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Eric Chee How Tan,1,2 Richard Avoi,1 Fredie Robinson,1 Mohammad Saffree Jeffree,1 Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim,1 Mohd Yusof Ibrahim,1 Aza Sherin Mohd Yusuff,3 Khamisah Awang Lukman1,4 1Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; 2Tawau Area Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia; 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; 4Center for Occupational Safety & Health, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Khamisah Awang Lukman, Tel +60198337543, Email khamisah@ums.edu.myBackground: The double burden of malnutrition among children is an emerging public health problem, especially in developing countries. Eating behaviours have been hypothesised to contribute to both being underweight and overweight in children and adults. The objective of this study was to examine the association between the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) subscale scores and body mass index (BMI) z-scores among Malaysian children under-5 years.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 by recruiting a sample of 500 children aged 24– 59 months old from clinics located in the interior districts of Sabah, Malaysia. The CEBQ was completed by the mothers on behalf of the child to assess their eating behaviour traits. The height and weight of the child were measured using standardised instrument. The BMI-for-age percentile, z-scores for BMI-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-age were determined and classified using World Health Organization AnthroPlus software. The relationship between the CEBQ subscale scores and BMI z-scores were evaluated using multiple linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders.Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were 20.2%, 29.2% and 5.6%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of overweight and obese was 5.0%. There were significant positive association between Food responsiveness, Emotional overeating, Enjoyment of food with BMI z-scores (p< 0.05; unstandardised regression coefficient: 0.17 to 0.38). In contrast, there were significant negative association between Satiety responsiveness, Slowness of eating, Food fussiness with BMI z-scores (p< 0.01; unstandardised regression coefficient: − 0.35 to − 0.36).Conclusion: These findings show that specific eating behaviours can influence the growth of children under-5 years. Therefore, policymakers should formulate a nutrition policy that incorporates behavioural assessment and behavioural intervention in the prevention and management of malnutrition among children in Malaysia.Keywords: appetite, malnutrition, Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, body mass index

Se evaluó la variación de la biomasa de rotíferos en los ejes longitudinal y vertical de la zona fótica de los embalses La Fe y Riogrande II (Antioquia), Colombia, con diferentes estados tróficos, durante los periodos de alta y baja precipitación. Además, se analizó su relación con las variables temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH, transparencia, nutrientes y con la biomasa fitoplanctónica. La biomasa de rotíferos fue dominada por Asplanchna girodi De Geurne 1888, en los dos embalses y fue significativamente mayor en el embalse de menor trofía. Aunque la biomasa de rotíferos no mostró un gradiente longitudinal significativo, sí presentó zonación vertical dentro de la zona fótica, con mayor biomasa en el 10 y 1% de incidencia lumínica. Los patrones de variación de la biomasa total de rotíferos y de las especies dominantes estuvieron determinados principalmente por el ingreso de sólidos suspendidos en el embalse de mayor trofía y por la biomasa y la densidad del fitoplancton en el embalse con menos nutrientes. A diferencia de lo esperado, la biomasa de los rotíferos no fue favorecida por condiciones de mayor estado trófico, ya que el factor preponderante sobre la expresión de biomasa fue la calidad de los recursos alimenticios en cada embalse.

Este artigo propõe uma nova topologia híbrida trifásica a três fios para a regulação da amplitude das tensões de saída de sistemas de geração isolados baseados em geradores de indução autoexcitados. A topologia proposta é composta por bancos de capacitores comutáveis e compensador estático de distribuição (DSTATCOM). A vantagem da topologia proposta é a redução da potência do DSTATCOM, se comparada com a topologia que utiliza somente o DSTATCOM. A partir da modelagem matemática do sistema, considerando a topologia híbrida, é proposto um algoritmo de controle de conexão dos bancos de capacitores e controle do DSTATCOM de forma a garantir a interação entre ambos. Resultados de simulação e experimentais são apresentados com o intuito de validar a nova topologia e comprovar seu desempenho na regulação da amplitude das tensões.

This paper proposes a new open-loop synchronization method for three-phase three-wire PWM converters connected to the utility grid. It presents a good performance under unbalanced and highly distorted grid voltages. Moreover, it has a better performance in terms of distortions in the synchronization signals if compared with other open-loop methods and it has a good transient performance due amplitude, frequency and angle disturbances. In addition, a frequency adaptation algorithm is proposed for applications where large frequency variations are expected, such as in weak grids. Experimental results using a DSP TMS320F2812 are given to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed synchronization method.

The production of grain-oriented, electrical steel consists of a series of processes that lead to a product with superior magnetic properties used in transformers due to the low core loss. The unique properties are gained during the process of secondary recrystallization and abnormal grain growth. The abnormal grain growth occurs during a process of special thermal treatment with careful control over the heating rate, pressure, and type of gas used as atmospheric pressure during the process. The process of thermal treatment is known as high-temperature annealing. Investigating of developing the process hardware is crucially important to sustain energy-efficient processes and to maintain excellent final product properties. This research presents an overview of the technology of high-temperature coil annealing (HTCA) furnaces used at Cogent Power Orb, UK. The research focuses on some specific details of running, managing, and controlling the operation of the HTCA furnaces during the annealing process. The research provides energy analysis of the annealing process at Cogent Power Orb. Different factors were examined to identify the main factors that contribute to the high energy consumption. Actual data were collected from the annealing furnace control system. The raw data were processed and analyzed carefully to examine different factors, namely, steel charge weight, furnace on-time, and furnace heating elements. The study focused then on one specific factor, namely, annealing cycle time, and investigated further the way that this factor affects the process energy consumption. It was found that one of the main reasons for the long cycle duration and the high energy consumption is the failure of the heating elements during the cycle. The research discussed the area of improvements in the process hardware with a particular focus on the furnace design and the potential of introducing convection currents to overcome failure in the heating elements and thus reduce the process on time.

ABSTRACT The estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and crop water requirements are crucial for the proper management and allocation of water resources in terms of quantity, quality, and timeliness. Therefore, remote sensing estimation of ET using the SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) can provide spatio-temporal, non-punctual data, unlike traditional calculations relying on the nearest meteorological station. This research analyzed ET using SEBAL, based on ten Landsat 8 satellite images processed with a program developed in the Model Builder of ArcGis® version 10.2. The analysis was conducted during the vegetative period of starchy corn from May to October 2016. Validation of the results happened with a drainage lysimeter installed in a monitoring plot. Additionally, the statistical indices - such as percentage relative error (PRE) (0,09), root mean square error (RMSE) (0,30), R2 (0,92), and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NASH) (0,91) - indicated a good correlation of ET for starchy corn in the central highlands of Peru. The ET identified at ten monitoring points ranged from 1,05 to 7,79 mm d-1.