127,491 results on '"Robles, A"'
Search Results
2. Non-Parametric Multi-Messenger Constraints on the Equation of State of Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
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Cuceu, Iuliu and Robles, Sandra
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
We utilize the now substantial amount of astrophysical observations of neutron stars (NSs), along with perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations at high density, to directly constrain the NS Equation of State (EoS). To this end, we construct non-parametric EoS priors by using Gaussian processes trained on 75 EoSs, which includes models with either hadrons, hyperons or quarks at high densities. We create a prior using the full EoS sample (model-agnostic), and one prior for each EoS family to test model discrimination. These are then utilized in a Bayesian updating scheme by first performing a complete analysis of the binary NS merger event GW170817 with minimal assumptions, and sequentially adding information from X-ray and radio NS observations, along with pQCD calculations. Besides providing standard constraints, such as the pressure at twice nuclear saturation density $p(2\rho_\text{sat})=4.3^{+0.6}_{-0.6}\,\times 10^{34}\text{dyne/cm}^{2}$, at $95\%$ confidence level, for the model agnostic prior, our methodology also allows the constraining of EoS properties such as phase transitions and differentiation among quark, hyperonic or hadronic models., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 5 appendices
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- 2024
3. Hyper-Hermitian Weyl Double Copy
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Chacón, E., García-Compeán, H., and Robles, G.
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
The self-dual double copy is further explored. In previous work, it has been shown that Hyper-Hermitian manifolds also have associated the self-dual gauge theories via Kerr-Schild double copy. The self-dual double copy is generalized in the structure of the kinematic algebra by changing the area-preserving diffeomorphisms algebra by the diffeomorphisms on a surface algebra. This gave rise to the hyper-Hermitian double copy in the Kerr-Schild approach. In the present article, we further study the hyper-Hermitian case using the Weyl double copy formalism. In particular, we have found solutions within this formalism for different hyper-Hermitian metrics. One of the main features is that there will be two Maxwell spinors and one of them is source-free and the other has a source current. This is compatible with the fact that in general the hyper-Hermitian spaces are not Ricci-flat., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
4. Interpreting tunneling spectroscopic maps of a dinuclear Co(II) complex on gold
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Robles, Roberto, Li, Chao, Realista, Sara, Martinho, Paulo Nuno, Gruber, Manuel, Weismann, Alexander, Lorente, Nicolás, and Berndt, Richard
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscope data from a dinuclear Co(II) complex adsorbed on Au(111) are analysed using density functional theory calculations. We find that the interaction with the substrate substantially changes the geometry of the non-planar molecule. Its electronic states, however, remain fairly similar to those calculated for a gas-phase molecule. The calculations reproduce intriguing contrasts observed in experimental maps of the differential conductance dI/dV and reveal the relative importance of geometric and electronic factors that impinge on the image contrasts. For a meaningful comparison, it is important that the calculations closely mimic the experimental mode of measurement., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
5. The formula for the completion time of project networks
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Castejón-Limas, Manuel, Martínez, Gabriel Medina, del Castillo, Virginia Riego, and Fernández-Robles, Laura
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Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics - Abstract
This paper formulates the completion time $\tau$ of a project network as $ \tau =\|\mathbf{R} \mathbf{t} \|_\infty $ where the rows of $\mathbf{R}$ are simple paths of the network and $\mathbf{t}$ is a column vector representing the duration of the activities. Considering this product as a linear transformation leads to interesting findings on the topological relevance of both paths and activities using singular value decomposition. The notion of spectral networks is introduced to condense the fundamental structure of the project network. A definition of project stress is introduced to establish a comparison index between two alternatives in terms of slack. Additionally, the Moore-Penrose inverse of $\mathbf{R}$ is presented to find the configuration of the durations of the activities resulting in a given simple path duration vector. Then, the systematic mapping review process carried out to assess our claims' novelty is reported. Finally, we reflect on the notion of relevance for paths and activities and the relationship of the incidence matrix with the proposed approach., Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures
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- 2024
6. Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Framework for Predicting Arsenic Adsorption on Graphene Oxide Surfaces -- A Case Study
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Saldana-Robles, Adriana, Damian, Cesar, von Spakovsky, Michael R., and Reynolds Jr, William T.
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) framework is employed to describe the adsorption process of arsenic (V) onto graphene oxide both in and out of equilibrium. The steepest-entropy-ascent principle is used to derive a non-equilibrium equation of motion applicable to a system composed of five species: water, arsenic, two functional groups of graphene oxide, and hydrogen ions. The equation of motion is solved using the system's energy eigenstructure. This eigenstructure is constructed with the Replica-Exchange Wang-Landau algorithm and used to train an artificial neural network that predicts the energy eigenstructure for dilute arsenic concentrations in the range of groundwater contamination. For a specified initial pH and specified initial concentrations of Ar and graphene oxide, the framework predicts arsenic adsorption capacity and the stable equilibrium arsenic concentration. Equilibrium results match well with equilibrium experimental data, demonstrating the efficacy of this framework for describing the adsorption process. Finally, the model is used to predict non-equilibrium adsorption behavior and the influence of solution pH upon arsenic removal efficiency., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures
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- 2024
7. Model for Predicting Adsorption Isotherms and the Kinetics of Adsorption via Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamics
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Saldana-Robles, Adriana, Damian, Cesar, Reynolds Jr, William T., and von Spakovsky, Michael R.
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
This work outlines the foundations for being able to do a first-principle study of the adsorption process using the steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework, a framework able to predict the unique non-equilibrium path taken by a system from some initial state to stable equilibrium. To account for the process of multi-component adsorption, the SEAQT framework incorporates the particle number operator for each absorbed species directly into its equation of motion. The theoretical models developed are validated via some initial comparisons with experimental data found in the literature, demonstrating good agreement. The findings reveal that this framework can be an effective tool for describing the adsorption process out of equilibrium. It is able to do so without $a \; priori$ knowledge of the specific adsorption mechanism(s) involved. It also aligns well with the anticipated predictions of equilibrium models. In addition, within this framework, all intensive thermodynamic properties are characterized by out-of-equilibrium fluctuations, highlighting the significance of non-equilibrium thermodynamics in predicting measurable physical quantities., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures
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- 2024
8. Sustainable Visions: Unsupervised Machine Learning Insights on Global Development Goals
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García-Rodríguez, Alberto, Núñez, Matias, Pérez, Miguel Robles, Govezensky, Tzipe, Barrio, Rafael A., Gershenson, Carlos, Kaski, Kimmo K., and Tagüeña, Julia
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 goals to address global challenges. However, progress has been slower than expected and, consequently, there is a need to investigate the reasons behind this fact. In this study, we used a novel data-driven methodology to analyze data from 107 countries (2000$-$2022) using unsupervised machine learning techniques. Our analysis reveals strong positive and negative correlations between certain SDGs. The findings show that progress toward the SDGs is heavily influenced by geographical, cultural and socioeconomic factors, with no country on track to achieve all goals by 2030. This highlights the need for a region specific, systemic approach to sustainable development that acknowledges the complex interdependencies of the goals and the diverse capacities of nations. Our approach provides a robust framework for developing efficient and data-informed strategies, to promote cooperative and targeted initiatives for sustainable progress.
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- 2024
9. Thermal with Electronic Excitation for the Unidirectional Rotation of a Molecule on Surface
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Au-Yeung, Kwan Ho, Sarkar, Suchetana, Kühne, Tim, Aiboudi, Oumaima, Ryndyk, Dmitry A., Robles, Roberto, Lissel, Franziska, Lorente, Nicolas, Joachim, Christian, and Moresco, Francesca
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Exploring the limits of the microscopic reversibility principle, we investigated the interplay between thermal and electron tunneling excitations for the unidirectional rotation of a molecule-rotor on the Au(111) surface. We identified a range of moderate voltages and temperatures where heating the surface enhances the unidirectional rotational rate of a chemisorbed DMNI-P rotor. At higher voltage, inelastic tunneling effects dominate while at higher temperature the process becomes stochastic. At each electron transfer event during tunneling, the quantum mixing of ground and excited electronic states brings part of the surface thermal energy in the excited electronic states of the molecule-rotor. Thermal energy contributes therefore to the semi-classical unidirectional rotation without contradicting the microscopic reversibility principle.
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- 2024
10. Molecular spin-probe sensing of H-mediated changes in Co nanomagnets
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Fétida, A., Bengone, O., Goyhenex, C., Scheurer, F., Robles, R., Lorente, N., and Limot, L.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
The influence of hydrogen on magnetization is of significant interest to spintronics. Understanding and controlling this phenomenon at the atomic scale, particularly in nanoscale systems, is crucial. In this study, we utilized scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with a nickelocene molecule to sense the spin of a hydrogen-loaded nanoscale Co island grown on Cu(111). Magnetic exchange maps obtained from the molecular tip revealed the presence of a hydrogen superstructure and a 90$^{\circ}$ rotation of the magnetization compared to the pristine island. \textit{Ab initio} calculations corroborate these observations, indicating that hydrogen hybridization with Co atoms on the island surface drives the spin reorientation of the island. This reorientation is further reinforced by hydrogen penetration into the island that locates at the Co/Cu interface. However, the subsurface sensitivity of the magnetic exchange maps indicate that this effect is limited. Our study provides valuable microscopic insights into the chemical control of magnetism at the nanoscale.
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- 2024
11. Strength measurement of the $E_{\alpha}^{lab}$ = 830 keV resonance in $^{22}\rm{Ne}(\alpha,n)^{25}\rm{Mg}$ reaction using a stilbene detector
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Shahina, deBoer, R. J., Gorres, J., Fang, R., Febbraro, M., Kelmar, R., Matney, M., Manukyan, K., Nattress, J. T., Robles, E., Ruland, T. J., King, T. T., Sanchez, A., Sidhu, R. S., Stech, E., and Wiescher, M.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The interplay between the $^{22}$Ne$(\alpha,\gamma)^{26}$Mg and the competing $^{22}$Ne$(\alpha,n)^{25}$Mg reactions determines the efficiency of the latter as a neutron source at the temperatures of stellar helium burning. In both cases, the rates are dominated by the $\alpha$-cluster resonance at 830 keV. This resonance plays a particularly important role in determining the strength of the neutron flux for both the weak and main $s$-process as well as the $n$-process. Recent experimental studies based on transfer reactions suggest that the neutron and $\gamma$-ray strengths for this resonance are approximately equal. In this study, the $^{22}$Ne$(\alpha,n)^{25}$Mg resonance strength has been remeasured and found to be similar to the previous direct studies. This reinforces an 830 keV resonance strength that is approximately a factor of three larger for the $^{22}$Ne$(\alpha,n)^{25}$Mg reaction than for the $^{22}$Ne$(\alpha,\gamma)^{26}$Mg reaction.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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12. SaludConectaMX: Lessons Learned from Deploying a Cooperative Mobile Health System for Pediatric Cancer Care in Mexico
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Schnur, Jennifer J., Garcia-Martínez, Angélica, Soga, Patrick, Badillo-Urquiola, Karla, Botello, Alejandra J., Raisbeck, Ana Calderon, Chawla, Sugana, Ernst, Josef, Gentry, William, Johnson, Richard P., Kennel, Michael, Robles, Jesús, Wagner, Madison, Medina, Elizabeth, Espinosa, Juan Garduño, Márquez-González, Horacio, Olivar-López, Victor, Juárez-Villegas, Luis E., Avilés-Robles, Martha, Dorantes-Acosta, Elisa, Avila, Viridia, Chapa-Koloffon, Gina, Cruz, Elizabeth, Luis, Leticia, Quezada, Clara, Orozco, Emanuel, Serván-Mori, Edson, Cordero, Martha, Payo, Rubén Martín, and Chawla, Nitesh V.
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
We developed SaludConectaMX as a comprehensive system to track and understand the determinants of complications throughout chemotherapy treatment for children with cancer in Mexico. SaludConectaMX is unique in that it integrates patient clinical indicators with social determinants and caregiver mental health, forming a social-clinical perspective of the patient's evolving health trajectory. The system is composed of a web application (for hospital staff) and a mobile application (for family caregivers), providing the opportunity for cooperative patient monitoring in both hospital and home settings. This paper presents the system's preliminary design and usability evaluation results from a 1.5-year pilot study. Our findings indicate that while the hospital web app demonstrates high completion rates and user satisfaction, the family mobile app requires additional improvements for optimal accessibility; statistical and qualitative data analysis illuminate pathways for system improvement. Based on this evidence, we formalize suggestions for health system development in LMICs, which HCI researchers may leverage in future work.
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- 2024
13. 'Profesora Is Doing a Great Job!' or 'Online Learning Sucks': The Relationship between Students' Profiles and Online Language Learning
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Ching-Hsuan Wu, Sergio Robles-Puente, and Amy S. Thompson
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The impetus of this study is to investigate students' attitudes towards online language learning based on their previous academic experiences and year of study, including the decision to major or minor (i.e., motivation). A total of 975 students completed a survey questionnaire consisting of background information, Likert scale items, and open-ended questions. The quantitative data were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and one-way ANOVAs and were complemented with qualitative data based on students' responses. Findings indicate that students generally want consistent access to online learning, and that students with prior online-learning experience or with a desire to take an online course presented a statistically significant more positive perception of online language classes. There were also differences in perception of success in the online classes between those students who intended to major or minor in the language and those who did not. The results further revealed a decline in perception of success in online classes with the higher-level classifications (i.e., year of study). This study provides baseline attitudinal data to be built upon in future research and informs stakeholders of language programs in their curricular decisions.
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- 2024
14. Systematic Review of Technological Aids to Social Interaction in Autistic Spectrum Disorders from Transversal Perspectives: Psychology, Technology and Therapy
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Luis F. Guerrero-Vásquez, Martín López-Nores, José J. Pazos-Arias, Vladimir E. Robles-Bykbaev, Katherine C. Bustamante-Cacao, Henry J. Jara-Quito, Jack F. Bravo-Torres, and Pablo X. Campoverde-Jara
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Multiple technological aids have been proposed to support the social interactions of people with autism. The literature is extensive, but in many of the works there is a lack of clear processes focused on improving social skills. In this paper, we analyse a selection of 57 technological supports from the last 10 years, whose main characteristic is the quality and clarity of the design and evaluation processes. The objective is to provide the research community with a complete and interdisciplinary mapping of the main technological supports applied to social interaction, identifying the existing relationships between different axes of analysis: the psychological theories that support each approach, the types of technology used and the therapeutic models applied.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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15. Left Atrial Appendage Closure With WATCHMAN FLX Device in Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding: The GI-FLX Registry
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Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute, Overland Park, Kansas, Texas Cardiac Arrythmia Institute, Austin, Texas, Los Robles Health System, Los Robles, California, and Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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- 2024
16. A call from patient-researchers to advance research on long COVID
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Fitzgerald, Megan L, Cohen, Alison K, Jaudon, Toni Wall, Vogel, Julia Moore, Koppes, Abigail N, Santos, Lucia, Robles, Rachel, Lin, Jerry, Davids, JD, McWilliams, Chris, Redfield, Signe, Banks, Kathleen P, Richardson, Maria, Akintonwa, Teresa T Tindle, Pollack, Beth, Spier, Ezra, Weiss, Aimee, Assaf, Gina, Davis, Hannah, and McCorkell, Lisa
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Infectious Diseases ,Coronaviruses ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ,Biomedical Research ,Research Personnel ,long COVID ,patient-led research ,post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Long COVID is a chronic and often disabling illness with long-term consequences. Although progress has been made in the clinical characterization of long COVID, no approved treatments exist and disconnects between patients and researchers threaten to hinder future progress. Incorporating patients as active collaborators in long COVID research can bridge the gap and accelerate progress toward treatments and cures.
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- 2024
17. 5 Las masculinidades en la Ciudad de México y su influencia en la construcción del concepto de familia y cultura jurídica
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
18. 2 Género, masculinidades y justicia constitucional en Colombia
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
19. 3 Masculinidades y tipologías de familia en los planes de gobierno y las políticas públicas en Bogotá, en el periodo 2000-2015
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
20. Discusión final
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
21. 1 Masculinidades en Colombia: una lectura espacial del género y la sexualidad
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
22. 4 Familias y masculinidades en la “Bogotá para todos'. Un balance de la administración de Enrique Peñalosa
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
23. Portada
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
24. Portadilla, Portada, Créditos
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
25. Contenido
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Ramírez Arcos, Fernando, Robles, Alba Luz, Quinche Ramírez, Manuel Fernando, Forero Castillo, Nancy Andrea, and Rodríguez, Sindy Paola
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- 2018
26. An exercise in Color-Dual Cut Tiling: $\mathcal{N}=8$ Supergravity from Positivity
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Carrasco, John Joseph M., Edison, Alex, Del Pino, Nia Robles, and Zekioğlu, Suna
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The BCJ duality between color and kinematics brings two advantages to calculating multi-loop scattering amplitudes. First the number of ordered cuts that need to be performed to fix the integrand to a gauge theory is minimal -- reducing the factorially-growing number of diagrams to a single-digit basis in all known cases. Second is the trivial generation of related gravitational amplitudes from gauge theory amplitudes via double-copy. Mounting evidence suggests there are some cases where no local color-dual representations exist, even when the semi-classical theory is color-dual. Can we still simplify the calculations without making the duality manifest at the level of the integrand? Here we take a non-trivial step in this direction by showing that the satisfaction of tree-level BCJ relations is sufficient to dramatically reduce the number of explicit cuts that must be performed, even when the loop-level relations are not explicitly satisfied. We introduce an agglomerative algorithm, color-dual cut tiling, that identifies and builds the entire integrand from the simplest on-shell conditions applied to a seed of off-shell integrand information. Specifically, we demonstrate that for two-to-two scattering at three loops in the maximally supersymmetric gauge theory there is sufficient information contained in planar cuts -- completely determined by positivity constraints -- to generate all of the non-planar sector. Additionally, we make use of the generalized double copy to generate a representation of maximally supersymmetric gravity as a functional of the planar SYM input. We discuss how the process might generalize, and then close by commenting on the applicability of this method for additional cases of interest where performing explicit unitarity cuts is expensive., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
27. Towards Identifying Code Proficiency through the Analysis of Python Textbooks
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Rojpaisarnkit, Ruksit, Robles, Gregorio, Kula, Raula Gaikovina, Wang, Dong, Ragkhitwetsagul, Chaiyong, Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M., and Matsumoto, Kenichi
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Computer Science - Software Engineering ,D.2.0 ,D.2.7 - Abstract
Python, one of the most prevalent programming languages today, is widely utilized in various domains, including web development, data science, machine learning, and DevOps. Recent scholarly efforts have proposed a methodology to assess Python competence levels, similar to how proficiency in natural languages is evaluated. This method involves assigning levels of competence to Python constructs, for instance, placing simple 'print' statements at the most basic level and abstract base classes at the most advanced. The aim is to gauge the level of proficiency a developer must have to understand a piece of source code. This is particularly crucial for software maintenance and evolution tasks, such as debugging or adding new features. For example, in a code review process, this method could determine the competence level required for reviewers. However, categorizing Python constructs by proficiency levels poses significant challenges. Prior attempts, which relied heavily on expert opinions and developer surveys, have led to considerable discrepancies. In response, this paper presents a new approach to identifying Python competency levels through the systematic analysis of introductory Python programming textbooks. By comparing the sequence in which Python constructs are introduced in these textbooks with the current state of the art, we have uncovered notable discrepancies in the order of introduction of Python constructs. Our study underscores a misalignment in the sequences, demonstrating that pinpointing proficiency levels is not trivial. Insights from the study serve as pivotal steps toward reinforcing the idea that textbooks serve as a valuable source for evaluating developers' proficiency, and particularly in terms of their ability to undertake maintenance and evolution tasks., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, ICSME2024
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- 2024
28. Harmonizing Safety and Speed: A Human-Algorithm Approach to Enhance the FDA's Medical Device Clearance Policy
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Zhalechian, Mohammad, Saghafian, Soroush, and Robles, Omar
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Premarket Notification 510(K) pathway allows manufacturers to gain approval for a medical device by demonstrating its substantial equivalence to another legally marketed device. However, the inherent ambiguity of this regulatory procedure has led to high recall rates for many devices cleared through this pathway. This trend has raised significant concerns regarding the efficacy of the FDA's current approach, prompting a reassessment of the 510(K) regulatory framework. In this paper, we develop a combined human-algorithm approach to assist the FDA in improving its 510(k) medical device clearance process by reducing the risk of potential recalls and the workload imposed on the FDA. We first develop machine learning methods to estimate the risk of recall of 510(k) medical devices based on the information available at the time of submission. We then propose a data-driven clearance policy that recommends acceptance, rejection, or deferral to FDA's committees for in-depth evaluation. We conduct an empirical study using a unique large-scale dataset of over 31,000 medical devices and 12,000 national and international manufacturers from over 65 countries that we assembled based on data sources from the FDA and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service (CMS). A conservative evaluation of our proposed policy based on this data shows a 38.9% improvement in the recall rate and a 43.0% reduction in the FDA's workload. Our analyses also indicate that implementing our policy could result in significant annual cost-savings ranging between \$2.4 billion and \$2.7 billion, which highlights the value of using a holistic and data-driven approach to improve the FDA's current 510(K) medical device evaluation pathway.
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- 2024
29. Spin Hamiltonian with large fourth order terms: Triple well potentials and Bloch sphere visualization
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Robles, D. S. Lohr, Grether, M., Moreno, E. Lopez, and Hess, P. O.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
We present a study of a general spin Hamiltonian with terms up to fourth order. With the coherent states the semiclassical potential is obtained and with catastrophe theory its parameter space is constructed. When the fourth order parameters are large enough the parameter space has regions where the semiclassical potential has three wells. By applying an oscillating magnetic field a trajectory in parameter space crosses the Maxwell set multiple times resulting in many ground state quantum phase transitions. Using the coherent states we are able to visualize the localization of the ground state on the Bloch sphere as the magnetic field is varied., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures
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- 2024
30. Connecting the hexagonal closed packed structure with the cuboidal lattices: A Burgers-Bain type martensitic transformation for a Lennard-Jones solid derived from exact lattice summations
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Schwerdtfeger, Peter, Cooper, Shaun, Smits, Odile, and Robles-Navarro, Andres
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The diffusionless martensitic phase transition from a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) arrangement to the face-centered close-packed (fcc) and subsequently the body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice is discussed for a Lennard-Jones solid. The associated lattice vectors to construct the underlying bi-lattice for a Burgers-Bain-type of transformation require a minimum of four parameters $(a,\alpha,\beta,\gamma=c/a)$ describing, beside the change in the base lattice parameters $a$ and $c$, the shear force acting on the hexagonal base plane through the parameter $\alpha$, and the sliding force of the middle layer in the original AB hexagonal packing arrangement through the parameter $\beta$. By optimizing the lattice parameters $a$ and $\beta$ for a $(n,m)$-Lennard-Jones potential, we obtain a simple two-dimensional picture for the complete Burgers-Bain-type hcp$\leftrightarrow$fcc$\leftrightarrow$bcc phase transition. From the generalized lattice vectors we were able to construct the corresponding lattice sums in terms of inverse power potentials applying fast converging Bessel function expansions using a Terras decomposition of the Epstein zeta function combined with a Van der Hoff-Benson expansion for the lattice sums. This allows the cohesive energy to be determined to computer precision for a Lennard-Jones solid. For six different combinations of $(n,m)$-Lennard-Jones potentials the energy $(\alpha,\gamma)$ hypersurface was then mapped out and studied in more detail. We show that for a Lennard-Jones model the minimum energy path is found to be a two-step hcp$\rightarrow$fcc$\rightarrow$bcc transition process. The lowest transition state in each case can be regarded as an upper limit to a hypothetical true minimum energy path out of the many possibilities in a hcp$\leftrightarrow$fcc$\leftrightarrow$bcc phase transition.
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- 2024
31. Using Bayesian Meta-Analysis to Explore the Components of Early Literacy Interventions. WWC 2023-008
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National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), Mathematica, Walsh, Elias, Deke, John, Robles, Silvia, Streke, Andrei, and Thal, Dan
- Abstract
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) released a report that applies two methodological approaches new to the WWC that together aim to improve researchers' understanding of how early literacy interventions may work to improve outcomes for students in grades K-3. First, this report pilots a new taxonomy developed by early literacy experts and intervention developers as part of a larger effort to develop standard nomenclature for the components of literacy interventions. Then, the WWC uses Bayesian meta-analysis--a statistical method to systematically summarize evidence across multiple studies--to estimate the associations between intervention components and intervention impacts. Twenty-nine studies of 25 early literacy interventions that were previously reviewed by the WWC and met the WWC's rigorous research standards were included in the analysis. This method found that the components examined in this synthesis appear to have a limited role in explaining variation in intervention impacts on alphabetics outcomes, including phonics, phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, and letter identification. This method also identified positive associations between intervention impacts on alphabetics outcomes and components related to using student assessment data to drive decisions, including about how to group students for instruction, and components related to non-academic student supports, including efforts to teach social-emotional learning strategies and outreach to parents and families. This report is exploratory because this synthesis cannot conclude that specific components caused improved alphabetics outcomes. [For the appendices to this report, see ED630496.]
- Published
- 2023
32. Identifying Critical Factors When Predicting Remedial Mathematics Completion Rates
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Thomas Mgonja and Francisco Robles
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Completion of remedial mathematics has been identified as one of the keys to college success. However, completion rates in remedial mathematics have been low and are of much debate across America. This study leverages machine learning techniques in trying to predict and understand completion rates in remedial mathematics. The purpose of this study is to build machine learning models that can predict students that are least likely to complete remedial mathematics and identify which factors are most influential when computing those predictions. The study discovers random forest as the highest performing model. Furthermore, the study reveals that the remedial course a student begins with, credit completion rate, math placement score, and high school G.P.A as the most influential predictors of completion rates. The study also offers future research directions, especially in how to improve the performance of the machine learning models.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Best Case/Worst Case-ICU: protocol for a multisite, stepped-wedge, randomised clinical trial of scenario planning to improve communication in the ICU in US trauma centres for older adults with serious injury.
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Stalter, Lily, Hanlon, Bret, Bushaw, Kyle, Kwekkeboom, Kristine, Zelenski, Amy, Fritz, Melanie, Buffington, Anne, Stein, Deborah, Cocanour, Christine, Robles, Anamaria, Jansen, Jan, Brasel, Karen, OConnell, Kathleen, Cipolle, Mark, Ayoung-Chee, Patricia, Morris, Rachel, Gelbard, Rondi, Kozar, Rosemary, Lueckel, Stephanie, and Schwarze, Margaret
- Subjects
adult intensive & critical care ,clinical trial ,medical ethics ,palliative care ,trauma management ,Aged ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Communication ,Family ,Intensive Care Units ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Trauma Centers ,United States ,Wounds and Injuries ,Multicenter Studies as Topic - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Poor communication about serious injury in older adults can lead to treatment that is inconsistent with patient preferences, create conflict and strain healthcare resources. We developed a communication intervention called Best Case/Worst Case-intensive care unit (ICU) that uses daily scenario planning, that is, a narrative description of plausible futures, to support prognostication and facilitate dialogue among patients, their families and the trauma ICU team. This article describes a protocol for a multisite, randomised, stepped-wedge study to test the effectiveness of the intervention on the quality of communication (QOC) in the ICU. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will follow all patients aged 50 and older admitted to the trauma ICU for 3 or more days after a serious injury at eight high-volume level 1 trauma centres. We aim to survey one family or like family member per eligible patient 5-7 days following their loved ones admission and clinicians providing care in the trauma ICU. Using a stepped-wedge design, we will use permuted block randomisation to assign the timing for each site to begin implementation of the intervention and routine use of the Best Case/Worst Case-ICU tool. We will use a linear mixed-effects model to test the effect of the tool on family-reported QOC (using the QOC scale) as compared with usual care. Secondary outcomes include the effect of the tool on reducing clinician moral distress (using the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals scale) and patients length of stay in the ICU. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Institutional review board (IRB) approval was granted at the University of Wisconsin, and all study sites ceded review to the primary IRB. We plan to report results in peer-reviewed publications and national meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05780918.
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- 2024
34. Interpersonal relationships, PNI, and health: Seeds in the 1980s, fruiting trees today.
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Robles, Theodore
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Close relationships ,Gender ,Health ,Loneliness ,Marriage ,Psychoneuroimmunology - Abstract
In this contribution to the Special Issue, I highlight how Janice Kiecolt-Glasers research in the 1980s planted the seeds for two areas of social relationships and health research: loneliness and intimate/marital relationships. I review the foundational seed studies from the mid-to late-1980s, the research saplings that sprouted and grew during the subsequent twenty years, and the mature trees that have gone on to fruit and grow their respective areas of inquiry over the past twenty years. In addition to highlighting the mature trees that have borne rich empirical fruit, my other goal for this contribution is to draw attention to ideas and concepts from Kiecolt-Glasers work and writing that merit further conceptual and empirical examination in the next generation of research on social relationships, psychoneuroendocrinology, psychoneuroimmunology, and health.
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- 2024
35. Espectadores viajeros: La cinegrafía como herramienta narrativa en las obras de Alberto Fuguet y Antonio José Ponte
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Robles, Rojo
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Cinegrafía ,intermedialidad ,cultura fílmica ,ficción latinoamericana ,representación cultural - Abstract
La cinegrafía es una técnica literaria que combina elementos visuales del cine con las capacidades narrativas de la ficción escrita. Este método crea obras que fomentan un diálogo entre el cine y la literatura. La cinegrafía incluye una metodología literaria que abarca la visualización, la experimentación y el cuestionamiento de la cultura cinematográfica. En este artículo, se examinan modos cinegráficos en la ficción latinoamericana, enfocándose en el trabajo de dos autores contemporáneos: Alberto Fuguet de Chile y Antonio José Ponte de Cuba. En Las películas de mi vida (2003) de Fuguet y La fiesta vigilada (2007) de Ponte, la cinegrafía se emplea para reflexionar sobre la representación cultural en contextos migratorios y políticos. Ambos escritores utilizan sus experiencias personales e introspectivas para explorar las relaciones entre el cine, la identidad y la sociedad.
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- 2024
36. Clinical trial recruitment of people who speak languages other than English: a Childrens Oncology Group report.
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Beauchemin, Melissa, Ortega, Maria, Santacroce, Sheila, Robles, Joanna, Ruiz, Jenny, Hall, Anurekha, Kahn, Justine, Fu, Cecilia, Orjuela-Grimm, Manuela, Hillyer, Grace, Solomon, Samrawit, Pelletier, Wendy, Montiel-Esparza, Raul, Blazin, Lindsay, Kline, Cassie, Seif, Alix, Aristizabal, Paula, Winestone, Lena, and Velez, Maria
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Humans ,Patient Selection ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Language ,Child ,Communication Barriers ,Translating ,Consent Forms ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Informed Consent ,Neoplasms - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persons who speak languages other than English are underrepresented in clinical trials, likely in part because of inadequate multilevel resources. We conducted a survey of institutions affiliated with the Childrens Oncology Group (COG) to characterize current research recruitment practices and resources regarding translation and interpretation services. METHODS: In October 2022, a 20-item survey was distributed electronically to institutions affiliated with COG to assess consent practices and resources for recruiting participants who speak languages other than English to COG trials. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses; responses were compared by institution size and type as well as respondent role. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 230 institutions, and the response rate was 60% (n = 139). In total, 60% (n = 83) of those respondents had access to short-form consent forms. Full consent form translation was required at 50% of institutions, and 12% of institutional review boards restricted use of centrally translated consent forms. Forty-six percent (n = 64) of institutions reported insufficient funding to support translation costs; 19% (n = 26) had access to no-cost translation services. Forty-four percent (n = 61) were required to use in-person interpreters for consent discussions; the most frequently cited barrier (56%) to obtaining consent was lack of available in-person interpreters. Forty-seven percent (n = 65) reported that recruiting persons who speak languages other than English to clinical trials was somewhat or very difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Institutions affiliated with COG face resource-specific challenges that impede recruitment of participants who speak languages other than English for clinical trials. These findings indicate an urgent need to identify strategies aimed at reducing recruitment barriers to ensure equitable access to clinical trials.
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- 2024
37. Experimental demonstration of attosecond pump–probe spectroscopy with an X-ray free-electron laser
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Guo, Zhaoheng, Driver, Taran, Beauvarlet, Sandra, Cesar, David, Duris, Joseph, Franz, Paris L, Alexander, Oliver, Bohler, Dorian, Bostedt, Christoph, Averbukh, Vitali, Cheng, Xinxin, DiMauro, Louis F, Doumy, Gilles, Forbes, Ruaridh, Gessner, Oliver, Glownia, James M, Isele, Erik, Kamalov, Andrei, Larsen, Kirk A, Li, Siqi, Li, Xiang, Lin, Ming-Fu, McCracken, Gregory A, Obaid, Razib, O’Neal, Jordan T, Robles, River R, Rolles, Daniel, Ruberti, Marco, Rudenko, Artem, Slaughter, Daniel S, Sudar, Nicholas S, Thierstein, Emily, Tuthill, Daniel, Ueda, Kiyoshi, Wang, Enliang, Wang, Anna L, Wang, Jun, Weber, Thorsten, Wolf, Thomas JA, Young, Linda, Zhang, Zhen, Bucksbaum, Philip H, Marangos, Jon P, Kling, Matthias F, Huang, Zhirong, Walter, Peter, Inhester, Ludger, Berrah, Nora, Cryan, James P, and Marinelli, Agostino
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Quantum Physics ,Atomic ,Molecular and Optical Physics ,Physical Sciences ,Mathematical Sciences ,Optoelectronics & Photonics ,Mathematical sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
Pump–probe experiments with subfemtosecond resolution are the key to understanding electronic dynamics in quantum systems. Here we demonstrate the generation and control of subfemtosecond pulse pairs from a two-colour X-ray free-electron laser. By measuring the delay between the two pulses with an angular streaking diagnostic, we characterize the group velocity of the X-ray free-electron laser and show control of the pulse delay down to 270 as. We confirm the application of this technique to a pump–probe measurement in core-ionized para-aminophenol. These results reveal the ability to perform pump–probe experiments with subfemtosecond resolution and atomic site specificity.
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- 2024
38. Characterization of a HPHT boron ion-implanted diamond X-ray mirror following high vacuum annealing
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Margraf-O'Neal, RA, Ynsa, MD, Krzywinski, J, Ng, ML, MacArthur, JP, Ke, F, Zhong, Y, Mo, S-K, Pradhan, P, Robles, R, Robert, A, Sato, T, Zhu, D, Halavanau, A, and Marcus, G
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Quantum Physics ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Engineering ,Manufacturing Engineering ,Materials Engineering ,Applied Physics ,Materials engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed matter physics - Abstract
The incorporation of boron into a diamond lattice holds the potential to advance X-ray optics, offering the capability to manipulate various parameters of the lattice. This includes enhancing near-infrared absorption relative to pure diamond, thereby enabling Q-switchable optics. The use of MeV boron implantation emerges as a promising method for precisely doping the diamond lattice. However, for these optics to function effectively as Bragg-reflecting mirrors, ion implantation must be executed with meticulous attention to maintaining a strain-free, perfect diamond lattice. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a 9 MeV ion beam for high energy boron implantation. Different areas of a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) diamond sample were subjected to irradiation with 9 MeV Boron ions, ranging in fluences from 5×1015 to 2.5×1016ions/cm2. Following boron implantation, high-temperature vacuum annealing was performed to restore the diamond lattice. Our assessment utilized X-ray rocking curve imaging, surface profilometry, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, with additional observations on near-infrared transmission properties. Our measurement of high-quality Bragg reflection through X-ray rocking curve imaging, sensitive to implantation-induced strain and defects, served as an key diagnostic for the effectiveness of this ion-implanted sample as a Bragg-reflecting optic.
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- 2024
39. Multi-Orbital Interactions and Spin Polarization in Single Rare-Earth Adatoms
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Kelai, Massine, Reale, Stefano, Robles, Roberto, Lee, Jaehyun, Jyoti, Divya, Ohresser, Philippe, Otero, Edwige, Choueikani, Fadi, Scheurer, Fabrice, Lorente, Nicolás, Choi, Deung-Jang, Singha, Aparajita, and Donati, Fabio
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Surface-adsorbed rare-earth nanostructures are ideal platforms to investigate the interplay between intra-atomic interactions and multi-orbital spin configurations. However, addressing these properties has posed severe experimental and theoretical challenges. Here, we use the orbital selectivity offered by X-ray absorption spectroscopy to quantify the Coulomb integrals of Nd atoms on conductive surfaces, as well as the variation of individual orbital occupation upon cluster nucleation. Using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism we identify magnetic moments of the order of \MK{few tens of}~$\mu_{\rm{B}}$ at the $5d$ orbitals and their magnetic coupling with the $4f$ spins. Our results validate orbital-resolved X-ray spectroscopy as a reliable method for quantifying complex multi-orbital interactions in surface-adsorbed lanthanides.
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- 2024
40. La curva de Fargues--Fontaine: Una motivaci\'on al estudio de la teor\'ia de representaciones de Galois $p$-\'adicas
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Hernández, Jorge Alberto Robles and Pérez-Buendía, J. Rogelio
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Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Commutative Algebra ,Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry ,11F85, 11S15, 11S20, 11F80 - Abstract
This article, written in Spanish, provides a comprehensive review of the Fargues-Fontaine curve, a cornerstone in $p$-adic Hodge theory, and its pivotal role in classifying $p$-adic Galois representations. We synthesize key developments surrounding this curve, emphasizing its connection between advanced concepts in arithmetic geometry and the practical theory of representations. We offer a detailed analysis of the Fontaine period rings ($B_{cris}, B_{st}, B_{dR}$), exploring their crucial algebraic and arithmetic properties and their contribution to the curve's construction and definition. Furthermore, we delve into the theory of admissible $p$-adic Galois representations, discussing how the curve, once defined, integrates with Harder-Narasimhan theory., Comment: The article is a review comprising 14 pages, including references and two illustrations. In Spanish language
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- 2024
41. StraightPCF: Straight Point Cloud Filtering
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Edirimuni, Dasith de Silva, Lu, Xuequan, Li, Gang, Wei, Lei, Robles-Kelly, Antonio, and Li, Hongdong
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Point cloud filtering is a fundamental 3D vision task, which aims to remove noise while recovering the underlying clean surfaces. State-of-the-art methods remove noise by moving noisy points along stochastic trajectories to the clean surfaces. These methods often require regularization within the training objective and/or during post-processing, to ensure fidelity. In this paper, we introduce StraightPCF, a new deep learning based method for point cloud filtering. It works by moving noisy points along straight paths, thus reducing discretization errors while ensuring faster convergence to the clean surfaces. We model noisy patches as intermediate states between high noise patch variants and their clean counterparts, and design the VelocityModule to infer a constant flow velocity from the former to the latter. This constant flow leads to straight filtering trajectories. In addition, we introduce a DistanceModule that scales the straight trajectory using an estimated distance scalar to attain convergence near the clean surface. Our network is lightweight and only has $\sim530K$ parameters, being 17% of IterativePFN (a most recent point cloud filtering network). Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data show our method achieves state-of-the-art results. Our method also demonstrates nice distributions of filtered points without the need for regularization. The implementation code can be found at: https://github.com/ddsediri/StraightPCF., Comment: This paper has been accepted to the IEEE/CVF CVPR Conference, 2024
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- 2024
42. Predicting Fairness of ML Software Configurations
- Author
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Herrera, Salvador Robles, Monjezi, Verya, Kreinovich, Vladik, Trivedi, Ashutosh, and Tizpaz-Niari, Saeid
- Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
This paper investigates the relationships between hyperparameters of machine learning and fairness. Data-driven solutions are increasingly used in critical socio-technical applications where ensuring fairness is important. Rather than explicitly encoding decision logic via control and data structures, the ML developers provide input data, perform some pre-processing, choose ML algorithms, and tune hyperparameters (HPs) to infer a program that encodes the decision logic. Prior works report that the selection of HPs can significantly influence fairness. However, tuning HPs to find an ideal trade-off between accuracy, precision, and fairness has remained an expensive and tedious task. Can we predict fairness of HP configuration for a given dataset? Are the predictions robust to distribution shifts? We focus on group fairness notions and investigate the HP space of 5 training algorithms. We first find that tree regressors and XGBoots significantly outperformed deep neural networks and support vector machines in accurately predicting the fairness of HPs. When predicting the fairness of ML hyperparameters under temporal distribution shift, the tree regressors outperforms the other algorithms with reasonable accuracy. However, the precision depends on the ML training algorithm, dataset, and protected attributes. For example, the tree regressor model was robust for training data shift from 2014 to 2018 on logistic regression and discriminant analysis HPs with sex as the protected attribute; but not for race and other training algorithms. Our method provides a sound framework to efficiently perform fine-tuning of ML training algorithms and understand the relationships between HPs and fairness., Comment: To Appear in the 20th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in Software Engineering (PROMISE'24)
- Published
- 2024
43. Heavy Dark Matter in White Dwarfs: Multiple-Scattering Capture and Thermalization
- Author
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Bell, Nicole F., Busoni, Giorgio, Robles, Sandra, and Virgato, Michael
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present an improved treatment for the scattering of heavy dark matter from the ion constituents of a white dwarf. In the heavy dark matter regime, multiple collisions are required for the dark matter to become gravitationally captured. Our treatment incorporates all relevant physical effects including the dark matter trajectories, nuclear form factors, and radial profiles for the white dwarf escape velocity and target number densities. Our capture rates differ by orders of magnitude from previous estimates, which have typically used approximations developed for dark matter scattering in the Earth. We also compute the time for the dark matter to thermalize in the center of the white dwarf, including in-medium effects such as phonon emission and absorption from the ionic lattice in the case where the star has a crystallized core. We find much shorter thermalization timescales than previously estimated, especially if the white dwarf core has crystallized. We illustrate the importance of our improved approach by determining the cross section required for accumulated asymmetric dark matter to self-gravitate., Comment: 32 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 1 appendix. Discussion extended, matches published version
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Role of Code Proficiency in the Era of Generative AI
- Author
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Robles, Gregorio, Treude, Christoph, Gonzalez-Barahona, Jesus M., and Kula, Raula Gaikovina
- Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
At the current pace of technological advancements, Generative AI models, including both Large Language Models and Large Multi-modal Models, are becoming integral to the developer workspace. However, challenges emerge due to the 'black box' nature of many of these models, where the processes behind their outputs are not transparent. This position paper advocates for a 'white box' approach to these generative models, emphasizing the necessity of transparency and understanding in AI-generated code to match the proficiency levels of human developers and better enable software maintenance and evolution. We outline a research agenda aimed at investigating the alignment between AI-generated code and developer skills, highlighting the importance of responsibility, security, legal compliance, creativity, and social value in software development. The proposed research questions explore the potential of white-box methodologies to ensure that software remains an inspectable, adaptable, and trustworthy asset in the face of rapid AI integration, setting a course for research that could shape the role of code proficiency into 2030 and beyond., Comment: submitted to Software Engineering 2030
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- 2024
45. 'Beam `a la carte': laser heater shaping for attosecond pulses in a multiplexed x-ray free-electron laser
- Author
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Li, Siqi, Zhang, Zhen, Alverson, Shawn, Cesar, David, Driver, Taran, Franz, Paris, Isele, Erik, Duris, Joseph P., Larsen, Kirk, Lin, Ming-Fu, Obaid, Razib, O'Neal, Jordan T, Robles, River, Sudar, Nick, Guo, Zhaoheng, Vetter, Sharon, Walter, Peter, Wang, Anna L., Xu, Joseph, Carbajo, Sergio, Cryan, James P., and Marinelli, Agostino
- Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Electron beam shaping allows the control of the temporal properties of x-ray free-electron laser pulses from femtosecond to attosecond timescales. Here we demonstrate the use of a laser heater to shape electron bunches and enable the generation of attosecond x-ray pulses. We demonstrate that this method can be applied in a selective way, shaping a targeted subset of bunches while leaving the remaining bunches unchanged. This experiment enables the delivery of shaped x-ray pulses to multiple undulator beamlines, with pulse properties tailored to specialized scientific applications.
- Published
- 2024
46. An alternative approach to baryon masses in the $1/N_c$ expansion of QCD
- Author
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Flores-Mendieta, Ruben, Garcia-Monreal, Sergio Alejandro, Ruiz-Robles, Luis Roman, and Torres-Bautista, Francisco Alberto
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The baryon mass operator is studied within a combined expansion in $1/N_c$ and perturbative $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry breaking, where $N_c$ denotes the number of quark charges. Flavor projection operators are used to classify the baryon operators involved in the expansion, which fall into the flavor representations $1$, $8$, $10+\overline{10}$, $27$, $35+\overline{35}$ and $64$. This approach allows one to incorporate up to third-order flavor symmetry breaking in the baryon mass operator in a rigorous and systematic way. Previous work on the subject is considered to validate the approach. A fit to data is performed to evaluate the free parameters in the theory and to produce some numerical values of baryon masses. Results are consistent and reaffirm the striking success of the $1/N_c$ expansion., Comment: 34 pages, 3 tables, 2 figures
- Published
- 2024
47. Understanding the Interlayer Coupling in 1T/1H-NbSe$_2$ Hetero-Bilayers
- Author
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Pico, Roman, Abufager, Paula, Hamad, Ignacio, Robles, Roberto, and Lorente, Nicolas
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The properties of 2D materials are strongly influenced by their substrate, leading to a variety of "proximity effects" like screening, charge transfer, and hybridization. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of theoretical studies on these effects. Particularly, previous theoretical research on the Star of David (SOD) structure in 1T-NbSe$_2$ has focused on single-layer configurations or stacking with the same 1T phase without any real substrate. Here, we depart from these approaches and explore how these proximity effects shape the electronic and magnetic properties of the 1T-NbSe$_2$ phase when it is grown on the metallic 1H-NbSe$_2$ substrate. Using Density Functional Calculations, we establish a common framework to define the key characteristics of both free-standning 1T-NbSe$_2$ and 1H-NbSe$_2$. We then identify the optimal stacking arrangement for these two layers, revealing a transfer from the 1T to the 1H phase and a reorganization of charge within each layer. Our findings indicate that the magnetic moment of the SOD structure is still robust; however, is diminished due to a reduction in the on-site Coulomb interaction of the Hubbard bands. Additionally, the interlayer coupling induces metallicity in the 1T phase and increases the decoupling of the lower Hubbard band from the valence band.
- Published
- 2024
48. Spectrotemporal shaping of attosecond x-ray pulses with a fresh-slice free-electron laser
- Author
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Robles, River R., Larsen, Kirk A., Cesar, David, Driver, Taran, Duris, Joseph, Franz, Paris, Garratt, Douglas, Sudar, Nicholas, Wang, Jun, Zhang, Zhen, Cryan, James, and Marinelli, Agostino
- Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics ,Physics - Optics ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
We propose a scheme for coherently shaping attosecond x-ray pulses at free-electron lasers. We show that by seeding an FEL with a short coherent seed that overfills the amplification bandwidth, one can shape the wigner function of the pulse by controlling the undulator taper profile. The examples of controllable coherent pulse pairs and trains, as well as isolated spectrotemporally shaped pulses with very broad coherent bandwidths are examined in detail. Existing attosecond XFELs can achieve these experimental conditions in a two-stage cascade, in which the coherent seed is generated by a short current spike in an electron bunch and shaped in an unspoiled region within the same bunch. We experimentally demonstrate the production of pulse pairs using this method at the Linac Coherent Light Source.
- Published
- 2024
49. Three-dimensional theory of superradiant free-electron lasers
- Author
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Robles, River R., Giannessi, Luca, and Marinelli, Agostino
- Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics - Optics ,Physics - Plasma Physics - Abstract
The soliton-like superradiant regime of free-electron lasers (FEL) offers a promising path towards ultrashort pulses, beyond the natural limit dictated by the bandwidth of the high-gain FEL instability. In this work we present a three-dimensional theory of the superradiant regime, including the effects of beam emittance and energy spread. Our work takes advantage of recent developments in non-linear FEL theory to provide a fully analytical description of soliton-like superradiance. Our theory proves the existence of a diffraction-dominated steady-state regime in which the superradiant peak power grows indefinitely while leaving the pulse duration and on-axis intensity almost unchanged. These results are in excellent agreement with three-dimensional simulations and are supported by recent experimental results at the Linac Coherent Light Source. This work advances non-linear FEL theory and provides a theoretical framework for the next generation of attosecond x-ray FELs.
- Published
- 2024
50. La polifuncionalidad de doch en diálogos literarios: aproximación estructural-informativa mediante un modelo de unidades discursivas
- Author
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Robles Sabater, Ferran and Carbonell Saiz, María
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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