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Intermediate Pashto is part of a set of materials for teaching oral and written Afghan Pashto. The transcription of a word or phrase is given only when the word or phrase is introduced, or when pronunciation is the focus. Dialogues and readings on various topics (e.g. food, shopping, weather, family, etc.) are used, with accompanying presentations on grammar and vocabulary, and exercises for oral practice and conversation. The Workbook, which is mostly in English, provides background information on points in the dialogues and readings, discussion of grammar points, and information on individual vocabulary items. Each unit in the workbook contains a number of exercises providing additional practice on the points covered in the textbook. In addition to the intermediate textbook, the set consists of a glossary, a beginning textbook, a reader, a conversation manual and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto Materials is included. (Author/AB)

Beginning Pashto is part of a set of materials for teaching oral and written Afghan Pashto. The Pashto writing system is taught in the first unit of the book and is used in the presentation of the material from then on. In the first three units, material is provided also in a romanized transcription. After that, the transcription of a word or phrase is given only when the word or phrase is introduced, or when pronunciation is the focus. Dialogues and readings on various topics (e.g. food, shopping, weather, family, etc.) are used, with accompanying presentations on grammar and vocabulary and exercises for oral practice and conversation. The Workbook, which is mostly in English, provides background information on points in the dialogues and readings, discussion of grammar, and information on individual vocabulary items. Each unit in the workbook contains a number of exercises providing additional practice on the points covered in the textbook. In addition to the beginning textbook, the set consists of a glossary, an intermediate textbook, a reader, a conversation manual and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks and conversation manual. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto Materials is included. (Author/AB)

This conversation manual and tapescript are part of a set of materials that have been developed to teach oral and written Afghan Pashto to English speakers. In addition to the conversation manual and tapescript, the set consists of a beginning textbook, an intermediate textbook, a reader, and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. Pashto Conversation Manual contains 14 lessons that correspond to 2 units of the beginning or intermediate Pashto textbook/workbook. The lessons provide additional speaking and listening practice on the material contained in the units, as well as exposure to different dialects. The tapescript contains the oral prompts for the exercises in the manual. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto materials is included. (Author/AB)

This reader is the basic text for a set of instructional materials in Pashto. It consists of 45 authentic passages in Pashto script, each accompanied by background information, a vocabulary list, hints for scanning, comprehension exercises, and notes for detailed rereading. An introductory section offers study suggestions for the student. The passages are presented in 7 groups: essays; articles; stories; poetry; public writing (signs and advertising); letters and memoranda; and fractured Pashto. Each group is accompanied by an introduction and answers to comprehension questions. Additional jokes and anecdotes are included throughout the materials. (MSE)

The passages in transcription comprise one component of the "Pashto Reader" materials. They accompany "Pashto Reader," which is the basic text, and the "Pashto Reader Originals," the passages in their original published forms. They are passages in Pashto presented in broad phonetic transcription, for use by linguists and others interested in the structure and pronunciation of authentic Pashto but unfamiliar with the written script. The 45 passages are divided into 7 groups: essays; articles; stories; poetry; public writing (signs and advertising); letters and memoranda; and fractured Pashto. (MSE)

The workbook accompanies the "Intermediate Pashto" textbook (FL 019 797), and provides additional explanations, in English, of Pashtun culture and Pashto grammar. It also contains additional exercises, with answer keys. The units and sections correspond to those of the textbook. Unit overviews are intended to be read, with parallel textbook sections, before the class session in which the unit is to be worked on. Exercises for each unit are to be done at the completion of classwork for the unit. Some exercises require oral prompts, which are provided in the "Teachers' Manual "(FL 019 799). Notes are generally in English; exercises are in Pashto. (MSE)

This student workbook is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, teacher's manual, tapescripts, and a glossary) that teaches the Pashto language. The workbook provides background information on Pashtun culture, discusses grammar, and includes information on individual vocabulary items. The workbook unit contains a number of exercises providing additional listening and writing practice on the points covered in the textbook component (grammar, sentence structure, pronunciation, letters of the alphabet, and folk culture). The exercises at the end of each unit are to be done when class work on the unit has been completed. (Author/GLR)

An elementary arithmetic workbook in whole numbers for speakers of Hmong has an introductory section and a variety of exercises in conceptualizing, writing, spelling, and sequencing numbers from 0 to 999. (MSE)

A workbook in the Roman alphabet for Hmong speakers begins with exercises in basic shape recognition and reproduction and contains a variety of exercises in printing, recognizing, and combining upper and lower case letters. (MSE)

Criteria for the evaluation of foreign language materials in the commonly and less commonly taught languages in secondary and postsecondary institutions are presented. They are intended for use by individual teachers or appointed committees when selecting and evaluating language teaching materials. The criteria contain a set of evaluative and descriptive questions in six material areas: novice, intermediate, and advanced level course materials, reference materials, dictionaries, and computer-assisted instructional materials. In developing the criteria, attempts have been made to ensure ease of use while also capturing sufficient detail to provide a useful evaluation of the materials. A complete evaluation consists of three forms to be completed by the materials evaluator: a form eliciting descriptive information about the materials (bibliographic citation, availability, language/dialect presented, form of presentation, grammatical/pedagogical approach, overall organization of the text, vocabulary areas covered, etc.); a form presenting meta- criteria (broad questions that should be asked about any language materials, regardless of purpose); and one of six forms presenting questions tailored to the specific use of materials (proficiency level, intended use of materials, etc.). Sample forms are appended. (Author/MSE)