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Durante la campaña triguera 2021 se presentaron numerosas consultas en distintas regiones productoras sobre síntomas de amarillamiento foliar con sospecha de virosis. Este informe presenta los resultados de las detecciones serológicas del virus del mosaico estriado del trigo o Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) en Argentina durante 2021. Asimismo, se mencionan las principales medidas de prevención para la campaña 2022. Instituto de Patología Vegetal Fil: Alemandri, Vanina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Alemandri, Vanina Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Couretot, Lucrecia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina Fil: Montoya, Marina Rosa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina Fil: Alberione, Enrique Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez; Argentina Fil: Bainotti, Carlos Tomas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez; Argentina Fil: Formento, Angela Norma. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná; Argentina Fil: Lanzillotta, Juan Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; Argentina Fil: Gómez Montenegro, Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentina Fil: Gómez Montenegro, Brenda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Robledo, R. Asociación Argentina de Protección Profesional de Cultivos Extensivos; Argentina

RESUMEN Introducción: La mayoría de los estudios son concluyentes al trazar la relación entre dolor crónico y disminución significativa de la calidad de vida. No obstante, no suele analizarse el factor sexual de una forma específica. Material y método: El objetivo de este estudio consiste en realizar una revisión bibliográfica pormenorizada por grupos analgésicos para determinar de modo concreto la influencia del fármaco sobre la respuesta sexual y, en segundo lugar, describir la asociación entre dolor y respuesta sexual en pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan que hay una alta prevalencia de dificultades sexuales en pacientes de las Unidades de Dolor. Estas dificultades están relacionadas con alteraciones psicológicas, con la tipología del dolor, con la edad y con el sexo de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que desde las Unidades de Dolor se podría realizar una intervención multidisciplinar centrada en la valoración exhaustiva de esta problemática, educación sanitaria y asesoramiento en materia sexual, que contribuyese a la mejora de la calidad de vida de nuestros pacientes. ABSTRACT Introduction: Most of research are conclusive when stating chronic pain and decreased life's quality relationship. However, sexual factor is not usually analysed in a specific path. Desing and methods: The aim of this study is to undertake a bibliographic review divided by analgesic groups in order to determine in a certain way the painkiller influence over the sexual response, and in a second place, to describe the connection between pain and sexual response in not-oncological chronic pain patients. Results: Results show that there is a high prevalence of sexual difficulties in patients of the Pain Units. These difficulties are related to psychological alterations, patients' type of pain and age. Conclusions: These results suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention, centred on the exhaustive evaluation of this problem, health education and sexual counselling, could contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of our patients.

Summary - The animal and plant biodiversity of the Italian territory is known to be one of the richest in the Mediterranean basin and Europe as a whole, but does the genetic diversity of extant human populations show a comparable pattern? According to a number of studies, the genetic structure of Italian populations retains the signatures of complex peopling processes which took place from the Paleolithic to modern era. Although the observed patterns highlight a remarkable degree of genetic heterogeneity, they do not, however, take into account an important source of variation. In fact, Italy is home to numerous ethnolinguistic minorities which have yet to be studied systematically. Due to their difference in geographical origin and demographic history, such groups not only signal the cultural and social diversity of our country, but they are also potential contributors to its bio-anthropological heterogeneity. To fill this gap, research groups from four Italian Universities (Bologna, Cagliari, Pisa and Roma Sapienza) started a collaborative study in 2007, which was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and received partial support by the Istituto Italiano di Antropologia. In this paper, we present an account of the results obtained in the course of this initiative. Four case-studies relative to linguistic minorities from the Eastern Alps, Sardinia, Apennines and Southern Italy are first described and discussed, focusing on their micro-evolutionary and anthropological implications. Thereafter, we present the results of a systematic analysis of the relations between linguistic, geographic and genetic isolation. Integrating the data obtained in the course of the long-term study with literature and unpublished results on Italian populations, we show that a combination of linguistic and geographic factors is probably responsible for the presence of the most robust signatures of genetic isolation. Finally, we evaluate the magnitude of the diversity of Italian populations in the European context. The human genetic diversity of our country was found to be greater than observed throughout the continent at short (0-200 km) and intermediate (700-800km) distances, and accounted for most of the highest values of genetic distances observed at all geographic ranges. Interestingly, an important contribution to this pattern comes from the “linguistic islands” (e.g. German speaking groups of Sappada and Luserna from the Eastern Italian Alps), further proof of the importance of considering social and cultural factors when studying human genetic variation.

Molva macrophthalma (Osteichthyes, Class Actinopterygii) is a demersal species restricted to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, from the southern Bay of Biscay south to the Mediterranean Sea, whose diet is based on crustaceans and other fishes. Silvery pout (Gadiculus argenteus) is a bentho-pelagic species considered to be a forage fish, with broad geographic distribution and high abundance. Data come from the demersal trawl surveys carried out by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) each autumn since 1983 across the southern Bay of Biscay. Total biomass, abundance and size structure of both species were recorded by haul. Stomach contents of Molva macrophthalma were also collected from 1992 to 2015. Size structure of G. argenteus was recorded both in the ecosystem and in the stomachs. More than 90 % of Molva macrophthalma diet was composed by Gadiculus argenteus showing a clear dependence on this food resource. Most of the variations in M. macrophthalma feeding behaviour were a function of prey availability and were dependent on the density of G. argenteus in the ecosystem.

Due to their low genetic complexity and relative environmental and socio-cultural uniformity, geographical and/or cultural isolates provide an unique opportunity to reconstruct processes shaping human biodiversity. Groups with remarkable historic and linguistic peculiarities, often living in a mountainous setting, are widely dispersed in the Italian territory from the Alps to the main islands. Following and developing previous work by the same research network, the project initiative “Human biodiversity in Italy: micro-evolutionary patterns” is aimed at achieving an extensive genetic characterization of these populations and studying the relations between patterns of genetic diversity and cultural, historical and demographic factors. To this purpose, research units from the Universities of Bologna, Cagliari, Pisa and Roma Sapienza are collaborating in a multidisciplinary framework. The innovative aspects of this project are represented by: i) an accurate sampling strategy based on the history and the demographic structure of the populations; ii) a complete genotyping of uniparental and autosomal markers; iii) a participative involvement of the interested communities.

La anhidrasa carbónica (AC) cataliza la conversión reversible del CO2 a bicarbonato y participa en mecanismos de alcalinización en el intestino de mosquitos. Se evalúo la toxicidad de cuatro inhibidores de anhidrasa carbónica (IAC): acetazolamida (AZM), metazolamida (MZM), etoxzolamida (ETX) y dorzolamida (DZA) en larvas de Anopheles albimanus por monitoreo de mortalidad 24, 48 y 72 horas post aplicación, a una concentración de 50 ug/ ml diluido previamente en dimetil sulfóxido. Todos los IAC redujeron la población de larvas en proporciones variables. La ETX mostró la mayor toxicidad que las AZM, MZM y DZA alcanzando una mortalidad superior al 80% después de 24 horas y del 98% después de 72 horas de su aplicación. Nuestros resultados indican que de los IAC, la etoxzolamida, en particular, constituye un candidato valioso como una nueva alternativa de control de formas inmaduras de An. albimanus, considerado el vector primario de malaria en Colombia. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and participates in mechanisms of alkalinization in the intestine of mosquitoes. The toxicity of four CA inhibitors (CAI): acetazolamide (AZM), methazolamide (MZM), ethoxolamide (ETX) and dorzolamide (DZA) were evaluated in larvae of Anopheles albimanus by monitoring mortality 24, 48 and 72 hours post application, at a concentration of 50 ug/ml diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide previously. All IAC reduced the population of larvae in variable proportions. ETX showed the highest toxicity, achieving more than 80% mortality after 24 hours and 98% after 72 hours of application. The CAI, AZM, MZM and DZA showed less toxicity (

Este estudio describe la evaluación de las actividades citotóxica y leishmanicida del aceite esencial de Matricaria chamomilla, una planta conocida como "manzanilla" a la que se le atribuye una variedad de usos en la medicina tradicional. La actividad del aceite esencial se evaluó in vitro contra amastigotes axénicos de L. (V) braziliensis, a concentraciones menores o iguales que 250µg/ml, y amastigotes intracelulares de L. (V) braziliensis y L. (V) panamensis, a concentraciones menores o iguales que 30µg/ml. Por su parte, la actividad citotóxica se evaluó contra células mamíferas de la línea promonocítica humana U-937, a concentraciones por debajo de 1,0 mg/ml. El aceite esencial de manzanilla mostró ser activo contra amastigotes intracelulares de L. (V) panamensis y L. (V) braziliensis (CE50 de 2,87 y 10,30µg /ml, respectivamente). Aunque el aceite esencial de manzanilla también mostró ser potencialmente tóxico para las células mamíferas (CL50 de 30,21µg /ml), esta toxicidad fue similar a la mostrada por la Anfotericina B (CL50 de 31,39µg /ml). El aceite esencial de manzanilla no mostró actividad contra las formas axénicas de L. (V) braziliensis, demostrando la importancia del metabolismo del compuesto en el interior de la célula para que se produzca el metabolito activo contra el parásito. Estos resultados aportan bases para sugerir que el aceite esencial de manzanilla tiene potencial para el desarrollo de medicamentos contra Leishmania, el cual debe ser validado en estudios futuros in vivo en modelos animales. This study describes the evaluation of cytotoxic and leishmanicidal activities for Matricaria chamomilla essential oil. M. chamomilla is a plant commonly named "manzanilla" that has many uses in traditional medicine. The activity of essential oil was evaluated in vitro against axenic amastigotes of L. (V) braziliensis at concentrations lower than or equal to 250µg/ml and intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) braziliensis and L. (V) panamensis at concentrations lower than or equal to 30µg/ml. On other hand, the cytotoxic activity was assessed against mammalian cells of the promonocytic human cell line U937 at concentrations below 1.0mg/ml. The essential oil of M. chamomilla showed activity against intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) panamensis and L. (V) braziliensis (EC50 of 2.87 and 10.30µg/ml, respectively). Although the essential oil of M. chamomilla also shown to be potentially toxic to mammalian cellsLC50 ( of 30.21µg ml) this toxicity was similar to that shown by Amphotericin B (LC50 of 31.39µg/ml). This essential oil showed no activity against axenic forms of L. (V) braziliensis suggesting the importance of the compound metabolism inside cells to produce the metabolite that would be active against parasites. These results suggest that the essential oil of M. chamomilla has potential for development of drugs anti- Leishmania that must be validated in future studies in vivo using animal models.