guio, P., Gustin, J., Hargrave, P., Haigh, J., Hébrard, E., Heiter, U., Heredero, R. L., Herrero, E., Hersant, F., Heyrovsky, D., Hollis, M., Hubert, B., Hueso, R., Israelian, G., Iro, N., Irwin, P., Jacquemoud, S., Jones, G., Jones, H., Justtanont, K., Kehoe, T., Kerschbaum, F., Kerins, E., Kervella, P., Kipping, D., Koskinen, T., Krupp, N., Lahav, O., Laken, B., Lanza, N., Lellouch, E., Leto, G., Goldaracena, J. Licandro, Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., Liu, S. J., Cicero, U. Lo, Lodieu, N., Lognonné, P., Lopez-Puertas, M., Lopez-Valverde, M. A., Rasmussen, I. Lundgaard, Luntzer, A., Machado, P., MacTavish, C., Maggio, A., Maillard, J. -P., Magnes, W., Maldonado, J., Mall, U., Marquette, J. -B., Mauskopf, P., Massi, F., Maurin, A. -S., Medvedev, A., Michaut, C., Miles-Paez, P., Montalto, M., Rodríguez, P. Montañés, Monteiro, M., Montes, D., Morais, H., Morales, J. C., Morales-Calderón, M., Morello, G., Martín, A. Moro, Moses, J., Bedon, A. Moya, Alcaino, F. Murgas, Oliva, E., Orton, G., Palla, F., Pancrazzi, M., Pantin, E., Parmentier, V., Parviainen, H., Ramírez, K. Y. Peña, Peralta, J., Perez-Hoyos, S., Petrov, R., Pezzuto, S., Pietrzak, R., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Piskunov, N., Prinja, R., Prisinzano, L., Polichtchouk, I., Poretti, E., Radioti, A., Ramos, A. A., Rank-Lüftinger, T., Read, P., Readorn, K., López, R. Rebolo, Rebordão, J., Rengel, M., Rezac, L., Rocchetto, M., Rodler, F., Béjar, V. J. Sánchez, Lavega, A. Sanchez, Sanromá, E., Santos, N., Forcada, J. Sanz, Scandariato, G., Schmider, F. -X., Scholz, A., Scuderi, S., Sethenadh, J., Shore, S., Showman, A., Sicardy, B., Sitek, P., Smith, A., Soret, L., Sousa, S., Stiepen, A., Stolarski, M., Strazzulla, G., Tabernero, H. M, Tanga, P., Tecsa, M., Temple, J., Terenzi, L., Tessenyi, M., Testi, L., Thompson, S., Thrastarson, H., Tingley, B. W., Trifoglio, M., Torres, J. Martín, Tozzi, A., Turrini, D., Varley, R., Vakili, F., de Val-Borro, M., Valdivieso, M. L., Venot, O., Villaver, E., Vinatier, S., Viti, S., Waldmann, I., Waltham, D., Ward-Thompson, D., Waters, R., Watkins, C., Watson, D., Wawer, P., Wawrzaszk, A., White, G., Widemann, T., Winek, W., Wiśniowski, T., Yelle, R., Yung, Y., and Yurchenko, S. N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of almost 2000 exoplanets has revealed an unexpectedly diverse planet population. Observations to date have shown that our Solar System is certainly not representative of the general population of planets in our Milky Way. The key science questions that urgently need addressing are therefore: What are exoplanets made of? Why are planets as they are? What causes the exceptional diversity observed as compared to the Solar System? EChO (Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory) has been designed as a dedicated survey mission for transit and eclipse spectroscopy capable of observing a large and diverse planet sample within its four-year mission lifetime. EChO can target the atmospheres of super-Earths, Neptune-like, and Jupiter-like planets, in the very hot to temperate zones (planet temperatures of 300K-3000K) of F to M-type host stars. Over the next ten years, several new ground- and space-based transit surveys will come on-line (e.g. NGTS, CHEOPS, TESS, PLATO), which will specifically focus on finding bright, nearby systems. The current rapid rate of discovery would allow the target list to be further optimised in the years prior to EChO's launch and enable the atmospheric characterisation of hundreds of planets. Placing the satellite at L2 provides a cold and stable thermal environment, as well as a large field of regard to allow efficient time-critical observation of targets randomly distributed over the sky. A 1m class telescope is sufficiently large to achieve the necessary spectro-photometric precision. The spectral coverage (0.5-11 micron, goal 16 micron) and SNR to be achieved by EChO, thanks to its high stability and dedicated design, would enable a very accurate measurement of the atmospheric composition and structure of hundreds of exoplanets., Comment: 50 pages, 30 figures. Experimental Astronomy

Published
2015
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9. The frequency and infrared brightness of circumstellar discs at white dwarfs

Author

Rocchetto, M., Farihi, J., Gaensicke, B. T., and Bergfors, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

White dwarfs whose atmospheres are polluted by terrestrial-like planetary debris have become a powerful and unique tool to study evolved planetary systems. This paper presents results for an unbiased Spitzer IRAC search for circumstellar dust orbiting a homogeneous and well-defined sample of 134 single white dwarfs. The stars were selected without regard to atmospheric metal content but were chosen to have 1) hydrogen rich atmospheres, 2) 17 000 K < T_eff < 25 000 K and correspondingly young post main-sequence ages of 15-270Myr, and 3) sufficient far-ultraviolet brightness for a corresponding Hubble Space Telescope COS Snapshot. Five white dwarfs were found to host an infrared bright dust disc, three previously known, and two reported here for the first time, yielding a nominal 3.7% of white dwarfs in this post-main sequence age range with detectable circumstellar dust. Remarkably, complementary HST observations indicate that a fraction of 27% show metals in their photosphere that can only be explained with ongoing accretion from circumstellar material, indicating that nearly 90% of discs escape detection in the infrared, likely due to small emitting surface area. This paper also presents the distribution of disc fractional luminosity as a function of cooling age for all known dusty white dwarfs, suggesting possible disc evolution scenarios and indicating an undetected population of circumstellar discs., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2014
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10. ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations

Author

Kokori, A., primary, Tsiaras, A., additional, Edwards, B., additional, Jones, A., additional, Pantelidou, G., additional, Tinetti, G., additional, Bewersdorff, L., additional, Iliadou, A., additional, Jongen, Y., additional, Lekkas, G., additional, Nastasi, A., additional, Poultourtzidis, E., additional, Sidiropoulos, C., additional, Walter, F., additional, Wünsche, A., additional, Abraham, R., additional, Agnihotri, V. K., additional, Albanesi, R., additional, Arce-Mansego, E., additional, Arnot, D., additional, Audejean, M., additional, Aumasson, C., additional, Bachschmidt, M., additional, Baj, G., additional, Barroy, P. R., additional, Belinski, A. A., additional, Bennett, D., additional, Benni, P., additional, Bernacki, K., additional, Betti, L., additional, Biagini, A., additional, Bosch, P., additional, Brandebourg, P., additional, Brát, L., additional, Bretton, M., additional, Brincat, S. M., additional, Brouillard, S., additional, Bruzas, A., additional, Bruzzone, A., additional, Buckland, R. A., additional, Caló, M., additional, Campos, F., additional, Carreño, A., additional, Carrion Rodrigo, J. A., additional, Casali, R., additional, Casalnuovo, G., additional, Cataneo, M., additional, Chang, C.-M., additional, Changeat, L., additional, Chowdhury, V., additional, Ciantini, R., additional, Cilluffo, M., additional, Coliac, J.-F., additional, Conzo, G., additional, Correa, M., additional, Coulon, G., additional, Crouzet, N., additional, Crow, M. V., additional, Curtis, I. A., additional, Daniel, D., additional, Dauchet, B., additional, Dawes, S., additional, Deldem, M., additional, Deligeorgopoulos, D., additional, Dransfield, G., additional, Dymock, R., additional, Eenmäe, T., additional, Esseiva, N., additional, Evans, P., additional, Falco, C., additional, Farfán, R. G., additional, Fernández-Lajús, E., additional, Ferratfiat, S., additional, Ferreira, S. L., additional, Ferretti, A., additional, Fiołka, J., additional, Fowler, M., additional, Futcher, S. R., additional, Gabellini, D., additional, Gainey, T., additional, Gaitan, J., additional, Gajdoš, P., additional, García-Sánchez, A., additional, Garlitz, J., additional, Gillier, C., additional, Gison, C., additional, Gonzales, J., additional, Gorshanov, D., additional, Grau Horta, F., additional, Grivas, G., additional, Guerra, P., additional, Guillot, T., additional, Haswell, C. A., additional, Haymes, T., additional, Hentunen, V.-P., additional, Hills, K., additional, Hose, K., additional, Humbert, T., additional, Hurter, F., additional, Hynek, T., additional, Irzyk, M., additional, Jacobsen, J., additional, Jannetta, A. L., additional, Johnson, K., additional, Jóźwik-Wabik, P., additional, Kaeouach, A. E., additional, Kang, W., additional, Kiiskinen, H., additional, Kim, T., additional, Kivila, Ü., additional, Koch, B., additional, Kolb, U., additional, Kučáková, H., additional, Lai, S.-P., additional, Laloum, D., additional, Lasota, S., additional, Lewis, L. A., additional, Liakos, G.-I., additional, Libotte, F., additional, Lomoz, F., additional, Lopresti, C., additional, Majewski, R., additional, Malcher, A., additional, Mallonn, M., additional, Mannucci, M., additional, Marchini, A., additional, Mari, J.-M., additional, Marino, A., additional, Marino, G., additional, Mario, J.-C., additional, Marquette, J.-B., additional, Martínez-Bravo, F. A., additional, Mašek, M., additional, Matassa, P., additional, Michel, P., additional, Michelet, J., additional, Miller, M., additional, Miny, E., additional, Molina, D., additional, Mollier, T., additional, Monteleone, B., additional, Montigiani, N., additional, Morales-Aimar, M., additional, Mortari, F., additional, Morvan, M., additional, Mugnai, L. V., additional, Murawski, G., additional, Naponiello, L., additional, Naudin, J.-L., additional, Naves, R., additional, Néel, D., additional, Neito, R., additional, Neveu, S., additional, Noschese, A., additional, Öğmen, Y., additional, Ohshima, O., additional, Orbanic, Z., additional, Pace, E. P., additional, Pantacchini, C., additional, Paschalis, N. I., additional, Pereira, C., additional, Peretto, I., additional, Perroud, V., additional, Phillips, M., additional, Pintr, P., additional, Pioppa, J.-B., additional, Plazas, J., additional, Poelarends, A. J., additional, Popowicz, A., additional, Purcell, J., additional, Quinn, N., additional, Raetz, M., additional, Rees, D., additional, Regembal, F., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, Rocci, P.-F., additional, Rockenbauer, M., additional, Roth, R., additional, Rousselot, L., additional, Rubia, X., additional, Ruocco, N., additional, Russo, E., additional, Salisbury, M., additional, Salvaggio, F., additional, Santos, A., additional, Savage, J., additional, Scaggiante, F., additional, Sedita, D., additional, Shadick, S., additional, Silva, A. F., additional, Sioulas, N., additional, Školník, V., additional, Smith, M., additional, Smolka, M., additional, Solmaz, A., additional, Stanbury, N., additional, Stouraitis, D., additional, Tan, T.-G., additional, Theusner, M., additional, Thurston, G., additional, Tifner, F. P., additional, Tomacelli, A., additional, Tomatis, A., additional, Trnka, J., additional, Tylšar, M., additional, Valeau, P., additional, Vignes, J.-P., additional, Villa, A., additional, Sureda, A. Vives, additional, Vora, K., additional, Vrašt’ák, M., additional, Walliang, D., additional, Wenzel, B., additional, Wright, D. E., additional, Zambelli, R., additional, Zhang, M., additional, and Zíbar, M., additional

Published
2023
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11. ExoClock Project. II. A Large-scale Integrated Study with 180 Updated Exoplanet Ephemerides

Author

Kokori, A., primary, Tsiaras, A., additional, Edwards, B., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, Tinetti, G., additional, Bewersdorff, L., additional, Jongen, Y., additional, Lekkas, G., additional, Pantelidou, G., additional, Poultourtzidis, E., additional, Wünsche, A., additional, Aggelis, C., additional, Agnihotri, V. K., additional, Arena, C., additional, Bachschmidt, M., additional, Bennett, D., additional, Benni, P., additional, Bernacki, K., additional, Besson, E., additional, Betti, L., additional, Biagini, A., additional, Brandebourg, P., additional, Bretton, M., additional, Brincat, S. M., additional, Caló, M., additional, Campos, F., additional, Casali, R., additional, Ciantini, R., additional, Crow, M. V., additional, Dauchet, B., additional, Dawes, S., additional, Deldem, M., additional, Deligeorgopoulos, D., additional, Dymock, R., additional, Eenmäe, T., additional, Evans, P., additional, Esseiva, N., additional, Falco, C., additional, Ferratfiat, S., additional, Fowler, M., additional, Futcher, S. R., additional, Gaitan, J., additional, Horta, F. Grau, additional, Guerra, P., additional, Hurter, F., additional, Jones, A., additional, Kang, W., additional, Kiiskinen, H., additional, Kim, T., additional, Laloum, D., additional, Lee, R., additional, Lomoz, F., additional, Lopresti, C., additional, Mallonn, M., additional, Mannucci, M., additional, Marino, A., additional, Mario, J.-C., additional, Marquette, J.-B., additional, Michelet, J., additional, Miller, M., additional, Mollier, T., additional, Molina, D., additional, Montigiani, N., additional, Mortari, F., additional, Morvan, M., additional, Mugnai, L. V., additional, Naponiello, L., additional, Nastasi, A., additional, Neito, R., additional, Pace, E., additional, Papadeas, P., additional, Paschalis, N., additional, Pereira, C., additional, Perroud, V., additional, Phillips, M., additional, Pintr, P., additional, Pioppa, J.-B., additional, Popowicz, A., additional, Raetz, M., additional, Regembal, F., additional, Rickard, K., additional, Roberts, M., additional, Rousselot, L., additional, Rubia, X., additional, Savage, J., additional, Sedita, D., additional, Shave-Wall, D., additional, Sioulas, N., additional, Školník, V., additional, Smith, M., additional, St-Gelais, D., additional, Stouraitis, D., additional, Strikis, I., additional, Thurston, G., additional, Tomacelli, A., additional, Tomatis, A., additional, Trevan, B., additional, Valeau, P., additional, Vignes, J.-P., additional, Vora, K., additional, Vrašťák, M., additional, Walter, F., additional, Wenzel, B., additional, Wright, D. E., additional, and Zíbar, M., additional

Published
2022
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12. The EChO science case

Author

Tinetti, Giovanna, primary, Drossart, Pierre, additional, Eccleston, Paul, additional, Hartogh, Paul, additional, Isaak, Kate, additional, Linder, Martin, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Micela, Giusi, additional, Ollivier, Marc, additional, Puig, Ludovic, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Snellen, Ignas, additional, Swinyard, Bruce, additional, Allard, France, additional, Barstow, Joanna, additional, Cho, James, additional, Coustenis, Athena, additional, Cockell, Charles, additional, Correia, Alexandre, additional, Decin, Leen, additional, de Kok, Remco, additional, Deroo, Pieter, additional, Encrenaz, Therese, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Glasse, Alistair, additional, Griffith, Caitlin, additional, Guillot, Tristan, additional, Koskinen, Tommi, additional, Lammer, Helmut, additional, Leconte, Jeremy, additional, Maxted, Pierre, additional, Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo, additional, Nelson, Richard, additional, North, Chris, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Piccioni, Guseppe, additional, Pinfield, David, additional, Selsis, Franck, additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Stixrude, Lars, additional, Tennyson, Jonathan, additional, Turrini, Diego, additional, Zapatero-Osorio, Mariarosa, additional, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, additional, Grodent, Denis, additional, Guedel, Manuel, additional, Luz, David, additional, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, additional, Ray, Tom, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Selig, Avri, additional, Swain, Mark, additional, Banaszkiewicz, Marek, additional, Barlow, Mike, additional, Bowles, Neil, additional, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, additional, du Foresto, Vincent Coudé, additional, Gerard, Jean-Claude, additional, Gizon, Laurent, additional, Hornstrup, Allan, additional, Jarchow, Christopher, additional, Kerschbaum, Franz, additional, Kovacs, Géza, additional, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, additional, Malaguti, Giuseppe, additional, Pace, Emanuele, additional, Pascale, Enzo, additional, Vandenbussche, Bart, additional, Wright, Gillian, additional, Ramos Zapata, Gonzalo, additional, Adriani, Alberto, additional, Azzollini, Ruymán, additional, Balado, Ana, additional, Bryson, Ian, additional, Burston, Raymond, additional, Colomé, Josep, additional, Crook, Martin, additional, Di Giorgio, Anna, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Hoogeveen, Ruud, additional, Ottensamer, Roland, additional, Irshad, Ranah, additional, Middleton, Kevin, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Pinsard, Frederic, additional, Rataj, Mirek, additional, Reess, Jean-Michel, additional, Savini, Giorgio, additional, Schrader, Jan-Rutger, additional, Stamper, Richard, additional, Winter, Berend, additional, Abe, L., additional, Abreu, M., additional, Achilleos, N., additional, Ade, P., additional, Adybekian, V., additional, Affer, L., additional, Agnor, C., additional, Agundez, M., additional, Alard, C., additional, Alcala, J., additional, Prieto, C. Allende, additional, Alonso Floriano, F. J., additional, Altieri, F., additional, Alvarez Iglesias, C. A., additional, Amado, P., additional, Andersen, A., additional, Aylward, A., additional, Baffa, C., additional, Bakos, G., additional, Ballerini, P., additional, Banaszkiewicz, M., additional, Barber, R. J., additional, Barrado, D., additional, Barton, E. J., additional, Batista, V., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Belmonte Avilés, J. A., additional, Berry, D., additional, Bézard, B., additional, Biondi, D., additional, Błęcka, M., additional, Boisse, I., additional, Bonfond, B., additional, Bordé, P., additional, Börner, P., additional, Bouy, H., additional, Brown, L., additional, Buchhave, L., additional, Budaj, J., additional, Bulgarelli, A., additional, Burleigh, M., additional, Cabral, A., additional, Capria, M. T., additional, Cassan, A., additional, Cavarroc, C., additional, Cecchi-Pestellini, C., additional, Cerulli, R., additional, Chadney, J., additional, Chamberlain, S., additional, Christian Jessen, N., additional, Ciaravella, A., additional, Claret, A., additional, Claudi, R., additional, Coates, A., additional, Cole, R., additional, Collur, A., additional, Cordier, D., additional, Covino, E., additional, Danielski, C., additional, Damasso, M., additional, Deeg, H. J., additional, Delgado-Mena, E., additional, Del Vecchio, C., additional, Demangeon, O., additional, De Sio, A., additional, De Wit, J., additional, Dobrijévi, M., additional, Doel, P., additional, Dominic, C., additional, Dorfi, E., additional, Eales, S., additional, Eiroa, C., additional, Espinoza Contreras, M., additional, Esposito, M., additional, Eymet, V., additional, Fabrizio, N., additional, Fernández, M., additional, Femenía Castella, B., additional, Figueira, P., additional, Filacchione, G., additional, Fletcher, L., additional, Focardi, M., additional, Fossey, S., additional, Fouqué, P., additional, Frith, J., additional, Galand, M., additional, Gambicorti, L., additional, Gaulme, P., additional, García López, R. J., additional, Garcia-Piquer, A., additional, Gear, W., additional, Gerard, J. -C., additional, Gesa, L., additional, Giani, E., additional, Gianotti, F., additional, Gillon, M., additional, Giro, E., additional, Giuranna, M., additional, Gomez, H., additional, Gomez-Leal, I., additional, Gonzalez Hernandez, J., additional, GonzÁlez Merino, B., additional, Graczyk, R., additional, Grassi, D., additional, Guardia, J., additional, Guio, P., additional, Gustin, J., additional, Hargrave, P., additional, Haigh, J., additional, Hébrard, E., additional, Heiter, U., additional, Heredero, R. L., additional, Herrero, E., additional, Hersant, F., additional, Heyrovsky, D., additional, Hollis, M., additional, Hubert, B., additional, Hueso, R., additional, Israelian, G., additional, Iro, N., additional, Irwin, P., additional, Jacquemoud, S., additional, Jones, G., additional, Jones, H., additional, Justtanont, K., additional, Kehoe, T., additional, Kerschbaum, F., additional, Kerins, E., additional, Kervell, P., additional, Kipping, D., additional, Koskinen, T., additional, Krupp, N., additional, Lahav, O., additional, Laken, B., additional, Lanza, N., additional, Lellouch, E., additional, Leto, G., additional, Goldaracena, J. Licandro, additional, Bertelloni, C. Lithgow, additional, Liu, S. J., additional, Cicero, U. Lo, additional, Lodieu, N., additional, Lognonné, P., additional, Puertas, M. Lopez, additional, Valverde, M. A. Lopez, additional, Rasmussen, I. Lundgaard, additional, Luntzer, A., additional, Machado, P., additional, Tavish, C. Mac, additional, Maggio, A., additional, Maillard, J. P., additional, Magnes, W., additional, Maldonado, J., additional, Mall, U., additional, Marquette, J. B., additional, Mauskopf, P., additional, Massi, F., additional, Maurin, A. S., additional, Medvedev, A., additional, Michaut, C., additional, Paez, P. Miles, additional, Montalto, M., additional, Rodríguez, P. Montañés, additional, Monteiro, M., additional, Montes, D., additional, Morais, H., additional, Morale, J. C., additional, Morales-Calderón, M., additional, Morello, G., additional, Martín, A. Moro, additional, Moses, J., additional, Bedon, A. Moya, additional, Alcaino, F. Murgas, additional, Oliva, E., additional, Orton, G., additional, Palla, F., additional, Pancrazzi, M., additional, Pantin, E., additional, Parmentier, V., additional, Parviainen, H., additional, Ramirez, Y. Pena, additional, Peralta, J., additional, Perez-Hoyos, S., additional, Petrov, R., additional, Pezzuto, S., additional, Pietrzak, R., additional, Pilat-Lohinger, E., additional, Piskunov, N., additional, Prinja, R., additional, Prisinzano, L., additional, Polichtchouk, I., additional, Poretti, E., additional, Radioti, A., additional, Ramos, A., additional, Rank-Luftinger, T., additional, Read, P., additional, Readorn, K., additional, Lopez, R. Rebolo, additional, Rebordao, J., additional, Rengel, M., additional, Rezac, L., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Bejar, J. Sanchez, additional, Sanchez Lavega, A., additional, Sanroma, E., additional, Santos, N., additional, Forcada, J. Sanz, additional, Scandariato, G., additional, Schmider, F.- X., additional, Scholz, A., additional, Scuderi, S., additional, Sethenadh, J., additional, Shore, S., additional, Showman, A., additional, Sicardy, B., additional, Sitek, P., additional, Smith, A., additional, Soret, L., additional, Sousa, S., additional, Stiepen, A., additional, Stolarski, M., additional, Strazzulla, G., additional, Tabernero, H. M., additional, Tanga, P., additional, Tecsa, M., additional, Temple, J., additional, Terenzi, L., additional, Tessenyi, M., additional, Testi, L., additional, Thompson, S., additional, Thrastarson, H., additional, Tingley, B. W., additional, Trifoglio, M., additional, Torres, J. Martin, additional, Tozzi, A., additional, Turrini, D., additional, Varley, R., additional, Vakili, F., additional, de Val-Borro, M., additional, Valdivieso, M. L., additional, Venot, O., additional, Villaver, E., additional, Vinatier, S., additional, Viti, S., additional, Waldmann, I., additional, Waltham, D., additional, Ward-Thompson, D., additional, Waters, R., additional, Watkins, C., additional, Watson, D., additional, Wawer, P., additional, Wawrzaszk, A., additional, White, G., additional, Widemann, T., additional, Winek, W., additional, Wi.niowski, T., additional, Yelle, R., additional, Yung, Y., additional, and Yurchenko, S. N., additional

Published
2015
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14. A Population Study of Gaseous Exoplanets

Author

Tsiaras, A, Waldmann, IP, Zingales, T, Rocchetto, M, Morello, G, Damiano, M, Karpouzas, K, Tinetti, G, McKemmish, LK, Tennyson, J, Yurchenko, SN, Tsiaras, A, Waldmann, IP, Zingales, T, Rocchetto, M, Morello, G, Damiano, M, Karpouzas, K, Tinetti, G, McKemmish, LK, Tennyson, J, and Yurchenko, SN

Abstract

We present here the analysis of 30 gaseous extrasolar planets, with temperatures between 600 and 2400 K and radii between 0.35 and 1.9 R Jup. The quality of the HST/WFC3 spatially scanned data combined with our specialized analysis tools allow us to study the largest and most self-consistent sample of exoplanetary transmission spectra to date and examine the collective behavior of warm and hot gaseous planets rather than isolated case studies. We define a new metric, the Atmospheric Detectability Index (ADI) to evaluate the statistical significance of an atmospheric detection and find statistically significant atmospheres in around 16 planets out of the 30 analyzed. For most of the Jupiters in our sample, we find the detectability of their atmospheres to be dependent on the planetary radius but not on the planetary mass. This indicates that planetary gravity plays a secondary role in the state of gaseous planetary atmospheres. We detect the presence of water vapour in all of the statistically detectable atmospheres, and we cannot rule out its presence in the atmospheres of the others. In addition, TiO and/or VO signatures are detected with 4σ confidence in WASP-76 b, and they are most likely present in WASP-121 b. We find no correlation between expected signal-to-noise and atmospheric detectability for most targets. This has important implications for future large-scale surveys.

Published
2018

15. A Population Study of Gaseous Exoplanets

Author

Tsiaras, A., primary, Waldmann, I. P., additional, Zingales, T., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, Morello, G., additional, Damiano, M., additional, Karpouzas, K., additional, Tinetti, G., additional, McKemmish, L. K., additional, Tennyson, J., additional, and Yurchenko, S. N., additional

Published
2018
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18. Potassium detection in the clear atmosphere of a hot-Jupiter

Author

Sedaghati, E., primary, Boffin, H. M. J., additional, Jeřabková, T., additional, García Muñoz, A., additional, Grenfell, J. L., additional, Smette, A., additional, Ivanov, V. D., additional, Csizmadia, Sz., additional, Cabrera, J., additional, Kabath, P., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, and Rauer, H., additional

Published
2016
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19. The EChO science case

Author

Tinetti, G., Drossart, P., Eccleston, P., Hartogh, P., Isaak, K., Linder, M., Lovis, C., Micela, G., Olliver, M., Puig, L., Ribas, I., De Sio, A., Frith, J., Justtanot, K., Showman, A., Alard, C., Yurchenko, S. N., Parviainen, H., Fouqué, P., Oliva, E., Bordé, P., Balado, A., Varley, R., Di Giorgio, A., Griffin, M., Maillard, J. P., Maggio, A., Lellouch, E., Strazzulla, G., Villaver, E., Griffith, C., Stamper, R., Amado, P. J., Rezac, L., Laken, B., Hargrave, P., Orton, G., Thompson, S., Morales, J. C., Wright, G., Massi, F., Lundgaard Rasmussen, I., Altieri, F., Covino, E., Coustenis, A., Moses, J., Lithgow Bertelloni, C., Demangeon, O., Fletcher, L., Morales Calderón, M., Lo Cicero, U., López Puertas, M., Capria, M. T., Danielski, C., Luntzer, A., Bulgarelli, A., González Hernández, J., Jacquemoud, S., MacTavish, C., Mall, U., Christian Jessen, N., Sanromá, E., Femenía Castella, B., Rocchetto, M., Miles Paez, P., Allard, F., Aylward, A., Leconte, J., Palla, F., White, G., Malaguti, G., Cavarroc, C., Lammer, H., Leto, G., Batista, V., Adybekian, V., Readorn, K., Polichtchouk, I., Petrov, R., García Piquer, A., Pancrazzi, M., Gómez Leal, I., Israelian, G., Rebolo López, R., Peralta, J., Giro, E., Tecsa, M., Haigh, J., Moro Martín, A., Pezzuto, S., Piskunov, N., Agnor, C., Hollis, M., Radioti, A., De Kok, R., Gear, W., Eymet, V., Achilleos, N., Koskinen, T., Maurin, A. S., Rank Lüftinger, T., Barlow, M., Figueira, P., Affer, L., Viti, S., Machado, P., Vakili, F., Burston, R., González Merino, B., Dominic, C., Dorfi, E., Smith, A., Sitek, P., Sánchez Lavega, A., Kerschbaum, F., Hoogeeven, R., Ballerini, P., Filacchione, G., Rodler, F., Stixrude, L., Parmentier, V., Del Val Borro, M., Vandenbussche, B., Tingley, B. W., Deeg, H. J., Tabernero, H. M., Shore, S., Fossey, S., Alonso Floriano, F. J., Santos, N., Tozzi, A., Kipping, D., Maruquette, J. B., Trifoglio, M., Scandaratio, G., Scuderi, S., Hébrard, E., Lodieu, N., Forget, F., Gustin, J., Poretti, E., Murgas Alcaino, F., Sicardy, B., Stiepen, A., Hubert, B., Grodent, D., Magnes, W., Tennyson, J., Temple, J., Galand, M., Barton, E. J., Winter, B., Valdivieso, M. L., Cordier, D., Heredero, R. L., Barrado, D., Mueller Wodarg, I., Giani, E., Correira, A., Widemann, T., Ward Thompson, D., Montañés Rodríguez, P., Moya Bedon, A., Venot, O., Prinja, R., Pinfield, D., Waldmann, I., Morello, G., Lim, T., Pallé, E., Waters, R., Wawer, P., Lognonné, P., Pietrzak, R., Fernández Hernández, Maite, Winek, W., Andersen, A., Monteiro, M., Liu, S. J., Rengel, M., Tanga, P., Yelle, R., Barstow, J. K., Maldonado, J., Irshad, R., Nelson, R., Colomé, J., De Witt, J., Lanza, N., Glasse, A., Coudé du Foresto, V., Branduardi Raymont, G., Beaulieu, J. P., Claudi, R., García López, Ramón, Eales, S., López Valverde, M. A., Turrini, D., Vinatier, S., Crook, J., Damasso, M., Ramos Zapata, G., Kovács, G., Banaszkiewicz, M., Focardi, M., Mauskopf, P., Guedel, M., Rebordao, J., Stolarski, M., Adriani, A., Norgaard Nielsen, H. U., Selig, A., Peña Ramírez, K. Y., Schmider, F. X., Baffa, C., Piccioni, G., Pantin, E., Bowles, N., Hornstrup, A., Pilat Lohinger, E., Buchhave, L. A., Soret, L., Börne, P., López Morales, M., Medvedev, A., Gesa, L., Jones, H., Pérez Hoyos, S., Gerard, J. C., Bellucci, G., Morais, H., Álvarez Iglesias, C. A., Abe, L., Pinsard, F., Tessenyi, M., Blecka, M., Wawrzaszk, A., Middleton, K., Martín Torres, J., Cho, J., Berry, D., Rataj, M., Schrader, J. R., Scholz, A., Watkins, C., Abreu, M., Testi, L., Decin, L., Sánz Forcada, J., Sozzetti, A., Lagage, P. O., Ade, P., Alcala, J., Sousa, S., Espinoza Contreras, M., Swinyard, B., Dobrijévic, M., Sánchez Béjar, V. J., Krupp, N., Bakos, G., Chamberlain, S., Chadney, J., Brown, L., Iro, N., Montalto, M., Sethenadh, J., Bouy, H., Ottensamer, R., Kehoe, T., Doel, P., Delgado Mena, E., Read, P., Coates, A., Cecchi Pestellini, C., Guillot, T., Budaj, J., Selsis, F., Jarchow, C., Del Vecchio, C., Cassan, A., Burleigh, M. R., Pagano, I., Ray, T., Gambicorti, L., Biondi, D., Cerulli, R., Ciaravella, A., Watson, D., Deroo, P., Collura, A., Graczyk, R., North, C., Ramos, A. A., Waltham, D., Montes, D., Gianotti, F., Thrastarson, H., Cockell, C., Pace, E., Bryson, I., Gómez, H., Esposito, M., Azzollini, R., Allende Prieto, C., Gillon, M., Fabrizio, N., Rickman, H., Rees, J. M., Pascale, E., Luzzi, D., Bonford, B., Cole, R., Gizon, L., Licandro Goldaracena, J., Agundez, M., Lahav, O., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Gaulme, P., Encrenaz, T., Heyrovsky, D., Guàrdia, J., Prisinzano, L., Terenzi, L., Swain, M., Grassi, D., Eiroa, C., Maxted, P., Kerins, E., Yung, Y., Irwin, P., Herrero, E., Guio, P., Boisse, I., Claret, A., Kervella, P., Heiter, U., Bézard, B., Cabral, A., Michaut, C., Giuranna, M., Hersant, F., Hueso, R., Savini, G., Snellen, I. A., Charnoz, S., Jones, G., Belmonte Avilés, J. A., Barber, R. J., Wisniowski, T., Morgante, G., University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dpto. de Organización de Empresas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - 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2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Center for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Centre for Astrophysics Research [Hatfield], University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), ECLIPSE 2015, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Centro de Astronomia e Astrofísica da Universidade de Lisboa (CAAUL), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW), University of Stuttgart, Institute for Control Engineering of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Units (ISW), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Curie [Paris], Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University [Newcastle], foreign laboratories (FL), CERN [Genève], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental, Estrutura de Missão para a Extensão para a Extensão da Plataforma Continental, Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck] (CPS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dark Cosmology Centre (DARK), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Departamento de Astrofisica [Madrid], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Department of Geoscience, Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], African Earth Observatory Network - Earth Stewardship Science Research Institute (AEON-ESSRI), Animal Genetics, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovacao (INETI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università di Salerno - Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC)-Carolina Center for the Genome Sciences, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ASP 2015, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute for Astronomy [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH = German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Dipartimento di Matematica 'Ulisse Dini', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université de Rennes (UR), Imperial College London, Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bradford, Instituto Universitario de Electroquimica, Universidad de Alicante, Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (CREN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Osserv Astrofis Catania, Ist Nazl Astrofis, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Consejo Super Invest Cient, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, ES-18080 Granada, Spain, Department of Rheumatology (LEIDEN - Rhumato), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Department of Rheumatology (COIMBRA - Rhumato), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Department of Computer Science [Verona] (UNIVR | DI), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), IEB-UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, Departamento de Física e Astronomia [Porto] (DFA/FCUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH (BIBA), Universität Bremen, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Plasmon Nano-optics, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques [Castelldefels] (ICFO), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Hong Kong Government Environmental Protection Department, Water Policy and Science Group, National Space Agencies, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Agency, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) - Grenoble-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), University of Oxford [Oxford], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Institut Curie, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], AEON-ESSRI African Earth Observatory Network — Earth Stewardship Science Research Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovacco (INETI), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), IRTA, Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (LAOB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH (DFKI), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche, culture, éducation, formation, travail (CIRCEFT), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Station biologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Informatica [Verona], Università degli Studi di Verona, Departamento de Física e Astronomia [Porto], UMR5116, Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Rebordao, J. [0000-0002-7418-0345], Kerschbaum, F. [0000-0001-6320-0980], Abreu, M. [0000-0002-0716-9568], Tabernero, H. [0000-0002-8087-4298], López Puertas, M. [0000-0003-2941-7734], Jacquemoud, S. [0000-0002-1500-5256], Tennyson, J. [0000-0002-4994-5238], Focardi, M. [0000-0002-3806-4283], Leto, G. [0000-0002-0040-5011], Lodieu, N. [0000-0002-3612-8968], Tinetti, G. [0000-0001-6058-6654], Sanroma, E. [0000-0001-8859-7937], Poretti, E. [0000-0003-1200-0473], Deeg, H. [0000-0003-0047-4241], Grassi, D. [0000-0003-1653-3066], Piccioni, G. [0000-0002-7893-6808], Ribas, I. [0000-0002-6689-0312], Coates, A. [0000-0002-6185-3125], García Ramón, J. [0000-0002-8204-6832], Bouy, H. [0000-0002-7084-487X[, Lognonne, P. [0000-0002-1014-920X], Demangeon, O. [0000-0001-7918-0355], Morales, J. C. [0000-0003-0061-518X], Ray, T. [0000-0002-2110-1068], Guio, P. [0000-0002-1607-5862], Tanga, P. [0000-0002-2718-997X], Prisinzano, L. [0000-0002-8893-2210], Barstow, J. [0000-0003-3726-5419], Balado, A. [0000-0003-4268-2516], Lithgow Bertelloni, C. [0000-0003-0924-6587], Barton, E. [0000-0001-5945-9244], Delgado, M. E. [0000-0003-4434-2195], Affer, L. [0000-0001-5600-3778], Ciaravella, A. [0000-0002-3127-8078], Barrado Navascues, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Figueira, P. [0000-0001-8504-283X], Covino, E. [0000-0002-6187-6685], Venot, O. [0000-0003-2854-765X], Cabral, A. [0000-0002-9433-871X], Watson, D. [0000-0002-4465-8264], Morales Calderon, M. [0000-0001-9526-9499], Ward Thompson, D. [0000-0003-1140-2761], Rebolo, R. [0000-0003-3767-7085], López Valverde, M. A. [0000-0002-7989-4267], Gillon, M. [0000-0003-1462-7739], Morgante, G. [0000-0001-9234-7412], Zapatero Osorio, M. R. [0000-0001-5664-2852], Bulgarelli, A. [0000-0001-6347-0649], Pena Ramírez, K. [0000-0002-5855-401X], Galand, M. [0000-0001-5797-914X], Pancrazzi, M. [0000-0002-3789-2482], Malaguti, G. [0000-0001-9872-3378], Sánchez Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Waldmann, I. [0000-0002-4205-5267], Kovacs, G. [0000-0002-2365-2330], Guillot, T. [0000-0002-7188-8428], Turrini, D. [0000-0002-1923-7740], Altieri, F. [0000-0002-6338-8300], Bellucci, G. [0000-0003-0867-8679], Baffa, C. [0000-0002-4935-100X], Olivia, E. [0000-0002-9123-0412], Selsis, F. [0000-0001-9619-5356], Scuderi, Salvatore [0000-0002-8637-2109], Hersant, F. [0000-0002-2687-7500], Gear, W. [0000-0001-6789-6196], Damasso, M. [0000-0001-9984-4278], Tizzi, A. [0000-0002-6725-3825], Pinfield, D. [0000-0002-7804-4260], Kipping, D. [0000-0002-4365-7366], Maldonado, J. [0000-0002-4282-1072], Pace, E. [0000-0001-5870-1772], Burleigh, M. [0000-0003-0684-7803], Monteiro, M. [0000-0001-5644-0898], Pilat Lohinger, E. [0000-0002-5292-1923], Chadney, J. [0000-0002-5174-2114], Moro Martín, A. [0000-0001-9504-8426], Claret, A. [0000-0002-4045-8134], Gómez, H. [0000-0003-3398-0052], Maldonado, J. [0000-0002-2218-5689], Michaut, C. [0000-0002-2578-0117], Hornstrup, A. [0000-0002-3363-0936], Scholz, A. [0000-0001-8993-5053], Irwin, P. [0000-0002-6772-384X], Bezard, B. [0000-0002-5433-5661], López Heredero, R. [0000-0002-2197-8388], Sanz Forcada, J. [0000-0002-1600-7835], Danielski, C. [0000-0002-3729-2663], Sousa, S. [0000-0001-9047-2965], Medved, A. [0000-0003-2713-8977], Bakos, G. [0000-0001-7204-6727], Ade, P. [0000-0002-5127-0401], Vandenbussche, B. [0000-0002-1368-3109], Martín Torres, J. [0000-0001-6479-2236], Correira, A. [0000-0002-8946-8579], Haigh, J. [0000-0001-5504-4754], Scandariato, G. [0000-0003-2029-0626], Guedel, M. [0000-0001-9818-0588], Sánchez Bejar, V. [0000-0002-5086-4232], Rodríguez, P. [0000-0002-6855-9682], Piskunov, N. [0000-0001-5742-7767], Adibekyan, V. [0000-0002-0601-6199], Pérez Hoyos, S. [0000-0001-9797-4917], Kervella, P. [0000-0003-0626-1749], Pascale, E. [0000-0002-3242-8154], Claudi, R. [0000-0001-7707-5105], Filacchione, G. [0000-0001-9567-0055], Rickman, H. [0000-0002-9603-6619], Amado, P. J. [0000-0002-8388-6040], Maggio, A. [0000-0001-5154-6108], Agundez, M. [0000-0003-3248-3564], Montes, D. [0000-0002-7779-238X], Fletcher, L. [0000-0001-5834-9588], Stixrude, L. [0000-0003-3778-2432], Morais, M. H. [0000-0001-5333-2736], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Yurchenko, S. [0000-0001-9286-9501], Rataj, M. [0000-0002-2978-9629], Pérez Hoyos, S. [0000-0002-2587-4682], Santos, N. [0000-0003-4422-2919], Peralta, J. [0000-0002-6823-1695], Budaj, J. [0000-0002-9125-7340], Barlow, M. 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Subjects
Astrofísica, Solar System, Computer science, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], HOT-JUPITER ATMOSPHERES, 7. Clean energy, Space missions, law.invention, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Planet, law, Observatory, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Transit (astronomy), Atmospheric science, Exoplanets, IR astronomy, Spectroscopy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, QC, QB, Eclipse, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Exoplanet, GIANT PLANETS, Physical Sciences, ENERGY-BALANCE, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Population, MU-M, FOS: Physical sciences, F500, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Telescope, INFRARED-EMISSION-SPECTRUM, education, [ SDU.ASTR ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], EXTRASOLAR PLANET ATMOSPHERE, Science & Technology, Astronomy, EXOPLANET HD 189733B, HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE, Astronomía, TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, 13. Climate action, WATER-VAPOR, astro-ph.EP, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The discovery of almost 2000 exoplanets has revealed an unexpectedly diverse planet population. Observations to date have shown that our Solar System is certainly not representative of the general population of planets in our Milky Way. The key science questions that urgently need addressing are therefore: What are exoplanets made of? Why are planets as they are? What causes the exceptional diversity observed as compared to the Solar System? EChO (Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory) has been designed as a dedicated survey mission for transit and eclipse spectroscopy capable of observing a large and diverse planet sample within its four-year mission lifetime. EChO can target the atmospheres of super-Earths, Neptune-like, and Jupiter-like planets, in the very hot to temperate zones (planet temperatures of 300K-3000K) of F to M-type host stars. Over the next ten years, several new ground- and space-based transit surveys will come on-line (e.g. NGTS, CHEOPS, TESS, PLATO), which will specifically focus on finding bright, nearby systems. The current rapid rate of discovery would allow the target list to be further optimised in the years prior to EChO's launch and enable the atmospheric characterisation of hundreds of planets. Placing the satellite at L2 provides a cold and stable thermal environment, as well as a large field of regard to allow efficient time-critical observation of targets randomly distributed over the sky. A 1m class telescope is sufficiently large to achieve the necessary spectro-photometric precision. The spectral coverage (0.5-11 micron, goal 16 micron) and SNR to be achieved by EChO, thanks to its high stability and dedicated design, would enable a very accurate measurement of the atmospheric composition and structure of hundreds of exoplanets., Comment: 50 pages, 30 figures. Experimental Astronomy

Published
2015

20. The science of ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey)

Author

Tinetti, G., additional, Drossart, P., additional, Eccleston, P., additional, Hartogh, P., additional, Heske, A., additional, Leconte, J., additional, Micela, G., additional, Ollivier, M., additional, Pilbratt, G., additional, Puig, L., additional, Turrini, D., additional, Vandenbussche, B., additional, Wolkenberg, P., additional, Pascale, E., additional, Beaulieu, J.-P., additional, Güdel, M., additional, Min, M., additional, Rataj, M., additional, Ray, T., additional, Ribas, I., additional, Barstow, J., additional, Bowles, N., additional, Coustenis, A., additional, Coudé du Foresto, V., additional, Decin, L., additional, Encrenaz, T., additional, Forget, F., additional, Friswell, M, additional, Griffin, M., additional, Lagage, P. O., additional, Malaguti, P., additional, Moneti, A., additional, Morales, J. C., additional, Pace, E., additional, Rocchetto, M., additional, Sarkar, S., additional, Selsis, F., additional, Taylor, W., additional, Tennyson, J., additional, Venot, O., additional, Waldmann, I. P., additional, Wright, G., additional, Zingales, T., additional, and Zapatero-Osorio, M. R., additional

Published
2016
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21. DETECTION OF AN ATMOSPHERE AROUND THE SUPER-EARTH 55 CANCRI E

Author

Tsiaras, A., primary, Rocchetto, M., additional, Waldmann, I. P., additional, Venot, O., additional, Varley, R., additional, Morello, G., additional, Damiano, M., additional, Tinetti, G., additional, Barton, E. J., additional, Yurchenko, S. N., additional, and Tennyson, J., additional

Published
2016
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27. The science of ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey)

Author

MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Lystrup, Makenzie, Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Tinetti, G., Drossart, P., Eccleston, P., Hartogh, P., Heske, A., Leconte, J., Micela, G., Ollivier, M., Pilbratt, G., Puig, L., Turrini, D., Vandenbussche, B., Wolkenberg, P., Pascale, E., Beaulieu, J.-P., Güdel, M., Min, M., Rataj, M., Ray, T., Ribas, I., Barstow, J., Bowles, N., Coustenis, A., Coudé du Foresto, V., Decin, L., Encrenaz, T., Forget, F., Friswell, M, Griffin, M., Lagage, P. O., Malaguti, P., Moneti, A., Morales, J. C., Pace, E., Rocchetto, M., Sarkar, S., Selsis, F., Taylor, W., Tennyson, J., Venot, O., Waldmann, I. P., Wright, G., Zingales, T., and Zapatero-Osorio, M. R.

Published
2016
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29. The EChO science case

Author

Tinetti, Giovanna, Drossart, Pierre, Eccleston, Paul, Hartogh, Paul, Isaak, Kate, Linder, Martin, Lovis, Christophe, Micela, Giusi, Ollivier, Marc, Puig, Ludovic, Ribas, Ignasi, Snellen, Ignas, Swinyard, Bruce, Allard, France, Barstow, Joanna, Cho, James, Coustenis, Athena, Cockell, Charles, Correia, Alexandre, Decin, Leen, de Kok, Remco, Deroo, Pieter, Encrenaz, Therese, Forget, Francois, Glasse, Alistair, Griffith, Caitlin, Guillot, Tristan, Koskinen, Tommi, Lammer, Helmut, Leconte, Jeremy, Maxted, Pierre, Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo, Nelson, Richard, North, Chris, Pallé, Enric, Pagano, Isabella, Piccioni, Guseppe, Pinfield, David, Selsis, Franck, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stixrude, Lars, Tennyson, Jonathan, Turrini, Diego, Zapatero-Osorio, Mariarosa, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Grodent, Denis, Guedel, Manuel, Luz, David, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Ray, Tom, Rickman, Hans, Selig, Avri, Swain, Mark, Banaszkiewicz, Marek, Barlow, Mike, Bowles, Neil, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, du Foresto, Vincent Coudé, Gerard, Jean-Claude, Gizon, Laurent, Hornstrup, Allan, Jarchow, Christopher, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kovacs, Géza, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lim, Tanya, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Malaguti, Giuseppe, Pace, Emanuele, Pascale, Enzo, Vandenbussche, Bart, Wright, Gillian, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Adriani, Alberto, Azzollini, Ruymán, Balado, Ana, Bryson, Ian, Burston, Raymond, Colomé, Josep, Crook, Martin, Di Giorgio, Anna, Griffin, Matt, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Ottensamer, Roland, Irshad, Ranah, Middleton, Kevin, Morgante, Gianluca, Pinsard, Frederic, Rataj, Mirek, Reess, Jean-Michel, Savini, Giorgio, Schrader, Jan-Rutger, Stamper, Richard, Winter, Berend, Abe, L., Abreu, M., Achilleos, N., Ade, P., Adybekian, V., Affer, L., Agnor, C., Agundez, M., Alard, C., Alcala, J., Allende Prieto, C., Alonso Floriano, F. J., Altieri, F., Alvarez Iglesias, C. A., Amado, P., Andersen, A., Aylward, A., Baffa, C., Bakos, G., Ballerini, P., Banaszkiewicz, M., Barber, R. J., Barrado, D., Barton, E. J., Batista, V., Bellucci, G., Belmonte Avilés, J. A., Berry, D., Bézard, B., Biondi, D., Błęcka, M., Boisse, I., Bonfond, B., Bordé, P., Börner, P., Bouy, H., Brown, L., Buchhave, L., Budaj, J., Bulgarelli, A., Burleigh, M., Cabral, A., Capria, M. T., Cassan, A., Cavarroc, C., Cecchi-Pestellini, C., Cerulli, R., Chadney, J., Chamberlain, S., Charnoz, S., Christian Jessen, N., Ciaravella, A., Claret, A., Claudi, R., Coates, A., Cole, R., Collura, A., Cordier, D., Covino, E., Danielski, C., Damasso, M., Deeg, H. J., Delgado-Mena, E., Del Vecchio, C., Demangeon, O., De Sio, A., De Wit, J., Dobrijévic, M., Doel, P., Dominic, C., Dorfi, E., Eales, S., Eiroa, C., Espinoza Contreras, M., Esposito, M., Eymet, V., Fabrizio, N., Fernández, M., Femenía Castella, B., Figueira, P., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L., Focardi, M., Fossey, S., Fouqué, P., Frith, J., Galand, M., Gambicorti, L., Gaulme, P., García López, R. J., Garcia-Piquer, A., Gear, W., Gerard, J.-C., Gesa, L., Giani, E., Gianotti, F., Gillon, M., Giro, E., Giuranna, M., Gomez, H., Gomez-Leal, I., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., González Merino, B., Graczyk, R., Grassi, D., Guardia, J., Guio, P., Gustin, J., Hargrave, P., Haigh, J., Hébrard, E., Heiter, U., Heredero, R. L., Herrero, E., Hersant, F., Heyrovsky, D., Hollis, M., Hubert, B., Hueso, R., Israelian, G., Iro, N., Irwin, P., Jacquemoud, S., Jones, G., Jones, H., Justtanont, K., Kehoe, T., Kerschbaum, F., Kerins, E., Kervella, P., Kipping, D., Koskinen, T., Krupp, N., Lahav, O., Laken, B., Lanza, N., Lellouch, E., Leto, G., Licandro Goldaracena, J., Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., Liu, S. J., Lo Cicero, U., Lodieu, N., Lognonné, P., Lopez-Puertas, M., Lopez-Valverde, M. A., Lundgaard Rasmussen, I., Luntzer, A., Machado, P., MacTavish, C., Maggio, A., Maillard, J.-P., Magnes, W., Maldonado, J., Mall, U., Marquette, J.-B., Mauskopf, P., Massi, F., Maurin, A.-S., Medvedev, A., Michaut, C., Miles-Paez, P., Montalto, M., Montañés Rodríguez, P., Monteiro, M., Montes, D., Morais, H., Morales, J. C., Morales-Calderón, M., Morello, G., Moro Martín, A., Moses, J., Moya Bedon, A., Murgas Alcaino, F., Oliva, E., Orton, G., Palla, F., Pancrazzi, M., Pantin, E., Parmentier, V., Parviainen, H., Peña Ramírez, K. Y., Peralta, J., Perez-Hoyos, S., Petrov, R., Pezzuto, S., Pietrzak, R., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Piskunov, N., Prinja, R., Prisinzano, L., Polichtchouk, I., Poretti, E., Radioti, A., Ramos, A. A., Rank-Lüftinger, T., Read, P., Readorn, K., Rebolo López, R., Rebordão, J., Rengel, M., Rezac, L., Rocchetto, M., Rodler, F., Sánchez Béjar, V. J., Sanchez Lavega, A., Sanromá, E., Santos, N., Sanz Forcada, J., Scandariato, G., Schmider, F.-X., Scholz, A., Scuderi, S., Sethenadh, J., Shore, S., Showman, A., Sicardy, B., Sitek, P., Smith, A., Soret, L., Sousa, S., Stiepen, A., Stolarski, M., Strazzulla, G., Tabernero, H. M., Tanga, P., Tecsa, M., Temple, J., Terenzi, L., Tessenyi, M., Testi, L., Thompson, S., Thrastarson, H., Tingley, B. W., Trifoglio, M., Martín Torres, J., Tozzi, A., Turrini, D., Varley, R., Vakili, F., de Val-Borro, M., Valdivieso, M. L., Venot, O., Villaver, E., Vinatier, S., Viti, S., Waldmann, I., Waltham, D., Ward-Thompson, D., Waters, R., Watkins, C., Watson, D., Wawer, P., Wawrzaszk, A., White, G. J., Widemann, T., Winek, W., Wiśniowski, T., Yelle, R., Yung, Y., Yurchenko, S. N., Tinetti, Giovanna, Drossart, Pierre, Eccleston, Paul, Hartogh, Paul, Isaak, Kate, Linder, Martin, Lovis, Christophe, Micela, Giusi, Ollivier, Marc, Puig, Ludovic, Ribas, Ignasi, Snellen, Ignas, Swinyard, Bruce, Allard, France, Barstow, Joanna, Cho, James, Coustenis, Athena, Cockell, Charles, Correia, Alexandre, Decin, Leen, de Kok, Remco, Deroo, Pieter, Encrenaz, Therese, Forget, Francois, Glasse, Alistair, Griffith, Caitlin, Guillot, Tristan, Koskinen, Tommi, Lammer, Helmut, Leconte, Jeremy, Maxted, Pierre, Mueller-Wodarg, Ingo, Nelson, Richard, North, Chris, Pallé, Enric, Pagano, Isabella, Piccioni, Guseppe, Pinfield, David, Selsis, Franck, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stixrude, Lars, Tennyson, Jonathan, Turrini, Diego, Zapatero-Osorio, Mariarosa, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Grodent, Denis, Guedel, Manuel, Luz, David, Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik, Ray, Tom, Rickman, Hans, Selig, Avri, Swain, Mark, Banaszkiewicz, Marek, Barlow, Mike, Bowles, Neil, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, du Foresto, Vincent Coudé, Gerard, Jean-Claude, Gizon, Laurent, Hornstrup, Allan, Jarchow, Christopher, Kerschbaum, Franz, Kovacs, Géza, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lim, Tanya, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Malaguti, Giuseppe, Pace, Emanuele, Pascale, Enzo, Vandenbussche, Bart, Wright, Gillian, Zapata, Gonzalo Ramos, Adriani, Alberto, Azzollini, Ruymán, Balado, Ana, Bryson, Ian, Burston, Raymond, Colomé, Josep, Crook, Martin, Di Giorgio, Anna, Griffin, Matt, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Ottensamer, Roland, Irshad, Ranah, Middleton, Kevin, Morgante, Gianluca, Pinsard, Frederic, Rataj, Mirek, Reess, Jean-Michel, Savini, Giorgio, Schrader, Jan-Rutger, Stamper, Richard, Winter, Berend, Abe, L., Abreu, M., Achilleos, N., Ade, P., Adybekian, V., Affer, L., Agnor, C., Agundez, M., Alard, C., Alcala, J., Allende Prieto, C., Alonso Floriano, F. J., Altieri, F., Alvarez Iglesias, C. A., Amado, P., Andersen, A., Aylward, A., Baffa, C., Bakos, G., Ballerini, P., Banaszkiewicz, M., Barber, R. J., Barrado, D., Barton, E. J., Batista, V., Bellucci, G., Belmonte Avilés, J. A., Berry, D., Bézard, B., Biondi, D., Błęcka, M., Boisse, I., Bonfond, B., Bordé, P., Börner, P., Bouy, H., Brown, L., Buchhave, L., Budaj, J., Bulgarelli, A., Burleigh, M., Cabral, A., Capria, M. T., Cassan, A., Cavarroc, C., Cecchi-Pestellini, C., Cerulli, R., Chadney, J., Chamberlain, S., Charnoz, S., Christian Jessen, N., Ciaravella, A., Claret, A., Claudi, R., Coates, A., Cole, R., Collura, A., Cordier, D., Covino, E., Danielski, C., Damasso, M., Deeg, H. J., Delgado-Mena, E., Del Vecchio, C., Demangeon, O., De Sio, A., De Wit, J., Dobrijévic, M., Doel, P., Dominic, C., Dorfi, E., Eales, S., Eiroa, C., Espinoza Contreras, M., Esposito, M., Eymet, V., Fabrizio, N., Fernández, M., Femenía Castella, B., Figueira, P., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L., Focardi, M., Fossey, S., Fouqué, P., Frith, J., Galand, M., Gambicorti, L., Gaulme, P., García López, R. J., Garcia-Piquer, A., Gear, W., Gerard, J.-C., Gesa, L., Giani, E., Gianotti, F., Gillon, M., Giro, E., Giuranna, M., Gomez, H., Gomez-Leal, I., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., González Merino, B., Graczyk, R., Grassi, D., Guardia, J., Guio, P., Gustin, J., Hargrave, P., Haigh, J., Hébrard, E., Heiter, U., Heredero, R. L., Herrero, E., Hersant, F., Heyrovsky, D., Hollis, M., Hubert, B., Hueso, R., Israelian, G., Iro, N., Irwin, P., Jacquemoud, S., Jones, G., Jones, H., Justtanont, K., Kehoe, T., Kerschbaum, F., Kerins, E., Kervella, P., Kipping, D., Koskinen, T., Krupp, N., Lahav, O., Laken, B., Lanza, N., Lellouch, E., Leto, G., Licandro Goldaracena, J., Lithgow-Bertelloni, C., Liu, S. J., Lo Cicero, U., Lodieu, N., Lognonné, P., Lopez-Puertas, M., Lopez-Valverde, M. A., Lundgaard Rasmussen, I., Luntzer, A., Machado, P., MacTavish, C., Maggio, A., Maillard, J.-P., Magnes, W., Maldonado, J., Mall, U., Marquette, J.-B., Mauskopf, P., Massi, F., Maurin, A.-S., Medvedev, A., Michaut, C., Miles-Paez, P., Montalto, M., Montañés Rodríguez, P., Monteiro, M., Montes, D., Morais, H., Morales, J. C., Morales-Calderón, M., Morello, G., Moro Martín, A., Moses, J., Moya Bedon, A., Murgas Alcaino, F., Oliva, E., Orton, G., Palla, F., Pancrazzi, M., Pantin, E., Parmentier, V., Parviainen, H., Peña Ramírez, K. Y., Peralta, J., Perez-Hoyos, S., Petrov, R., Pezzuto, S., Pietrzak, R., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Piskunov, N., Prinja, R., Prisinzano, L., Polichtchouk, I., Poretti, E., Radioti, A., Ramos, A. A., Rank-Lüftinger, T., Read, P., Readorn, K., Rebolo López, R., Rebordão, J., Rengel, M., Rezac, L., Rocchetto, M., Rodler, F., Sánchez Béjar, V. J., Sanchez Lavega, A., Sanromá, E., Santos, N., Sanz Forcada, J., Scandariato, G., Schmider, F.-X., Scholz, A., Scuderi, S., Sethenadh, J., Shore, S., Showman, A., Sicardy, B., Sitek, P., Smith, A., Soret, L., Sousa, S., Stiepen, A., Stolarski, M., Strazzulla, G., Tabernero, H. M., Tanga, P., Tecsa, M., Temple, J., Terenzi, L., Tessenyi, M., Testi, L., Thompson, S., Thrastarson, H., Tingley, B. W., Trifoglio, M., Martín Torres, J., Tozzi, A., Turrini, D., Varley, R., Vakili, F., de Val-Borro, M., Valdivieso, M. L., Venot, O., Villaver, E., Vinatier, S., Viti, S., Waldmann, I., Waltham, D., Ward-Thompson, D., Waters, R., Watkins, C., Watson, D., Wawer, P., Wawrzaszk, A., White, G. J., Widemann, T., Winek, W., Wiśniowski, T., Yelle, R., Yung, Y., and Yurchenko, S. N.

Abstract

The discovery of almost two thousand exoplanets has revealed an unexpectedly diverse planet population. We see gas giants in few-day orbits, whole multi-planet systems within the orbit of Mercury, and new populations of planets with masses between that of the Earth and Neptune—all unknown in the Solar System. Observations to date have shown that our Solar System is certainly not representative of the general population of planets in our Milky Way. The key science questions that urgently need addressing are therefore: What are exoplanets made of? Why are planets as they are? How do planetary systems work and what causes the exceptional diversity observed as compared to the Solar System? The EChO (Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory) space mission was conceived to take up the challenge to explain this diversity in terms of formation, evolution, internal structure and planet and atmospheric composition. This requires in-depth spectroscopic knowledge of the atmospheres of a large and well-defined planet sample for which precise physical, chemical and dynamical information can be obtained. In order to fulfil this ambitious scientific program, EChO was designed as a dedicated survey mission for transit and eclipse spectroscopy capable of observing a large, diverse and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. The transit and eclipse spectroscopy method, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allows us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of at least 10−4 relative to the star. This can only be achieved in conjunction with a carefully designed stable payload and satellite platform. It is also necessary to provide broad instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect as many molecular species as possible, to probe the thermal structure of the planetary atmospheres and to correct for the contaminating effects of the stellar photosphere. This requires

30. ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations

Author

Kokori, A., Tsiaras, A., Edwards, B., Jones, A., Pantelidou, G., Tinetti, G., Bewersdorff, L., Iliadou, A., Jongen, Y., Lekkas, G., Nastasi, A., Poultourtzidis, E., Sidiropoulos, C., Walter, F., Wünsche, A., Abraham, R., Agnihotri, V. K., Albanesi, R., Arce-Mansego, E., Arnot, D., Audejean, M., Aumasson, C., Bachschmidt, M., Baj, G., Barroy, P. R., Belinski, A. A., Bennett, D., Benni, P., Bernacki, K., Betti, L., Biagini, A., Bosch, P., Brandebourg, P., Brát, L., Bretton, M., Brincat, S. M., Brouillard, S., Bruzas, A., Bruzzone, A., Buckland, R. A., Caló, M., Campos, F., Carreño, A., Carrion Rodrigo, J. A., Casali, R., Casalnuovo, G., Cataneo, M., Chang, C.-M., Changeat, L., Chowdhury, V., Ciantini, R., Cilluffo, M., Coliac, J.-F., Conzo, G., Correa, M., Coulon, G., Crouzet, N., Crow, M. V., Curtis, I. A., Daniel, D., Dauchet, B., Dawes, S., Deldem, M., Deligeorgopoulos, D., Dransfield, G., Dymock, R., Eenmäe, T., Esseiva, N., Evans, P., Falco, C., Farfán, R. G., Fernández-Lajús, E., Ferratfiat, S., Ferreira, S. L., Ferretti, A., Fiołka, J., Fowler, M., Futcher, S. R., Gabellini, D., Gainey, T., Gaitan, J., Gajdoš, P., García-Sánchez, A., Garlitz, J., Gillier, C., Gison, C., Gonzales, J., Gorshanov, D., Grau Horta, F., Grivas, G., Guerra, P., Guillot, T., Haswell, C. A., Haymes, T., Hentunen, V.-P., Hills, K., Hose, K., Humbert, T., Hurter, F., Hynek, T., Irzyk, M., Jacobsen, J., Jannetta, A. L., Johnson, K., Jóźwik-Wabik, P., Kaeouach, A. E., Kang, W., Kiiskinen, H., Kim, T., Kivila, Ü., Koch, B., Kolb, U., Kučáková, H., Lai, S.-P., Laloum, D., Lasota, S., Lewis, L. A., Liakos, G.-I., Libotte, F., Lomoz, F., Lopresti, C., Majewski, R., Malcher, A., Mallonn, M., Mannucci, M., Marchini, A., Mari, J.-M., Marino, A., Marino, G., Mario, J.-C., Marquette, J.-B., Martínez-Bravo, F. A., Mašek, M., Matassa, P., Michel, P., Michelet, J., Miller, M., Miny, E., Molina, D., Mollier, T., Monteleone, B., Montigiani, N., Morales-Aimar, M., Mortari, F., Morvan, M., Mugnai, L. V., Murawski, G., Naponiello, L., Naudin, J.-L., Naves, R., Néel, D., Neito, R., Neveu, S., Noschese, A., Öğmen, Y., Ohshima, O., Orbanic, Z., Pace, E. P., Pantacchini, C., Paschalis, N. I., Pereira, C., Peretto, I., Perroud, V., Phillips, M., Pintr, P., Pioppa, J.-B., Plazas, J., Poelarends, A. J., Popowicz, A., Purcell, J., Quinn, N., Raetz, M., Rees, D., Regembal, F., Rocchetto, M., Rocci, P.-F., Rockenbauer, M., Roth, R., Rousselot, L., Rubia, X., Ruocco, N., Russo, E., Salisbury, M., Salvaggio, F., Santos, A., Savage, J., Scaggiante, F., Sedita, D., Shadick, S., Silva, A. F., Sioulas, N., Školník, V., Smith, M., Smolka, M., Solmaz, A., Stanbury, N., Stouraitis, D., Tan, T.-G., Theusner, M., Thurston, G., Tifner, F. P., Tomacelli, A., Tomatis, A., Trnka, J., Tylšar, M., Valeau, P., Vignes, J.-P., Villa, A., Sureda, A. Vives, Vora, K., Vrašt’ák, M., Walliang, D., Wenzel, B., Wright, D. E., Zambelli, R., Zhang, M., Zíbar, M., Kokori, A., Tsiaras, A., Edwards, B., Jones, A., Pantelidou, G., Tinetti, G., Bewersdorff, L., Iliadou, A., Jongen, Y., Lekkas, G., Nastasi, A., Poultourtzidis, E., Sidiropoulos, C., Walter, F., Wünsche, A., Abraham, R., Agnihotri, V. K., Albanesi, R., Arce-Mansego, E., Arnot, D., Audejean, M., Aumasson, C., Bachschmidt, M., Baj, G., Barroy, P. R., Belinski, A. A., Bennett, D., Benni, P., Bernacki, K., Betti, L., Biagini, A., Bosch, P., Brandebourg, P., Brát, L., Bretton, M., Brincat, S. M., Brouillard, S., Bruzas, A., Bruzzone, A., Buckland, R. A., Caló, M., Campos, F., Carreño, A., Carrion Rodrigo, J. A., Casali, R., Casalnuovo, G., Cataneo, M., Chang, C.-M., Changeat, L., Chowdhury, V., Ciantini, R., Cilluffo, M., Coliac, J.-F., Conzo, G., Correa, M., Coulon, G., Crouzet, N., Crow, M. V., Curtis, I. A., Daniel, D., Dauchet, B., Dawes, S., Deldem, M., Deligeorgopoulos, D., Dransfield, G., Dymock, R., Eenmäe, T., Esseiva, N., Evans, P., Falco, C., Farfán, R. G., Fernández-Lajús, E., Ferratfiat, S., Ferreira, S. L., Ferretti, A., Fiołka, J., Fowler, M., Futcher, S. R., Gabellini, D., Gainey, T., Gaitan, J., Gajdoš, P., García-Sánchez, A., Garlitz, J., Gillier, C., Gison, C., Gonzales, J., Gorshanov, D., Grau Horta, F., Grivas, G., Guerra, P., Guillot, T., Haswell, C. A., Haymes, T., Hentunen, V.-P., Hills, K., Hose, K., Humbert, T., Hurter, F., Hynek, T., Irzyk, M., Jacobsen, J., Jannetta, A. L., Johnson, K., Jóźwik-Wabik, P., Kaeouach, A. E., Kang, W., Kiiskinen, H., Kim, T., Kivila, Ü., Koch, B., Kolb, U., Kučáková, H., Lai, S.-P., Laloum, D., Lasota, S., Lewis, L. A., Liakos, G.-I., Libotte, F., Lomoz, F., Lopresti, C., Majewski, R., Malcher, A., Mallonn, M., Mannucci, M., Marchini, A., Mari, J.-M., Marino, A., Marino, G., Mario, J.-C., Marquette, J.-B., Martínez-Bravo, F. A., Mašek, M., Matassa, P., Michel, P., Michelet, J., Miller, M., Miny, E., Molina, D., Mollier, T., Monteleone, B., Montigiani, N., Morales-Aimar, M., Mortari, F., Morvan, M., Mugnai, L. V., Murawski, G., Naponiello, L., Naudin, J.-L., Naves, R., Néel, D., Neito, R., Neveu, S., Noschese, A., Öğmen, Y., Ohshima, O., Orbanic, Z., Pace, E. P., Pantacchini, C., Paschalis, N. I., Pereira, C., Peretto, I., Perroud, V., Phillips, M., Pintr, P., Pioppa, J.-B., Plazas, J., Poelarends, A. J., Popowicz, A., Purcell, J., Quinn, N., Raetz, M., Rees, D., Regembal, F., Rocchetto, M., Rocci, P.-F., Rockenbauer, M., Roth, R., Rousselot, L., Rubia, X., Ruocco, N., Russo, E., Salisbury, M., Salvaggio, F., Santos, A., Savage, J., Scaggiante, F., Sedita, D., Shadick, S., Silva, A. F., Sioulas, N., Školník, V., Smith, M., Smolka, M., Solmaz, A., Stanbury, N., Stouraitis, D., Tan, T.-G., Theusner, M., Thurston, G., Tifner, F. P., Tomacelli, A., Tomatis, A., Trnka, J., Tylšar, M., Valeau, P., Vignes, J.-P., Villa, A., Sureda, A. Vives, Vora, K., Vrašt’ák, M., Walliang, D., Wenzel, B., Wright, D. E., Zambelli, R., Zhang, M., and Zíbar, M.

Abstract

The ExoClock project has been created to increase the efficiency of the Ariel mission. It will achieve this by continuously monitoring and updating the ephemerides of Ariel candidates, in order to produce a consistent catalog of reliable and precise ephemerides. This work presents a homogenous catalog of updated ephemerides for 450 planets, generated by the integration of ∼18,000 data points from multiple sources. These sources include observations from ground-based telescopes (the ExoClock network and the Exoplanet Transit Database), midtime values from the literature, and light curves from space telescopes (Kepler, K2, and TESS). With all the above, we manage to collect observations for half of the postdiscovery years (median), with data that have a median uncertainty less than 1 minute. In comparison with the literature, the ephemerides generated by the project are more precise and less biased. More than 40% of the initial literature ephemerides had to be updated to reach the goals of the project, as they were either of low precision or drifting. Moreover, the integrated approach of the project enables both the monitoring of the majority of the Ariel candidates (95%), and also the identification of missing data. These results highlight the need for continuous monitoring to increase the observing coverage of the candidate planets. Finally, the extended observing coverage of planets allows us to detect trends (transit-timing variations) for a sample of 19 planets. All the products, data, and codes used in this work are open and accessible to the wider scientific community.

31. The science of ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey)

Author

MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Lystrup, Makenzie, Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Tinetti, G., Drossart, P., Eccleston, P., Hartogh, P., Heske, A., Leconte, J., Micela, G., Ollivier, M., Pilbratt, G., Puig, L., Turrini, D., Vandenbussche, B., Wolkenberg, P., Pascale, Enzo, Beaulieu, J.-P., Güdel, M., Min, M., Rataj, M., Ray, T., Ribas, I., Barstow, J., Bowles, N., Coustenis, A., Coudé du Foresto, V., Decin, L., Encrenaz, T., Forget, F., Friswell, M, Griffin, M., Lagage, P. O., Malaguti, P., Moneti, A., Morales, J. C., Pace, E., Rocchetto, M., Sarkar, Subhajit, Selsis, F., Taylor, W., Tennyson, J., Venot, O., Waldmann, I. P., Wright, G., Zingales, T., Zapatero-Osorio, M. R., MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Lystrup, Makenzie, Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Tinetti, G., Drossart, P., Eccleston, P., Hartogh, P., Heske, A., Leconte, J., Micela, G., Ollivier, M., Pilbratt, G., Puig, L., Turrini, D., Vandenbussche, B., Wolkenberg, P., Pascale, Enzo, Beaulieu, J.-P., Güdel, M., Min, M., Rataj, M., Ray, T., Ribas, I., Barstow, J., Bowles, N., Coustenis, A., Coudé du Foresto, V., Decin, L., Encrenaz, T., Forget, F., Friswell, M, Griffin, M., Lagage, P. O., Malaguti, P., Moneti, A., Morales, J. C., Pace, E., Rocchetto, M., Sarkar, Subhajit, Selsis, F., Taylor, W., Tennyson, J., Venot, O., Waldmann, I. P., Wright, G., Zingales, T., and Zapatero-Osorio, M. R.

Abstract

The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL) is one of the three candidate missions selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) for its next medium-class science mission due for launch in 2026. The goal of the ARIEL mission is to investigate the atmospheres of several hundred planets orbiting distant stars in order to address the fundamental questions on how planetary systems form and evolve. During its four (with a potential extension to six) years mission ARIEL will observe 500+ exoplanets in the visible and the infrared with its meter-class telescope in L2. ARIEL targets will include gaseous and rocky planets down to the Earth-size around different types of stars. The main focus of the mission will be on hot and warm planets orbiting close to their star, as they represent a natural laboratory in which to study the chemistry and formation of exoplanets. The ARIEL mission concept has been developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 12 countries, which include UK, France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Ireland and Portugal. The analysis of the ARIEL spectra and photometric data in the 0.5-7.8 micron range will allow to extract the chemical fingerprints of gases and condensates in the planets’ atmospheres, including the elemental composition for the most favorable targets. It will also enable the study of thermal and scattering properties of the atmosphere as the planet orbit around the star. ARIEL will have an open data policy, enabling rapid access by the general community to the high-quality exoplanet spectra that the core survey will deliver.

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