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Item does not contain fulltext, Over the last decade, evidence has demonstrated that long-term, low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg daily) is effective for preventing gout flare and cardiovascular (CV) events in a wide range of patients. Given the potentially expanding use of colchicine in CV disease, we here review and update the biologic effects and safety of colchicine based on recent data gathered from bench and pharmacodynamic studies, clinical reports, controlled clinical trials, and meta-analyses, integrated with important studies over the last 50 years, to offer a consensus perspective by experts from multiple specialties familiar with colchicine's long-term use. We conclude that the clinical benefits of colchicine in gout and CV disease achieved at low dose do not sustain serum levels above the upper limit of safety when used in patients without advanced renal or liver disease or when used concomitantly with most medications. Further, data accrued over the last 50 years strongly suggest that the biologic effects of long-term colchicine do not increase the risk of cancer, sepsis, cytopenia, or myotoxicity.

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) affects up to 40% of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). An effective treatment for patients with axSpA that reduces the risk of AAU flares while also targeting axial symptoms is therefore highly desirable. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) have been shown effective for treatment of axSpA and AAU occurrence, with guidelines conditionally recommending treating patients with axSpA and associated AAU with TNFi monoclonal antibodies. To date, most available data on the impact of TNFis on AAU in axSpA are from observational, open-label studies without parallel comparator arms. However, there is a growing body of evidence describing the impact of the TNFi certolizumab pegol (CZP) on the incidence of axSpA-associated AAU. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to collate data pertaining to the impact of CZP in axSpA-associated AAU in patients across the full axSpA spectrum. METHODS: Data were obtained from four industry-supported phase 3 and 4 clinical trials (C-VIEW, C-axSpAnd, C-OPTIMISE, and RAPID-axSpA). To supplement these data, a targeted literature review was performed through searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and reference lists. RESULTS: Available data from 1467 patients from the C-VIEW, C-axSpAnd, C-OPTIMISE, and RAPID-axSpA trials show CZP to be effective in AAU in patients across the full axSpA spectrum, reducing AAU flares when compared with placebo or pretreatment period. No differences in AAU outcomes were reported when stratified by axSpA subgroup age or sex. The targeted literature review identified six further studies of CZP in spondyloarthritis-associated AAU, only one of which was specific to axSpA. CONCLUSION: CZP was effective in reducing AAU incidence in clinical trials with patients with axSpA. The targeted literature review, however, highlighted that there remains a paucity of data beyond these trials. Data from comparative studies would further enhance the body of evidence on the effects of CZP in patien

Contains fulltext : 209663.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)

Contains fulltext : 174506.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Aim: To assess the epidemiology of inpatient gout in Australia and New Zealand during the years 2009-2014. Method(s): Using the Health Roundtable Limited (HRT) dataset, all patients with a coded ICD10 primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of gout from a HRT participating Australian or New Zealand hospital between the years 2009 and 2014 were identified. The number of inpatient gout admissions, length of stay, body site of gout flare, temporal trends and comorbidities were assessed. Result(s): During 2009-2014, the number of gout admissions increased significantly in Australia and New Zealand. The rate of inpatient gout admissions relative to the population and total HRT admissions rose in Australia and stayed static in New Zealand. Lower limb presentations were the commonest anatomical site of gout in admitted patients. Length of stay over the course of the study decreased both in patients admitted for gout and in those in the entire HRT dataset. Patients admitted for gout have longer length of stay compared to patients admitted for other reasons. Cardiovascular disease, infection and stroke were the commonest conditions that were complicated by an episode of inpatient gout. There was no influence of month or season on the pattern of gout admissions. Conclusion(s): The number of gout admissions rose in Australia numerically and as a proportion of the total population and total admissions. Gout is an increasing problem affecting individuals and the community as a whole in Australia.Copyright © 2016 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

Contains fulltext : 156781.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)

Contains fulltext : 150102.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

The Porgera deposit represents the extreme variability of hydrothermal gold deposits, which frequently contain more than one type of refractory gold. Situated in the Central Highland of Papua New Guinea, the deposit consists of black shale and siltstones intruded by three principle phases of dioritic composition. To evaluate all potential processes for the recovery of Porgera gold comprehensive metallurgical testing has been undertaken. This detailed testwork has confirmed that the bulk of the refractory gold is intimately associated with pyrite. High recovery of Au from the ore can be achieved by pressure pre-oxidation of a pyritic flotation concentrate. A detailed account of the mineralogy and metallurgical response of Porgera ore is given. Development of a suitable flowsheet for processing of the ore and the likely impact on capital and operating costs are discussed., The Porgera deposit represents the extreme variability of hydrothermal gold deposits, which frequently contain more than one type of refractory gold. Situated in the Central Highland of Papua New Guinea, the deposit consists of black shale and siltstones intruded by three principle phases of dioritic composition. To evaluate all potential processes for the recovery of Porgera gold comprehensive metallurgical testing has been undertaken. This detailed testwork has confirmed that the bulk of the refractory gold is intimately associated with pyrite. High recovery of Au from the ore can be achieved by pressure pre-oxidation of a pyritic flotation concentrate. A detailed account of the mineralogy and metallurgical response of Porgera ore is given. Development of a suitable flowsheet for processing of the ore and the likely impact on capital and operating costs are discussed.

The complex mineralogy of the Porgera resource has a pronounced effect on process selection for the recovery of refractory gold and silver. Intimate association of gold with pyrite necessitates a high degree of sulphur preoxidation in order to achieve acceptable levels of gold recovery. Acid pressure oxidation has been demonstrated to be the only commercially proven process capable of achieving the required level of pyrite oxidation. Minipiloting of the preconcentration and oxidation stages of the Porgera flowsheet are described. Preconcentration results in high recoveries of gold into gravity and flotation concentrates. The bulk of the gold is contained in auriferous pyrite flotation concentrate and is not readily recoverable by direct cyanidation. Oxidation in autoclaves at high pressure and temperature produces residue which contains the gold in recoverable form. Pilot plant treatment of the autoclave residue is described, through washing and jarosite decomposition stages, to cyanide leaching and recovery of gold and silver by carbon in pulp techniques., The complex mineralogy of the Porgera resource has a pronounced effect on process selection for the recovery of refractory gold and silver. Intimate association of gold with pyrite necessitates a high degree of sulphur preoxidation in order to achieve acceptable levels of gold recovery. Acid pressure oxidation has been demonstrated to be the only commercially proven process capable of achieving the required level of pyrite oxidation. Minipiloting of the preconcentration and oxidation stages of the Porgera flowsheet are described. Preconcentration results in high recoveries of gold into gravity and flotation concentrates. The bulk of the gold is contained in auriferous pyrite flotation concentrate and is not readily recoverable by direct cyanidation. Oxidation in autoclaves at high pressure and temperature produces residue which contains the gold in recoverable form. Pilot plant treatment of the autoclave residue is described, through washing and jarosite decomposition stages, to cyanide leaching and recovery of gold and silver by carbon in pulp techniques.

The experience of Tara Mines in operating the Navan Zn-Pb mine in Ireland is described. The mine is the largest Zn mine in Europe and the fourth largest in the world. It underlies farmland, houses, several roads and a river and is on the edge of a medium-sized town. The mine was designed to operate not only within existing legal constraints but within future legislation. The development was accepted by the planning authority and the community largely due to the use of environmental impact assessment by the company 14 years ahead of the EC EIA directive. An overview is presented of community relations, the monitoring programme (air, land, water, noise and vibration) and tailings pond management (dust and seepage control and tailings rehabilitation)., The experience of Tara Mines in operating the Navan Zn-Pb mine in Ireland is described. The mine is the largest Zn mine in Europe and the fourth largest in the world. It underlies farmland, houses, several roads and a river and is on the edge of a medium-sized town. The mine was designed to operate not only within existing legal constraints but within future legislation. The development was accepted by the planning authority and the community largely due to the use of environmental impact assessment by the company 14 years ahead of the EC EIA directive. An overview is presented of community relations, the monitoring programme (air, land, water, noise and vibration) and tailings pond management (dust and seepage control and tailings rehabilitation).

A discussion is presented of the ways in which the ceramics industry affects the enviroment and of the ways in which selected ceramic products are being used to improve environments., A discussion is presented of the ways in which the ceramics industry affects the enviroment and of the ways in which selected ceramic products are being used to improve environments.