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Young people mitigate their climate distress, develop their efficacy, and contribute to the effectiveness of climate movements through activism. However, they are often excluded from adult-led climate movements and exposed to a number of risks when they do participate. In this context, this participatory action research study draws on multiple care theories to offer collective care praxis through which adults and young people might co-create more care-full and safe climate justice movements capable of supporting, sustaining, and sharing power with young people. The study examines how 13 young and three adult co-researchers learned about and applied collective care through a youth climate justice training program in Western Australia. The program enabled young people to engage with climate emotions, identify care practices, and map support networks. Furthermore, the study developed three practices for adult-led climate movements engaging with young people: Responding to intersectionality with active solidarity, child safeguarding, and building care-full community coalitions. We conclude that a collective care praxis offers organisers and activists in all their diversities an opportunity to prefigure more care-full and just climate movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug manufacturers are expected to provide labeling information needed to yield safe and effective product use. However, it is not clear that consumers dose sunscreen, an over-the-counter drug, appropriately; in fact, existing evidence suggests underdosing as a common phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dispensing device and labeling on self-administered doses of sunscreen in young adults. To investigate those effects, a 2 × 2 factorial laboratory experiment crossing dispensing device (two levels) with labeling treatment (two levels) was conducted. Participants applied sunscreen from each of the four treatments; dosing concentration, measured in mg/cm[superscript 2], served as the response variable. Participants (n = 94) were recruited on the campuses of Michigan State University (East Lansing, MI) and California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo, CA). Each participant applied sunscreen from each unique treatment to sites on their arms and legs (four applications). Postapplication, a survey was completed to characterize demographics, risk perception, and sunscreen use patterns. Results indicate participants applied approximately 30% less sunscreen from the pump bottles than the squeeze bottles (difference estimate of 0.3059 mg/cm[superscript 2], standard error = 0.0607, p < 0.0001); there was no evidence of a difference based on label treatments. Post hoc recognition tests indicated only 55% of participants were able to recognize the two experimental labels they had viewed immediately following sunscreen application. Sunscreen application density was directly related to level of worry regarding skin cancer and frequency of sunscreen use ([alpha] = 0.05). Our results suggest the dispensing device used to deliver sunscreen impacts the dosage amount consumers apply.

Polycrop mixtures are of increasing interest to western Canadian beef producers as alternative forages for grazing as they may promote plant biodiversity and nutritive value. This 2-yr study evaluated the effects of swath grazing either simple or complex polycrop mixtures on forage yield and quality, beef cow performance, and methane emissions. Forage treatments included 1) CDC Haymaker oat (Avena sativa; Control); 2) CDC Haymaker oat, Goliath brassica (Brassica napus), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), CDC Jasper pea (Pisum sativum; Simple); and 3) CDC Haymaker oat, Goliath brassica, hairy vetch, CDC Jasper pea, CDC Maverick barley (Hordeum vulgare), Red proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), Teff grass (Eragrostis tef) and Choice chicory (Cichorium intybus; Complex). Dry pregnant beef cows [n = 90; body weight (BW) = 607.2 ± 32.3 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 2.9 ± 0.06] blocked by BW were randomly allocated to 1 of 9 paddocks (10 cows/paddock). Paddocks were randomly assigned 1 of 3 replicated (n = 3) systems. Cow BCS was measured at start (SOT) and end (EOT) of trial. Cow BW was recorded on 2 consecutive days at the SOT and EOT, and every 21 d during trial. Cows grazed for an average of 52 d from October to December (Control 51 ± 9.07 d; Simple 54 ± 9.20 d; Complex 53 ± 12.41 d). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using the mixed model of SAS (9.4). Year and paddock were included as a random effect. Forage dry matter yield (DMY) was similar (P = 0.44) among Control (4,369 kg/ha), Simple (4,053 kg/ha), and Complex (4,245 kg/ha) treatments. Start of trial forage crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) did not differ (P = 0.18 and P = 0.14) among treatments (Control 13.3% CP and 74.4% TDN; Simple 14.76% CP and 71.51% TDN; Complex 14.95% CP and 74.46% TDN). End of trial forage CP and TDN did not differ (P = 0.57 and P = 0.20) among treatments (Control 13.9% CP and 69.5% TDN; Simple 13.9% CP and 69.9% TDN; Complex 13.2% CP and 72.4% TDN). Cow BCS and average daily gain did not differ among forage treatments (P = 0.60 and P = 0.45, respectively). Cow dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (P = 0.19) among treatments (Control 11.13 kg/d; Simple 9.74 kg/d; Complex 9.96 kg/d). Methane emissions were greatest (P = 0.04) for cows grazing Simple (28.7 CH4 g/kg DMI) and Complex treatments (28.2 CH4 g/kg DMI) compared with monoculture oat treatment (22.6 CH4 g/kg DMI). Study results suggest that simple or complex polycrop mixtures may be used as forage alternatives to a monoculture oat grazing system as they produce adequate biomass and had nutritive value suitable for gestating beef cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have long investigated how perceptions of the victim affect judgments in a sexual assault case, but little research has investigated perceptions of the perpetrator. Participants (N = 322) read a scenario about an alleged sexual assault that manipulated victim behavior (speed of reporting) and perpetrator characteristics (athlete status and celebrity status) and then made judgments about the victim and perpetrator. Results showed that victim behavior was the most important factor in judgments. Furthermore, significant three-way interactions suggested that participants may attend to perpetrator characteristics but only when the victim's behavior is consistent with stereotypes about sexual assault victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]