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3. Contributors

Author

Aagaard, Philip, primary, Abrams, Dominic James, additional, Abriel, Hugues, additional, Adkisson, Wayne O., additional, Agullo-Pascual, Esperanza, additional, Alvarado, Francisco J., additional, Amin, Ahmad S., additional, Antzelevitch, Charles, additional, Anumonwo, Justus M.B., additional, Armaganijan, Luciana, additional, Arya, Arash, additional, Asirvatham, Samuel, additional, Atienza, Felipe, additional, Backx, Peter H., additional, Ballou, Lisa M., additional, Balse, Elise, additional, Balulad, Sujata, additional, Barbuti, Andrea, additional, Bardy, Gust H., additional, Bassil, Guillaume, additional, Benditt, David G., additional, Berenfeld, Omer, additional, Bers, Donald M., additional, Binah, Ofer, additional, Bogun, Frank, additional, Bongianino, Rossana, additional, Boyle, Noel G., additional, Boyle, Patrick M., additional, Breithardt, Günter, additional, Brini, Marisa, additional, Brink, Peter R., additional, Brugada, Pedro, additional, Buch, Eric, additional, Bukauskas, Feliksas F., additional, Calkins, Hugh, additional, Callans, David J., additional, Caples, Sean M., additional, Carafoli, Ernesto, additional, Catterall, William A., additional, Cerrone, Marina, additional, Chaumeil, Arnaud, additional, Chen, Caressa, additional, Chen, Lan S., additional, Chen, Peng-Sheng, additional, Cheng, Jianding, additional, Chiamvimonvat, Nipavan, additional, Christini, David J., additional, Chugh, Aman, additional, Climent, Andreu M., additional, Cohen, Ira S., additional, Connolly, Stuart J., additional, Cooper, Lebron, additional, Crespo, Eric M., additional, Crotti, Lia, additional, Csepe, Thomas A., additional, Cuoco, Frank, additional, Curtis, Anne B., additional, Damiano, Ralph J., additional, Darbar, Dawood, additional, Das, Mithilesh K., additional, d’Avila, Andre, additional, Delmar, Mario, additional, Delpón, Eva, additional, Denegri, Marco, additional, Denis, Arnaud, additional, Derval, Nicolas, additional, Deschênes, Isabelle, additional, Deshmukh, Abhishek, additional, Di Biase, Luigi, additional, Dickfeld, Timm M., additional, Dierckx, Hans, additional, Dinov, Borislav, additional, Dixit, Sanjay, additional, Dobrev, Dobromir, additional, Dubois, Remi, additional, Eckardt, Lars, additional, Edwards, Andrew G., additional, Ellenbogen, Kenneth A., additional, Ellinor, Patrick T., additional, Estes, N.A. Mark, additional, Fabritz, Larissa, additional, Fedorov, Vadim V., additional, Fernandez, Antonio B., additional, Teijeira Fernández, Elvis, additional, Filgueiras-Rama, David, additional, Fishbein, Michael C., additional, Fishman, Glenn I., additional, Frankel, David S., additional, Friedman, Paul, additional, Frontera, Antonio, additional, Gami, Apoor S., additional, Garabelli, Paul, additional, George, Alfred L., additional, Gerstenfeld, Edward P., additional, Gizurarson, Sigfus, additional, Gold, Michael R., additional, Goldberger, Jeffrey J., additional, Grace, Andrew, additional, Grassi, Guido, additional, Greenfield, Ruth Ann, additional, Gross, Wendy L., additional, Grubb, Blair P., additional, Guillem, María S., additional, Györke, Sándor, additional, Haïssaguerre, Michel, additional, Hake, Johan, additional, Halperin, Henry R., additional, Hansen, Brian J., additional, Hatem, Stéphane, additional, Hayes, David L., additional, Heijman, Jordi, additional, Herron, Todd J., additional, Hindricks, Gerhard, additional, Hocini, Mélèze, additional, Hohnloser, Stefan H., additional, Holmes, David R., additional, Hoshijima, Masahiko, additional, Hund, Thomas J., additional, Hutchinson, Mathew D., additional, Ilkhanoff, Leonard, additional, Ingles, Jodie, additional, Ip, James E., additional, Jackman, Warren M., additional, Jackson, Nicholas, additional, Jaïs, Pierre, additional, Jalife, José, additional, Jhun, Bong Sook, additional, John, Roy M., additional, Jongbloed, Monique, additional, Jordaens, Luc, additional, Kalman, Jonathan M., additional, Kamp, Timothy J., additional, Kanj, Mohamed H., additional, Kapa, Suraj, additional, Karabin, Beverly, additional, Karakikes, Ioannis, additional, Katritsis, Demosthenes G., additional, Kaur, Kuljeet, additional, Kirchhof, Paulus, additional, Kléber, André G., additional, Klein, George J., additional, Kohl, Peter, additional, Koneru, Jayanthi N., additional, Koruth, Jacob S., additional, Krahn, Andrew D., additional, Krogh-Madsen, Trine, additional, Kuck, Karl Heinz, additional, Kumar, Saurabh, additional, Kushnir, Alexander, additional, Lakdawala, Neal K., additional, Laksman, Zachary W.M., additional, Latchamsetty, Rakesh, additional, Lau, Dennis H., additional, Lerman, Bruce B., additional, Lin, Richard Z., additional, Lin, Shien-Fong, additional, Link, Mark S., additional, Liu, Bin, additional, Liu, Christopher F., additional, Lockwood, Deborah J., additional, Lopatin, Anatoli N., additional, Lubitz, Steven A., additional, Mahajan, Rajiv, additional, Makielski, Jonathan C., additional, Malik, Marek, additional, Marchlinski, Francis E., additional, Markowitz, Steven M., additional, Maron, Barry J., additional, Maron, Martin S., additional, Marx, Steven O., additional, Massé, Stéphane, additional, McCulloch, Andrew D., additional, McKelvie-Sebileau, Pippa, additional, Melby, Spencer J., additional, Metzner, Andreas, additional, Michailova, Anushka P., additional, Michaud, Gregory F., additional, Miller, John M., additional, Mishra, Jyotsna, additional, Mitrani, Raul D., additional, Mohler, Peter J., additional, Morady, Fred, additional, Myerburg, Robert J., additional, Nakagawa, Hiroshi, additional, Nalliah, Chrishan Joseph, additional, Nanthakumar, Kumaraswamy, additional, Napolitano, Carlo, additional, Narayan, Sanjiv M., additional, Natale, Andrea, additional, Nattel, Stanley, additional, Nazarian, Saman, additional, Nguyen, Thao P., additional, Nogami, Akihiko, additional, Noujaim, Sami F., additional, Nubret Le Coniat, Karine, additional, Olshansky, Brian, additional, O-Uchi, Jin, additional, Oudit, Gavin Y., additional, Ouyang, Feifan, additional, Ozcan, Cevher, additional, Packer, Douglas L., additional, Pandit, Sandeep V., additional, Panfilov, Alexander V., additional, Park, David S., additional, Patocskai, Bence, additional, Pauza, Dainius H., additional, Pauziene, Neringa, additional, Piccini, Jonathan P., additional, Pitt, Geoffrey S., additional, Po, Sunny S., additional, Prasad, Abhiram, additional, Priori, Silvia G., additional, Radwański, Przemysław B., additional, Rappel, Wouter-Jan, additional, Reiser, Michelle, additional, Restrepo, Alejandro Jimenez, additional, Robinson, Richard B., additional, Roden, Dan M., additional, Rosen, Michael R., additional, Rosso, Raphael, additional, Rudy, Yoram, additional, Rysevaite-Kyguoliene, Kristina, additional, Sabbah, Hani N., additional, Sacher, Frederic, additional, Sachse, Frank B., additional, Saguner, Ardan M., additional, Sanders, Prashanthan, additional, Sanguinetti, Michael C., additional, Santangeli, Pasquale, additional, Sarraf, Mohammad, additional, Satin, Jonathan, additional, Schalij, Martin Jan, additional, Scherlag, Benjamin J., additional, Schill, Matthew R., additional, Schleifer, J. William, additional, Schuessler, Richard B., additional, Schwartz, Peter J., additional, Seeger, Timon, additional, Semsarian, Christopher, additional, Seravalle, Gino, additional, Shah, Ashok J., additional, Shaw, Robin M., additional, Shen, Mark J., additional, Shen, Win–Kuang, additional, Sheu, Shey-Shing, additional, Shivkumar, Kalyanam, additional, Silva, Jennifer N.A., additional, Skanes, Allan C., additional, Soejima, Kyoko, additional, Somers, Virend K., additional, Sorajja, Dan, additional, Stavrakis, Stavros, additional, Steinberg, Christian, additional, Stevenson, Lynne Warner, additional, Stevenson, William G., additional, Sweeney, Michael O., additional, Swerdlow, Charles, additional, Takigawa, Masateru, additional, Tamargo, Juan, additional, Tandri, Harikrishna, additional, Tedrow, Usha B., additional, Thompson, Nathaniel, additional, Thompson, Paul D., additional, Tomaselli, Gordon F., additional, Towbin, Jeffrey A., additional, Trayanova, Natalia A., additional, Tristani-Firouzi, Martin, additional, Tseng, Zian H., additional, Ueda, Akiko, additional, Valdivia, Héctor H., additional, Valiunas, Virginijus, additional, van der Werf, Christian, additional, Van Hare, George F., additional, Vidmar, David, additional, Viskin, Sami, additional, Voigt, Niels, additional, Walsh, Edward P., additional, Wang, Paul J., additional, Wehrens, Xander H.T., additional, Weiss, Mark S., additional, Wilde, Arthur A.M., additional, Wilkoff, Bruce L., additional, Woo, Y. Joseph, additional, Wu, Joseph C., additional, Yee, Raymond, additional, Zaman, Junaid A.B., additional, Zarzoso, Manuel, additional, Zeitler, Emily P., additional, Zeppenfeld, Katja, additional, Zghaib, Tarek, additional, Zhang, Xiao-Dong, additional, and Zipes, Douglas P., additional

Published
2018
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7. Physiological and Other Biological Pacemakers

Author

Rosen, Michael R., Brink, Peter R., Cohen, Ira S., Robinson, Richard B., Gussak, Ihor, editor, Antzelevitch, Charles, editor, Wilde, Arthur A. M., editor, Friedman, Paul A., editor, Ackerman, Michael J., editor, and Shen, Win-Kuang, editor

Published
2008
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9. Biological Pacemakers Based on If

Author

Rosen, Michael R., Brink, Peter R., Cohen, Ira S., Robinson, Richard B., Nagel, Joachim H., editor, Spaan, J. A. E, editor, Coronel, Ruben, editor, de Bakker, Jacques M. T., editor, and Zaza, Antonio, editor

Published
2007
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10. Survey of Personal Attitudes About Cerritos College From Full-Time Day Students of Mexican-American Heritage.

Author

Robinson, Richard B.

Abstract

Of the 53 Mexican-American full-time students at Cerritos College (Calif.) who completed questionnaires designed to determine their attitudes toward the institution and to detect possible reasons for their fellow Mexican-Americans' disinterest in attending college or dropping out of the institution, 90% reported that they themselves had not experienced any discrimination by the students or staff, 80% said that they felt socially accepted, and 50% indicated that the staff did not understand their problems. Major reasons cited by the respondents for the failure of other Mexican-Americans to attend college or to remain at Cerritos included (1) economic reasons, (2) problems with teachers, (3) academic problems, and (4) language problems. It was recommended that the college provide part-time employment and student loans for Mexican-Americans, that the programming of classes be improved, that regular counseling sessions be established to combat the dropout problem, and that special language arts classes be created for remedial work in English. (DG)

Published
1968

26. Contributors

Author

Abriel, Hugues, primary, Adkisson, Wayne O., additional, Agullo-Pascual, Esperanza, additional, Ajijola, Olujimi A., additional, Al-Ahmad, Amin, additional, Alli, Oluseun, additional, Altman, Robert K., additional, Anter, Elad, additional, Antzelevitch, Charles, additional, Anumonwo, Justus M.B., additional, Armaganijan, Luciana, additional, Ashikaga, Hiroshi, additional, Atienza, Felipe, additional, Avula, Uma Mahesh R., additional, Backx, Peter H., additional, Balse, Elise, additional, Barrett, Conor D., additional, Benditt, David G., additional, Berenfeld, Omer, additional, Bers, Donald M., additional, Berul, Charles I., additional, Blank, A. Christian, additional, Bloise, Raffaella, additional, Bogun, Frank Matthias, additional, Borggrefe, Martin, additional, Boyle, Noel G., additional, Breithardt, Günter, additional, Brini, Marisa, additional, Brink, Peter R., additional, Brugada, Josep, additional, Brugada, Pau, additional, Brugada, Pedro, additional, Brugada, Ramon, additional, Brugada, Victoria, additional, Buch, Eric, additional, Bukauskas, Feliksas F., additional, Burkhardt, J. David, additional, Bursac, Nenad, additional, Calkins, Hugh, additional, Callans, David J., additional, Campuzano, Oscar, additional, Caples, Sean M., additional, Carafoli, Ernesto, additional, Castellanos, Augustin, additional, Catterall, William, additional, Cerrone, Marina, additional, Chen, Lan S., additional, Chen, Lei, additional, Chen, Peng-Sheng, additional, Chin, Ashley, additional, Chugh, Aman, additional, Cohen, Ira S., additional, Connolly, Stuart J., additional, Constantino, Jason, additional, Crotti, Lia, additional, Cuoco, Frank A., additional, Curtis, Anne B., additional, Damiano, Ralph J., additional, Darbar, Dawood, additional, Das, Mithilesh K., additional, Delmar, Mario, additional, Delpón, Eva, additional, Di Biase, Luigi, additional, Dixit, Sanjay, additional, Dobrev, Dobromir, additional, Dosdall, Derek J., additional, Dyer, John W., additional, Eckardt, Lars, additional, Edwards, Andrew G., additional, Efimov, Igor R., additional, Ellenbogen, Kenneth A., additional, Ellinor, Patrick T., additional, Entcheva, Emilia, additional, Estes, N.A. Mark, additional, Fischmeister, Rodolphe, additional, Fisher, John D., additional, Fishman, Glenn I., additional, Frankel, David S., additional, Franz, Michael R., additional, Friedman, Paul A., additional, Froelicher, Victor F., additional, Gami, Apoor S., additional, George, Alfred L., additional, Gerstenfeld, Edward P., additional, Gold, Michael R., additional, Goldberger, Jeffrey J., additional, Grandi, Eleonora, additional, Gray, Richard A., additional, Groh, William J., additional, Grubb, Blair P., additional, Haissaguerre, Michel, additional, Hake, Johan, additional, Halperin, Henry R., additional, Harris, Louise, additional, Hatem, Stéphane, additional, Hayes, David L., additional, Hocini, Meleze, additional, Hohnloser, Stefan H., additional, Holmes, David Richard, additional, Hoshijima, Masahiko, additional, Hu, Yuxuan, additional, Hund, Thomas J., additional, Hutchinson, Mathew D., additional, Hwang, Hye Jin, additional, Ideker, Raymond E., additional, Ilkhanoff, Leonard, additional, Ingles, Jodie, additional, Jackman, Warren M., additional, Jais, Pierre, additional, Jalife, José, additional, Jhun, Bong Sook, additional, John, Roy M., additional, Jongbloed, Monique, additional, Josephson, Mark E., additional, Kadish, Alan H., additional, Kalifa, Jérôme, additional, Kalman, Jonathan M., additional, Kamp, Timothy J., additional, Kanj, Mohamed Hani, additional, Karabin, Beverly, additional, Kass, Robert S., additional, Katritsis, Demosthenes G., additional, Kaur, Kuljeet, additional, Kim, Jong J., additional, Kirchhof, Paulus, additional, Kléber, André G., additional, Klein, George J., additional, Kohl, Peter, additional, Kolandaivelu, Aravindan, additional, Krahn, Andrew D., additional, Krumerman, Andrew, additional, Kumar, Saurabh, additional, Kuck, Karl-Heinz, additional, Lakatta, Edward G., additional, Latchamsetty, Rakesh, additional, Lau, Dennis H., additional, Lerman, Bruce B., additional, Leroy, Jérôme, additional, Lewis, William R., additional, Lin, Shien-Fong, additional, Link, Mark S., additional, Liu, Christopher F., additional, Lockwood, Deborah J., additional, Loh, Peter, additional, Lopatin, Anatoli N., additional, Lopshire, John C., additional, Lubitz, Steven A., additional, Madias, Christopher, additional, Mahajan, Aman, additional, Makielski, Jonathan C., additional, Malik, Marek, additional, Maltsev, Victor A., additional, Marchlinski, Francis E., additional, Marelli, Ariane J., additional, Markowitz, Steven M., additional, Maron, Barry J., additional, Martens, Jeffrey R., additional, Marx, Steven O., additional, McCulloch, Andrew D., additional, Metzner, Andreas, additional, Michailova, Anuska P., additional, Miller, John Michael, additional, Milstein, Michelle Lynne, additional, Mohler, Peter, additional, Morady, Fred, additional, Myerburg, Robert J., additional, Nakagawa, Hiroshi, additional, Napolitano, Carlo, additional, Narayan, Sanjiv M., additional, Natale, Andrea, additional, Nattel, Stanley, additional, Nazarian, Saman, additional, Nerbonne, Jeanne M., additional, Ng, Fu Siong, additional, Nogami, Akihiko, additional, Noujaim, Sami F., additional, Olshansky, Brian, additional, Oral, Hakan, additional, O-Uchi, Jin, additional, Ouyang, Feifan, additional, Ozcan, Cevher, additional, Packer, Douglas L., additional, Pahlm, Olle, additional, Pandit, Sandeep V., additional, Park, David S., additional, Pitt, Geoffrey S., additional, Po, Sunny S., additional, Priori, Silvia G., additional, Rappel, Wouter-Jan, additional, Reddy, Vivek Y., additional, Robertson, Jason O., additional, Robinson, Richard B., additional, Roden, Dan M., additional, Rose, Robert A., additional, Rosen, Michael R., additional, Rosso, Raphael, additional, Rudy, Yoram, additional, Ruskin, Jeremy N., additional, Sabbah, Hani N., additional, Sachse, Frank B., additional, Saint, Lindsey L., additional, Saiz, Javier, additional, Sánchez-Chapula, José A., additional, Sanders, Prashanthan, additional, Sanguinetti, Michael C., additional, Santangeli, Pasquale, additional, Sarquella-Brugada, Georgia, additional, Satin, Jonathan, additional, Schalij, Martin Jan, additional, Scherlag, Benjamin J., additional, Schimpf, Rainer, additional, Schmidt, Georg, additional, Schwartz, Peter J., additional, Semsarian, Christopher, additional, Shah, Ashok J., additional, Shaw, Robin, additional, Sheu, Shey Shing, additional, Shivkumar, Kalyanam, additional, Skanes, Allan C., additional, Somers, Virend K., additional, Stambler, Bruce S., additional, Stein, Adam B., additional, Stevenson, Lynne Warner, additional, Stevenson, William G., additional, Sun, Jian, additional, Sutton, Richard, additional, Sweeney, Michael O., additional, Swerdlow, Charles, additional, Tamargo, Juan, additional, Tandri, Harikrishna, additional, Tawil, Rabi, additional, Tedrow, Usha, additional, Terrenoire, Cecile, additional, Tobón, Catalina, additional, Towbin, Jeffrey A., additional, Trayanova, Natalia A., additional, Tristani-Firouzi, Martin, additional, Trohman, Richard G., additional, Tseng, Zian H., additional, Turakhia, Mintu P., additional, Vaidyanathan, Ravi, additional, Valdivia, Héctor H., additional, Valiunas, Virginijus, additional, van der Heyden, Marcel A.G., additional, van der Werf, Christian, additional, Van, George F., additional, Vaseghi, Marmar, additional, Veltmann, Christian, additional, Vetter, Victoria L., additional, Viskin, Sami, additional, Voigt, Niels, additional, Vos, Marc A., additional, Wagner, Galen S., additional, Wang, Paul J., additional, Weerasooriya, Rukshen, additional, Wilde, Arthur A.M., additional, Wilkoff, Bruce L., additional, Wissner, Erik, additional, Woo, Y. Joseph, additional, Yamazaki, Masatoshi, additional, Yang, Felix, additional, Yaniv, Yael, additional, Yap, Sing-Chien, additional, Yee, Raymond, additional, Zarzoso, Manuel, additional, Zeppenfeld, Katja, additional, and Zipes, Douglas P., additional

Published
2014
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27. Biological Pacing

Author

Rosen, Michael R., primary, Brink, Peter R., additional, Cohen, Ira S., additional, and Robinson, Richard B., additional

Published
2014
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29. Satisfaction with firm performance in family businesses

Author

Mahto, Raj V., Davis, Peter S., Pearce, John A., II, and Robinson, Richard B., Jr.

Subjects
Employee performance -- Analysis, Business performance management -- Analysis, Family corporations -- Analysis, Family-owned business enterprises -- Analysis, Business, general, Business
Abstract

Business goals in family businesses are often subsumed by family goals. As a result, reference performance for each family business is different. This makes the popular financial performance measure of [...]

Published
2010
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34. Enhanced recovery of mechanical function in the canine heart by seeding an extracellular matrix patch with mesenchymal stem cells committed to a cardiac lineage

Author

Potapova, Irina A., Doronin, Sergey V., Kelly, Damon J., Rosen, Amy B., Schuldt, Adam J.T., Lu, Zhongju, Kochupura, Paul V., Robinson, Richard B., Rosen, Michael R., Brink, Peter R., Gaudette, Glenn R., and Cohen, Ira S.

Subjects
Extracellular matrix -- Physiological aspects, Extracellular matrix -- Research, Heart diseases -- Care and treatment, Heart diseases -- Research, Stem cells -- Usage, Stem cells -- Health aspects, Stem cells -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The need to regenerate tissue is paramount, especially for the heart that lacks the ability to regenerate after injury. The urinary bladder extracellular matrix (ECM), when used to repair a right ventricular defect, successfully regenerated some mechanical function. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the regenerative effect of ECM could be improved by seeding the patch with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) enhanced to differentiate down a cardiac linage, hMSCs were used to form three-dimensional spheroids. The expression of cardiac proteins was determined in cells exposed to the spheroid formation and compared with nonmanipulated hMSCs. To determine whether functional calcium channels were present, the cells were patch clamped. To evaluate the ability of these cells to regenerate mechanical function, the spheroids were seeded on ECM and then implanted into the canine heart to repair a full-thickness right ventricular defect. As a result, many of the cells spreading from the spheroids expressed cardiac-specific proteins, including sarcomeric [alpha]-actinin, cardiotin, and atrial natriuretic peptide, as well as the cell cycle markers cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. A calcium current similar in amplitude to that of ventricular myocytes was present in 16% of the cells. The cardiogenic cell-seeded scaffolds increased the regional mechanical function in the canine heart compared with the unmanipulated hMSC-seeded scaffolds. In addition, the cells prelabeled with fluorescent markers demonstrated myocyte-specific actinin staining with sarcomere spacing similar to that of normal myocytes. In conclusion, the spheroid-derived cells express cardiac-specific proteins and demonstrate a calcium current similar to adult ventricular myocytes. When these cells are implanted into the canine heart, some of these cells appear striated and mechanical function is improved compared with the unmanipulated hMSCs. Further investigation will be required to determine whether the increased mechanical function is due to a differentiation of the cardiogenic cells to myocytes or to other effects. human mesenchymal stem cells; myocyte structure; cardiac contractile function; myogenesis; cardiac regeneration; myocardium; heart failure

Published
2008

37. Electrophysiology and pacemaker function of the developing sinoatrial node

Author

Baruscotti, Mirko and Robinson, Richard B.

Subjects
Pacemaker, Artificial (Heart) -- Design and construction, Electrophysiology -- Research, Sinoatrial node -- Growth, Company growth, Biological sciences
Abstract

The sinoatrial node performs its task as a cardiac impulse generator throughout the life of the organism, but this important function is not a constant. Rather, there are significant developmental changes in the expression and function of ion channels and other cellular elements, which lead to a postnatal slowing of heart rate and may be crucial to the reliable functioning of the node during maturation. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding these changes, with the main focus placed on maturation of the ion channel expression profile. Studies on [Na.sup.+] and pacemaker currents have shown that their contribution to automaticity is greater in the newborn than in the adult, but this age-dependent decrease is at least partially opposed by an increased contribution of L-type [Ca.sup.2+] current. Whereas information regarding age-dependent changes in other transmembrane currents within the sinoatrial node are lacking, there are data on other relevant parameters. These include an increase in the nodal content of fibroblasts and in the area of nonexpression of connexin43, considered a molecular marker of nodal tissue. Although much remains to be done before a comprehensive view of the developmental biology of the node is available, important evidence in support of a molecular interpretation of developmental slowing of the intrinsic sinoatrial rate is beginning to emerge. cardiac pacemaker; development; sodium current; calcium current

Published
2007

38. Regulation of gating and rundown of HCN hyperpolarization-activated channels by exogenous and endogenous PI[P.sub.2]

Author

Pian, Phillip, Bucchi, Annalisa, Robinson, Richard B., and Siegelbaum, Steven A.

Subjects
Hydrolysis -- Analysis, Ion channels -- Research, Phosphatidylinositol -- Research, Biological sciences, Health
Abstract

The voltage dependence of activation of the HCN hyperpolarization-activated cation channels is shifted in inside-out patches by -40 to -60 mV relative to activation in intact cells, a phenomenon referred to as rundown. Less than 20 mV of this hyperpolarizing shift can be due to the influence of the canonical modulator of HCN channels, cAME Here we study the role of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)[P.sub.2]) in HCN channel rundown, as hydrolysis of PI(4,5) [P.sub.2] by lipid phosphatases is thought to underlie rundown of several other channels. We find that bath application of exogenous PI(4,5)[P.sub.2] reverses the effect of rundown, producing a large depolarizing shift in HCN2 activation. A synthetic short chain analogue of PI(4,5)[P.sub.2], dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, shifts the HCN2 activation curve to more positive potentials in a dose-dependent manner. Other dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositides with one or more phosphates on the lipid headgroup also shift activation, although phosphatidylinositol (PI) is ineffective. Several lines of evidence suggest that HCN2 is also regulated by endogenous PI (4,5)[P.sub.2]: (a) blockade of phosphatases slows the hyperpolarizing shift upon patch excision; (b) application of an antibody that binds and depletes membrane PIP2 causes a further hyperpolarizing shift in activation; (c) the shift in activation upon patch excision can be partially reversed by MgATP; and (d) the effect of MgATP is blocked by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI kinases. Finally, recordings from rabbit sinoatrial cells demonstrate that di[C.sub.8] PI (4,5)[P.sub.2] delays the rundown of native HCN currents. Thus, both native and recombinant HCN channels are regulated by PI(4,5)[P.sub.2].

Published
2006

39. Modeling knowledge-based entrepreneurship and innovation in Japanese organizations

Author

Teasley, Russell W. and Robinson, Richard B.

Subjects
Entrepreneurship -- Analysis, Business, general
Abstract

ABSTRACT This manuscript describes a research framework to model an inquiry of Japanese knowledge-based entrepreneurship. It posits that a better understanding of innovation and technology transfer can be gained from [...]

Published
2005

47. Block of the background [K.sup.+] channel TASK-1 contributes to arrhythmogenic effects of platelet-activating factor

Author

Barbuti, Andrea, Ishii, Satoshi, Shimizu, Takao, Robinson, Richard B., and Feinmark, Steven J.

Subjects
Physiology -- Research, Potassium channels -- Research, Platelet activating factor -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), an inflammatory phospholipid, induces ventricular arrhythmia via an unknown ionic mechanism. We can now link PAF-mediated cardiac electrophysiological effects to inhibition of a two-pore domain [K.sup.+] channel [TWIK-related acid-sensitive [K.sup.+] background channel (TASK-1)]. Superfusion of carbamyl-PAF (C-PAF), a stable analog of PAF, over murine ventricular myocytes causes abnormal automaticity, plateau phase arrest of the action potential, and early afterdepolarizations in paced and quiescent cells from wild-type but not PAF receptor knockout mice. C-PAF-dependent currents are insensitive to [Cs.sup.+] and are outwardly rectifying with biophysical properties consistent with a [K.sup.+] selective channel. The current is blocked by TASK-1 inhibitors, including protons, [Ba.sup.2+], [Zn.sup.2+], and methanandamide, a stable analog of the endogenous lipid ligand of cannabanoid receptors. In addition, when TASK-1 is expressed in CHO cells that express an endogenous PAF receptor, superfusion of C-PAF decreases the expressed current. Like C-PAF, methanandamide evoked spontaneous activity in quiescent myocytes. C-PAF- and methanandamide-sensitive currents are blocked by a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, implying overlapping signaling pathways. In conclusion, C-PAF blocks TASK-1 or a closely related channel, the effect is PKC dependent, and the inhibition alters the electrical activity of myocytes in ways that would be arrhythmogenic in the intact heart. two-pore domain potassium channels; Kcnk3 ventricular myocytes; inflammatory lipids; mouse

Published
2002

48. [[beta].sub.1]-Receptors increase cAMP and induce abnormal [Ca.sub.i] cycling in the German shepherd sudden death model

Author

Steinberg, Susan F., Alcott, Sasha, Pak, Elena, Hu, Donglei, Protas, Lev, Moise, N. Sydney, Robinson, Richard B., and Rosen, Michael R.

Subjects
German shepherd dogs -- Physiological aspects, Arrhythmia -- Physiological aspects, Epinephrine -- Receptors, Sudden death -- Causes of, Biological sciences
Abstract

We studied the role of [beta]-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling to cAMP and calcium in the genesis of catecholamine-dependent arrhythmias in German shepherd dogs that develop lethal arrhythmias at ~5 mo of age. There were three major findings in this study: 1) isoproterenol induces similar increases in cAMP in afflicted and control dogs exclusively through [[beta].sub.1]-receptors (not [[beta].sub.2]), 2) cells from afflicted dogs display prolonged relaxation kinetics at long cycle lengths and large frequent spontaneous calcium oscillations (and aftercontractions) with little increase in calcium transient amplitude in response to [[beta].sub.1]-receptor agonists, and 3) [[beta].sub.2]-receptor agonists induce a similar marked increases in calcium transient and twitch amplitude, with only rare spontaneous calcium oscillations in afflicted and control cells. These results indicate that catecholamines provide inotropic support to canine cardiomyocytes through distinct [[beta].sub.1]- and [[beta].sub.2]-receptor pathways with differing requirements for cAMP. The propensity to develop arrhythmias is not induced by [[beta].sub.2]-receptors (or a rise in calcium alone), but rather occurs in the context of [[beta].sub.1]-receptor activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway. cardiac arrhythmia; [beta]-adrenergic receptors; afterdepolarization; aftercontractions; calcium

Published
2002

49. Business tactics for confronting economic recession and planning for recovery

Author

Pearce, John A., II and Robinson, Richard B., Jr.

Subjects
Economic growth -- Management, Economic indicators -- Analysis, Company business management, Business, general
Abstract

ABSTRACT A primary economic indicator declared that the US was in recession as of February 2001. Managers' responses during this downturn should be influenced by the cyclical nature of their [...]

Published
2002

50. The consequences for business of government action in an economic downturn

Author

Pearce, John A., II and Robinson, Richard B., Jr.

Subjects
Business cycles -- Analysis, Depressions -- Analysis, Recessions -- United States, Recessions -- Analysis, Business, general
Abstract

ABSTRACT A nationwide recession is impossible to predict, even for the US government. However, whether or not a recession is formally confirmed, the Federal Government acts on several fronts to [...]

Published
2002

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