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This article tells the story of the #EndCCStigma social media campaign and podcast. Created by a community college president, this grassroots effort to elevate the public perception of community colleges is comprised of a Twitter hashtag, a news aggregation algorithm, and a podcast series. In addition to delving into the concept of "stickiness" within these marketing efforts, which refers to ideas that are, among other things, simple, unexpected and emotional, the three-part theory of the campaign is analyzed. Local and national news stories that were aggregated as part of the campaign are highlighted as case studies. Direct transcriptions from the podcast series are shared to provide extensive first-hand voices of community college students, faculty, staff, and advocates. The article ends with an examination of recent national data on community college stigma, as well as the results of a survey on a community college campus conducted by students themselves.

Background: Adoption and use of effective, research-based instructional strategies (RBISs) for STEM education is less widespread than hoped. To promote further use of RBISs, the propagation paradigm suggests that developers work with potential adopters during the development process, and provide ongoing support after adoption. This article investigates the impact of a faculty online learning community (FOLC) as a professional development mechanism for supporting faculty adopting a research-based curriculum. An FOLC uses video conference technology and online platforms to connect geographically dispersed faculty with similar backgrounds (e.g., physics faculty) and supports their teaching development. In the context of a specific FOLC, this article seeks to determine the outcomes the FOLC achieves, and how. Results: Analysis of an FOLC meeting identified opportunities for rich, complex social interaction centered on the research-based curriculum. By functioning as a sounding board for ideas, a space to share experiences, a source of affective support, and a venue for troubleshooting, the FOLC mediates the achievement of a range of outcomes related to implementation of the curriculum. Survey results indicate that members feel a sense of community in the FOLC and that it provides encouragement through teaching challenges. Further results indicate participants' increased confidence in using the curriculum; familiarity with the curriculum structure and content; increased knowledge of pedagogical techniques; reflection on teaching practices in the curriculum; and use of pedagogical techniques aligned with the curriculum's core principles. Emerging evidence supports more distal outcomes, including student learning, persistence in using the curriculum, reflection in teaching practice across courses taught, and use of research-based pedagogy in other courses. Conclusions: The propagation paradigm emphasizes the need for ongoing support for adopters of RBISs. The FOLC model provides participating faculty with ongoing support through participation in a community and is an effective support mechanism for adopters of a research-based curriculum. In this study, FOLC members are increasing their knowledge and use of pedagogical techniques in the curriculum-specific course and beyond. This is facilitated by the opportunities in the FOLC for troubleshooting, idea sharing, and receiving encouragement through challenges. This model has the potential to support adopters of additional educational innovations.

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection on Curriculum Development: Theory into Design.] Fifteen years ago, following recommendations from research on science education for prospective teachers and for students more broadly, "Physics and Everyday Thinking" introduced activities within an inquiry-based undergraduate physics course that explicitly focus on the nature of science and nature of learning. This component of the curriculum is referred to as learning about learning. Since then, this same team developed a series of other curricula. These later curricula, "Physics and Everyday Thinking" (2nd ed.), "Physical Science and Everyday Thinking, Learning Physics, Learning Physical Science," and "Next Generation Physical Science and Everyday Thinking" all retain a focus on learning about learning as a priority. While similar theoretical grounding guided development across all these curricula, this particular component evolved considerably. These changes were motivated by practical considerations, developments in research, changes to the K-12 expectations, and changes in physics departments, as well as changes to the team. We introduce the term responsive curriculum development to describe the changes made to this aspect of the curricula. With responsive curriculum development, the development process is responsive to contextual, social, and policy factors so that the materials remain relevant and adaptable in diverse contexts and time periods.

The use of biochar for the adsorption of contaminants from soil and water has received considerable interest due to biochar's high surface area, negative charge, and resistance to degradation. However, a knowledge gap still exists concerning the optimum selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures to maximise sorption capacity for metals. In this study, biochars were produced from 4 different feedstock materials (hay, wheat straw, coco coir, and pine bark) at 10 pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 750 °C, at 50 °C intervals. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to determine the maximum Pb sorption capacity for each biochar using the Langmuir model. The sorption isotherms fit the Langmuir model well (generally R2 > 0.7). The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity increased with an increase in pyrolysis temperature, according to a sigmoidal relationship. A sigmoidal model was fit to the data to derive the theoretical maximum possible sorption capacity obtainable from a feedstock. We observed a positive correlation between the nitrogen content of the feedstock and the theoretical maximum possible sorption capacity obtainable from the feedstock. This relationship highlights the importance of nitrogen content in feedstock to create biochars with a high Pb sorption capacity. It is possible that cation–π interactions with heterocyclic N structures are the primary mechanism for the sorption of Pb to these biochars, and this warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on consultation meetings with eight community groups across rural England, this paper examines local perspectives on housing affordability, and the consequences of low levels of "within area" housing access for rural economies and communities, contrasting the reflective understanding of residents with normative and established perspectives on the same issues. Because it now seems likely that rural planning policy in England will, in some measure, be reconstructed from the bottom-up, prioritising local control, an analysis of residents' perspectives gives some insight into the shape of future policy intervention. The research reveals a highly nuanced understanding of affordability and the development needs of villages. Sometimes local views--particularly those of commuting or retired households--are dismissed as being motivated by NIMBYism. But this is a partial truth, with rural residents displaying reflective dissatisfaction with official perspectives on rural housing problems. (Contains 1 figure.)

Anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N) and elevated CO2 (eaCO2) are expected to increase continuously and rapidly in the near future and influence global carbon cycling. These parameters affect the ecosystem by regulating the microbial community and contribute to soil organic matter decomposition. The study was performed to understand the effects of N additions (4 and 6mgl−1) and eaCO2 (700 ppm) on carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) content in the soil, microbial community, and plant biomass (Alternanthera philoxeroides species). The results showed that when the atmospheric CO2 concentration was raised, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil statistically increased (P < 0.05) by 4% and 3% under low and high N additions respectively, while the inorganic carbon content also increased by 1% and 3% (P > 0.05) under the same conditions. The increase in the soil TOC content was a result of the movement of carbon from water to the soil due to the presence of vascular tissues of plants in the water. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results revealed that the presence of plant species was responsible for the carbon content increment in the soil. The plant biomass content increased by 30.96% (P = 0.081) and 31.36%, (P = 0.002) under low and high N addition respectively due to the increment in atmospheric CO2. The nitrogen content in the plant species decreased (p > 0.05) by 8.62% and 6.25% at low and high N addition respectively when atmospheric CO2 was raised. This suggests that soil microbes competed with the plants for inorganic nitrogen in the soil and the microbes used up the inorganic nitrogen before it got to the plants. The gram-positive bacteria and fungi population decreased under high N addition and eaCO2 while gram-negative bacteria increased, suggesting that N additions and eaCO2 affected the microbial function and correlated with the nitrogen reduction in the soil. The results from this study serve as a guide to researchers and stakeholders in making policies with regard to the constant increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years automatic number plate recognition systems have been increasingly used to monitor urban link travel time. However, the set of travel times produced will contain erroneous records for a variety of reasons including the misreading of the licence plates by the camera, vehicles stopping en-route, and vehicles taking nondirect routes between the two camera sites. This paper proposes a novel technique called the overtaking rule, which uses the serial temporal structure of the data to filter out these erroneous travel time records. The paper proposes a methodology to measure the performance of a licence plate cleaning method, and it is subsequently shown that the overtaking rule outperforms existing cleaning methods. CE Database subject headings: Travel time; Vehicles; Urban areas; Traffic management.