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3. Machine learning-based health environmental-clinical risk scores in European children

Author

Guimbaud, Jean-Baptiste, Siskos, Alexandros P., Sakhi, Amrit Kaur, Heude, Barbara, Sabidó, Eduard, Borràs, Eva, Keun, Hector, Wright, John, Julvez, Jordi, Urquiza, Jose, Gützkow, Kristine Bjerve, Chatzi, Leda, Casas, Maribel, Bustamante, Mariona, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vrijheid, Martine, López-Vicente, Mónica, de Castro Pascual, Montserrat, Stratakis, Nikos, Robinson, Oliver, Grazuleviciene, Regina, Slama, Remy, Alemany, Silvia, Basagaña, Xavier, Plantevit, Marc, Cazabet, Rémy, and Maitre, Léa

Published
2024
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6. Food biodiversity and gastrointestinal cancer risk in nine European countries: Analysis within a prospective cohort study

Author

Huybrechts, Inge, Chimera, Bernadette, Hanley-Cook, Giles T., Biessy, Carine, Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie, Touvier, Mathilde, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Srour, Bernard, Baudry, Julia, Berlivet, Justine, Casagrande, Corinne, Nicolas, Geneviève, Lopez, Jessica Blanco, Millett, Christopher J., Cakmak, Emine Koc, Robinson, Oliver J.K., Murray, Kris A., Schulze, Matthias B., Masala, Giovanna, Guevara, Marcela, Bodén, Stina, Cross, Amanda J., Tsilidis, Kostas, Heath, Alicia K., Panico, Salvatore, Amiano, Pilar, Huerta, José Ma, Key, Tim, Ericson, Ulrika, Stocks, Tanja, Lundblad, Marie Wasmuth, Skeie, Guri, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Katzke, Verena, Playdon, Mary C., Ferrari, Pietro, Vineis, Paolo, Lachat, Carl, and Gunter, Marc J.

Published
2024
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7. Childhood exposure to non-persistent endocrine disruptors, glucocorticosteroids, and attentional function: A cross-sectional study based on the parametric g-formula

Author

Fabbri, Lorenzo, Robinson, Oliver, Basagaña, Xavier, Chatzi, Leda, Gražulevičienė, Regina, Guxens, Mònica, Kadawathagedara, Manik, Sakhi, Amrit Kaur, Maitre, Léa, McEachan, Rosemary, Philippat, Claire, Pozo, Óscar J., Thomsen, Cathrine, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, and Vrijheid, Martine

Published
2025
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9. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of human studies

Author

Stratakis, Nikos, Rock, Sarah, La Merrill, Michele A, Saez, Marc, Robinson, Oliver, Fecht, Daniela, Vrijheid, Martine, Valvi, Damaskini, Conti, David V, McConnell, Rob, and Chatzi, Vaia Lida

Subjects
Obesity, Nutrition, Pediatric, Child, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Pediatric Obesity, Persistent Organic Pollutants, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, childhood, STOP project, obesity, persistent organic pollutants, childhood, STOP project, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and childhood obesity. We focused on organochlorines (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [DDE], hexachlorobenzene [HCB], and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that are the POPs more widely studied in environmental birth cohorts so far. We search two databases (PubMed and Embase) through July/09/2021 and identified 33 studies reporting associations with prenatal organochlorine exposure, 21 studies reporting associations with prenatal PFAS, and five studies reporting associations with prenatal PBDEs. We conducted a qualitative review. Additionally, we performed random-effects meta-analyses of POP exposures, with data estimates from at least three prospective studies, and BMI-z. Prenatal DDE and HCB levels were associated with higher BMI z-score in childhood (beta: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21; I2 : 28.1% per study-specific log increase of DDE and beta: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.53; I2 : 31.9% per study-specific log increase of HCB). No significant associations between PCB-153, PFOA, PFOS, or pentaPBDEs with childhood BMI were found in meta-analyses. In individual studies, there was inconclusive evidence that POP levels were positively associated with other obesity indicators (e.g., waist circumference).

Published
2022

10. Genome-wide association studies identify 137 genetic loci for DNA methylation biomarkers of aging

Author

McCartney, Daniel L, Min, Josine L, Richmond, Rebecca C, Lu, Ake T, Sobczyk, Maria K, Davies, Gail, Broer, Linda, Guo, Xiuqing, Jeong, Ayoung, Jung, Jeesun, Kasela, Silva, Katrinli, Seyma, Kuo, Pei-Lun, Matias-Garcia, Pamela R, Mishra, Pashupati P, Nygaard, Marianne, Palviainen, Teemu, Patki, Amit, Raffield, Laura M, Ratliff, Scott M, Richardson, Tom G, Robinson, Oliver, Soerensen, Mette, Sun, Dianjianyi, Tsai, Pei-Chien, van der Zee, Matthijs D, Walker, Rosie M, Wang, Xiaochuan, Wang, Yunzhang, Xia, Rui, Xu, Zongli, Yao, Jie, Zhao, Wei, Correa, Adolfo, Boerwinkle, Eric, Dugué, Pierre-Antoine, Durda, Peter, Elliott, Hannah R, Gieger, Christian, de Geus, Eco JC, Harris, Sarah E, Hemani, Gibran, Imboden, Medea, Kähönen, Mika, Kardia, Sharon LR, Kresovich, Jacob K, Li, Shengxu, Lunetta, Kathryn L, Mangino, Massimo, Mason, Dan, McIntosh, Andrew M, Mengel-From, Jonas, Moore, Ann Zenobia, Murabito, Joanne M, Ollikainen, Miina, Pankow, James S, Pedersen, Nancy L, Peters, Annette, Polidoro, Silvia, Porteous, David J, Raitakari, Olli, Rich, Stephen S, Sandler, Dale P, Sillanpää, Elina, Smith, Alicia K, Southey, Melissa C, Strauch, Konstantin, Tiwari, Hemant, Tanaka, Toshiko, Tillin, Therese, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Van Den Berg, David J, van Dongen, Jenny, Wilson, James G, Wright, John, Yet, Idil, Arnett, Donna, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bell, Jordana T, Binder, Alexandra M, Boomsma, Dorret I, Chen, Wei, Christensen, Kaare, Conneely, Karen N, Elliott, Paul, Ferrucci, Luigi, Fornage, Myriam, Hägg, Sara, Hayward, Caroline, Irvin, Marguerite, Kaprio, Jaakko, Lawlor, Deborah A, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lohoff, Falk W, Milani, Lili, Milne, Roger L, Probst-Hensch, Nicole, Reiner, Alex P, Ritz, Beate, and Rotter, Jerome I

Subjects
Prevention, Nutrition, Aging, Human Genome, Genetics, Generic health relevance, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, Adiposity, Biomarkers, C-Reactive Protein, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Educational Status, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genetic Loci, Genetic Markers, Genome, Human, Genome-Wide Association Study, Granulocytes, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Lipid Metabolism, Multifactorial Inheritance, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, DNA methylation, GWAS, Epigenetic clock, Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

BackgroundBiological aging estimators derived from DNA methylation data are heritable and correlate with morbidity and mortality. Consequently, identification of genetic and environmental contributors to the variation in these measures in populations has become a major goal in the field.ResultsLeveraging DNA methylation and SNP data from more than 40,000 individuals, we identify 137 genome-wide significant loci, of which 113 are novel, from genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of four epigenetic clocks and epigenetic surrogate markers for granulocyte proportions and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels, respectively. We find evidence for shared genetic loci associated with the Horvath clock and expression of transcripts encoding genes linked to lipid metabolism and immune function. Notably, these loci are independent of those reported to regulate DNA methylation levels at constituent clock CpGs. A polygenic score for GrimAge acceleration showed strong associations with adiposity-related traits, educational attainment, parental longevity, and C-reactive protein levels.ConclusionThis study illuminates the genetic architecture underlying epigenetic aging and its shared genetic contributions with lifestyle factors and longevity.

Published
2021

13. Recommendations for Bayesian hierarchical model specifications for case-control studies in mental health

Author

Valton, Vincent, Wise, Toby, and Robinson, Oliver J.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Hierarchical model fitting has become commonplace for case-control studies of cognition and behaviour in mental health. However, these techniques require us to formalise assumptions about the data-generating process at the group level, which may not be known. Specifically, researchers typically must choose whether to assume all subjects are drawn from a common population, or to model them as deriving from separate populations. These assumptions have profound implications for computational psychiatry, as they affect the resulting inference (latent parameter recovery) and may conflate or mask true group-level differences. To test these assumptions we ran systematic simulations on synthetic multi-group behavioural data from a commonly used multi-armed bandit task (reinforcement learning task). We then examined recovery of group differences in latent parameter space under the two commonly used generative modelling assumptions: (1) modelling groups under a common shared group-level prior (assuming all participants are generated from a common distribution, and are likely to share common characteristics); (2) modelling separate groups based on symptomatology or diagnostic labels, resulting in separate group-level priors. We evaluated the robustness of these approaches to variations in data quality and prior specifications on a variety of metrics. We found that fitting groups separately (assumptions 2), provided the most accurate and robust inference across all conditions. Our results suggest that when dealing with data from multiple clinical groups, researchers should analyse patient and control groups separately as it provides the most accurate and robust recovery of the parameters of interest., Comment: Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) at NeurIPS 2020 - Extended Abstract

Published
2020

14. Cord blood epigenome-wide meta-analysis in six European-based child cohorts identifies signatures linked to rapid weight growth

Author

Alfano, Rossella, Zugna, Daniela, Barros, Henrique, Bustamante, Mariona, Chatzi, Leda, Ghantous, Akram, Herceg, Zdenko, Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, de Kok, Theo M., Nawrot, Tim S, Relton, Caroline L, Robinson, Oliver, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Scalbert, Augustin, Vrijheid, Martine, Vineis, Paolo, Richiardi, Lorenzo, and Plusquin, Michelle

Published
2023
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25. Evaluating the REP-S Brief Resilience Intervention for Students in Higher Education: A Multi-Study Mixed-Methods Programme of Research

Author

Robinson, Oliver C., Sebah, Ilham, McNay, Ian, Field, Jennifer, Wragg, Jane, Stevenson, Mandy, and Newton, Paul

Abstract

There is currently an unmet need in higher education for a structured, pre-emptive programme of support to help students enhance their resilience to stress. This article presents a mixed-methods evaluation of a transferable biopsychosocial resilience intervention for students -- the "Resilience Enhancement Programme for Students" (REP-S). In Study 1, a randomised control trial showed that participating in the intervention was associated with significantly decreased perceived stress, decreased trait neuroticism and enhanced self-esteem over a period of one month. In Study 2, written and focus-group qualitative data from students provided evidence that the intervention led to perceived positive changes, including sleeping better, dealing more effectively with assessments and managing interpersonal challenges. Future steps in the evaluation of the REP-S are discussed.

Published
2021
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26. Urban environment and health behaviours in children from six European countries

Author

Fernández-Barrés, Sílvia, Robinson, Oliver, Fossati, Serena, Márquez, Sandra, Basagaña, Xavier, de Bont, Jeroen, de Castro, Montserrat, Donaire-Gonzalez, David, Maitre, Léa, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Romaguera, Dora, Urquiza, José, Chatzi, Leda, Iakovides, Minas, Vafeiadi, Marina, Grazuleviciene, Regina, Dedele, Audrius, Andrusaityte, Sandra, Marit Aasvang, Gunn, Evandt, Jorunn, Hjertager Krog, Norun, Lepeule, Johanna, Heude, Barbara, Wright, John, McEachan, Rosemary R.C., Sassi, Franco, Vineis, Paolo, and Vrijheid, Martine

Published
2022
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28. Association of neighbourhood disadvantage and individual socioeconomic position with all-cause mortality: a longitudinal multicohort analysis

Author

Alberts, Jan, Alenius, Hari, Avendano, Mauricio, Baglietto, Laura, Baltar, Valeria, Bartley, Mel, Barros, Henrique, Bellone, Michele, Berger, Eloise, Blane, David, Bochud, Murielle, Candiani, Giulia, Carmeli, Cristian, Carra, Luca, Castagne, Raphaele, Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Cima, Sergio, Costa, Giuseppe, Courtin, Emilie, Delpierre, Cyrille, Donkin, Angela, D'Errico, Angelo, Dugue, Pierre-Antoine, Elliot, Paul, Fagherazzi, Guy, Fiorito, Giovanni, Fraga, Silvia, Gandini, Martina, Gares, Valérie, Gerbouin-Rerolle, Pascale, Giles, Graham, Goldberg, Marcel, Greco, Dario, Hodge, Allison, Kelly-Irving, Michelle, Karimi, Maryam, Karisola, Piia, Kivimaki, Mika, Laine, Jessica, Lang, Thierry, Laurent, Audrey, Layte, Richard, Lepage, Benoite, Lorsch, Dori, Machell, Giles, Mackenbach, Johan, de Mestral, Carlos, McCrory, Cathal, Miller, Cynthia, Milne, Roger, Muennig, Peter, Nusselder, Wilma, Petrovic, Dusan, Pilapil, Lourdes, Polidoro, Silvia, Preisig, Martin, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Ricceri, Fulvio, Recalcati, Paolo, Reinhard, Erica, Robinson, Oliver, Valverde, Jose Rubio, Saba, Severine, Santegoets, Frank, Simmons, Terrence, Severi, Gianluca, Stringhini, Silvia, Tabak, Adam, Terhi, Vesa, Tieulent, Joannie, Vaccarella, Salvatore, Vigna-Taglianti, Frederica, Vineis, Paolo, Vollenweider, Peter, Zins, Marie, Severo, Milton, Joost, Stéphane, Guessous, Idris, and Sacerdote, Carlotta

Published
2022
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29. Amygdala activity after subchronic escitalopram administration in healthy volunteers: A pharmaco-functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Author

Lukow, Paulina B, Lowther, Millie, Pike, Alexandra C, Yamamori, Yumeya, Chavanne, Alice V, Gormley, Siobhan, Aylward, Jessica, McCloud, Tayla, Goble, Talya, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Julia, Tuominen, Ella W, Buehler, Sarah K, Kirk, Peter, and Robinson, Oliver J

Subjects
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, SEROTONIN uptake inhibitors, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, CINGULATE cortex, PREFRONTAL cortex, SEROTONIN, AMYGDALOID body, FUSIFORM gyrus
Abstract

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used for the treatment of several conditions including anxiety disorders, but the basic neurobiology of serotonin function remains unclear. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex are strongly innervated by serotonergic projections and have been suggested to play an important role in anxiety expression. However, serotonergic function in behaviour and SSRI-mediated neurobiological changes remain incompletely understood. Aims: To investigate the neural correlates of subchronic antidepressant administration. Methods: We investigated whether the 2- to 3-week administration of a highly selective SSRI (escitalopram) would alter brain activation on a task robustly shown to recruit the bilateral amygdala and frontal cortices in a large healthy volunteer sample. Participants performed the task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition before (n = 96) and after subchronic escitalopram (n = 46, days of administration mean (SD) = 15.7 (2.70)) or placebo (n = 40 days of administration mean (SD) = 16.2 (2.90)) self-administration. Results: Compared to placebo, we found an elevation in right amygdala activation to the task after escitalopram administration without significant changes in mood. This effect was not seen in the left amygdala, the dorsomedial region of interest, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex or the right fusiform area. There were no significant changes in connectivity between the dorsomedial cortex and amygdala or the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex after escitalopram administration. Conclusions: To date, this most highly powered study of subchronic SSRI administration indicates that, contrary to effects often seen in patients with anxiety disorders, subchronic SSRI treatment may increase amygdala activation in healthy controls. This finding highlights important gaps in our understanding of the functional role of serotonin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Does Overloading Cognitive Resources Mimic the Impact of Anxiety on Temporal Cognition?

Author

Sarigiannidis, Ioannis, Kirk, Peter A., Roiser, Jonathan P., and Robinson, Oliver J.

Abstract

Anxiety alters how we perceive the world and can alter aspects of cognitive performance. Prominent theories of anxiety suggest that the effect of anxiety on cognition is due to anxious thoughts "overloading" limited cognitive resources, competing with other processes. If this is so, then a cognitive load manipulation should impact performance of a task in the same way as induced anxiety. Thus, we examined the impact of a load manipulation on a time perception task that we have previously shown to be reliably impacted by anxiety. In contrast with our prediction, across 3 studies we found that time perception was insensitive to our load manipulation. Our results do not therefore support the idea that anxiety impacts temporal cognition by overloading limited cognitive resources, at least as induced by a commonly used load manipulation. Thus, anxiety might affect temporal cognition in a unique way, via an evolutionary-preserved defense survival system, as suggested by animal-inspired theories of anxiety, rather than competing for limited attentional resources.

Published
2020
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33. A blood DNA methylation biomarker for predicting short-term risk of cardiovascular events

Author

Cappozzo, Andrea, McCrory, Cathal, Robinson, Oliver, Freni Sterrantino, Anna, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Krogh, Vittorio, Panico, Salvatore, Tumino, Rosario, Iacoviello, Licia, Ricceri, Fulvio, Sieri, Sabina, Chiodini, Paolo, McKay, Gareth J., McKnight, Amy Jayne, Kee, Frank, Young, Ian S., McGuinness, Bernadette, Crimmins, Eileen M., Arpawong, Thalida Em, Kenny, Rose Anne, O’Halloran, Aisling, Polidoro, Silvia, Solinas, Giuliana, Vineis, Paolo, Ieva, Francesca, and Fiorito, Giovanni

Published
2022
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34. DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation and its role in cardio-respiratory diseases

Author

Wielscher, Matthias, Mandaviya, Pooja R., Kuehnel, Brigitte, Joehanes, Roby, Mustafa, Rima, Robinson, Oliver, Zhang, Yan, Bodinier, Barbara, Walton, Esther, Mishra, Pashupati P., Schlosser, Pascal, Wilson, Rory, Tsai, Pei-Chien, Palaniswamy, Saranya, Marioni, Riccardo E., Fiorito, Giovanni, Cugliari, Giovanni, Karhunen, Ville, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Psaty, Bruce M., Loh, Marie, Bis, Joshua C., Lehne, Benjamin, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Deary, Ian J., Chadeau-Hyam, Marc, Brody, Jennifer A., Cardona, Alexia, Selvin, Elizabeth, Smith, Alicia K., Miller, Andrew H., Torres, Mylin A., Marouli, Eirini, Gào, Xin, van Meurs, Joyce B. J., Graf-Schindler, Johanna, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Koenig, Wolfgang, Peters, Annette, Weninger, Wolfgang, Farlik, Matthias, Zhang, Tao, Chen, Wei, Xia, Yujing, Teumer, Alexander, Nauck, Matthias, Grabe, Hans J., Doerr, Macus, Lehtimäki, Terho, Guan, Weihua, Milani, Lili, Tanaka, Toshiko, Fisher, Krista, Waite, Lindsay L., Kasela, Silva, Vineis, Paolo, Verweij, Niek, van der Harst, Pim, Iacoviello, Licia, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Panico, Salvatore, Krogh, Vittorio, Tumino, Rosario, Tzala, Evangelia, Matullo, Giuseppe, Hurme, Mikko A., Raitakari, Olli T., Colicino, Elena, Baccarelli, Andrea A., Kähönen, Mika, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Li, Shengxu, Conneely, Karen N., Kooner, Jaspal S., Köttgen, Anna, Heijmans, Bastiaan T., Deloukas, Panos, Relton, Caroline, Ong, Ken K., Bell, Jordana T., Boerwinkle, Eric, Elliott, Paul, Brenner, Hermann, Beekman, Marian, Levy, Daniel, Waldenberger, Melanie, Chambers, John C., Dehghan, Abbas, and Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta

Published
2022
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35. Multi-omics signatures of the human early life exposome

Author

Maitre, Léa, Bustamante, Mariona, Hernández-Ferrer, Carles, Thiel, Denise, Lau, Chung-Ho E., Siskos, Alexandros P., Vives-Usano, Marta, Ruiz-Arenas, Carlos, Pelegrí-Sisó, Dolors, Robinson, Oliver, Mason, Dan, Wright, John, Cadiou, Solène, Slama, Rémy, Heude, Barbara, Casas, Maribel, Sunyer, Jordi, Papadopoulou, Eleni Z., Gutzkow, Kristine B., Andrusaityte, Sandra, Grazuleviciene, Regina, Vafeiadi, Marina, Chatzi, Leda, Sakhi, Amrit K., Thomsen, Cathrine, Tamayo, Ibon, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Urquiza, Jose, Borràs, Eva, Sabidó, Eduard, Quintela, Inés, Carracedo, Ángel, Estivill, Xavier, Coen, Muireann, González, Juan R., Keun, Hector C., and Vrijheid, Martine

Published
2022
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36. Coming back together: a qualitative survey study of coping and support strategies used by people to cope with extended difficulties after the use of psychedelic drugs

Author

Robinson, Oliver C., primary, Evans, Jules, additional, Luke, David, additional, McAlpine, Rosalind, additional, Sahely, Aneta, additional, Fisher, Amy, additional, Sundeman, Stian, additional, Ketzitzidou Argyri, Eirini, additional, Murphy-Beiner, Ashleigh, additional, Michelle, Katrina, additional, and Prideaux, Ed, additional

Published
2024
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39. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to PFAS and cardiometabolic factors and inflammation status in children from six European cohorts

Author

Papadopoulou, Eleni, Stratakis, Nikos, Basagaña, Xavier, Brantsæter, Anne Lise, Casas, Maribel, Fossati, Serena, Gražulevičienė, Regina, Småstuen Haug, Line, Heude, Barbara, Maitre, Léa, McEachan, Rosemary R.C., Robinson, Oliver, Roumeliotaki, Theano, Sabidó, Eduard, Borràs, Eva, Urquiza, Jose, Vafeiadi, Marina, Zhao, Yinqi, Slama, Rémy, Wright, John, Conti, David V., Vrijheid, Martine, and Chatzi, Lida

Published
2021
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40. The early-life exposome and epigenetic age acceleration in children

Author

de Prado-Bert, Paula, Ruiz-Arenas, Carlos, Vives-Usano, Marta, Andrusaityte, Sandra, Cadiou, Solène, Carracedo, Ángel, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, Dadvand, Payam, González, Juan R., Grazuleviciene, Regina, Gutzkow, Kristine B., Haug, Line S., Hernandez-Ferrer, Carles, Keun, Hector C., Lepeule, Johanna, Maitre, Léa, McEachan, Rosie, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J., Pelegrí, Dolors, Robinson, Oliver, Slama, Rémy, Vafeiadi, Marina, Sunyer, Jordi, Vrijheid, Martine, and Bustamante, Mariona

Published
2021
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41. A universal method for accounting greenhouse gas emissions from the activities of higher education institutions using a hybrid life-cycle approach

Author

Robinson, Oliver and Williams, Ian

Subjects
363.738
Abstract

Organisations of all types are significant contributors to international greenhouse gas emissions and the business case for supporting low-carbon practices is gathering pace. Three noteworthy barriers to reporting greenhouse gas emissions in a Higher Education context, namely, time resources, financial resources, and data quality, were found to hinder the production of full greenhouse gas emission assessments encompassing all Scope 1, 2 and, 3 value chain sources. Higher Education Institutions are chosen for study due to their positioning as key components of education systems across the globe. Transcendent of international borders, socio-political regimes, and economic systems, the sector is a significant actor on climate issues. Overseeing education and research activities, institutions are often likened to towns in their size and operational scope. The carbon reduction targets of institutions in the United Kingdom are assessed for pragmatism and were deemed overambitious. Furthermore, they do not account for Scope 3 sources, often the largest proportion of the carbon footprint. A critical assessment of common organisational greenhouse gas assessment methodologies was undertaken and a gap in knowledge highlighted. Whilst theoretical environmental standards are designed to be universally applicable, their practical application to higher education is little explored and in practice, debatable. A theoretical methodology, sympathetic to university environmental practitioners’ requirements was proposed to bridge this gap. Clear and unambiguous guidance that avoided assumptions was developed. Among the numerous benefits, the use of external data sources was reduced and the potential for double counting was eradicated through the use of cut-off criteria, which excluded all paid-for Scope 3 services. The methodology performed favourably against three baseline test parameters: a baseline of 150 hours to complete the emissions assessment, corresponding to financial costs of £24,200 and to satisfy the requirements of the verification standard, ISO14064-part 3. A series of potential strategies, incorporating the use of the proposed methodology (verifiable using industry verification standards) were outlined: whilst the sector should make ambitious pledges to decarbonise along the trajectory set by the Paris agreement, it should not be at the expense of quality research and teaching.

Published
2017

42. Early life multiple exposures and child cognitive function: A multi-centric birth cohort study in six European countries

Author

Julvez, Jordi, López-Vicente, Mónica, Warembourg, Charline, Maitre, Lea, Philippat, Claire, Gützkow, Kristine B., Guxens, Monica, Evandt, Jorunn, Andrusaityte, Sandra, Burgaleta, Miguel, Casas, Maribel, Chatzi, Leda, de Castro, Montserrat, Donaire-González, David, Gražulevičienė, Regina, Hernandez-Ferrer, Carles, Heude, Barbara, Mceachan, Rosie, Mon-Williams, Mark, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Robinson, Oliver, Sakhi, Amrit K., Sebastian-Galles, Nuria, Slama, Remy, Sunyer, Jordi, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Thomsen, Cathrine, Urquiza, Jose, Vafeiadi, Marina, Wright, John, Basagaña, Xavier, and Vrijheid, Martine

Published
2021
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43. Early-life environmental exposure determinants of child behavior in Europe: A longitudinal, population-based study

Author

Maitre, Léa, Julvez, Jordi, López-Vicente, Monica, Warembourg, Charline, Tamayo-Uria, Ibon, Philippat, Claire, Gützkow, Kristine B., Guxens, Monica, Andrusaityte, Sandra, Basagaña, Xavier, Casas, Maribel, de Castro, Montserrat, Chatzi, Leda, Evandt, Jorunn, Gonzalez, Juan R., Gražulevičienė, Regina, Smastuen Haug, Line, Heude, Barbara, Hernandez-Ferrer, Carles, Kampouri, Mariza, Manson, Dan, Marquez, Sandra, McEachan, Rosie, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Robinson, Oliver, Slama, Remy, Thomsen, Cathrine, Urquiza, Jose, Vafeidi, Marina, Wright, John, and Vrijheid, Martine

Published
2021
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48. Inference of tobacco and alcohol consumption habits from DNA methylation analysis of blood

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Estatística, Análise Matemática e Optimización, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Ciencias Forenses “Luis Concheiro”(INCIFOR), Ambroa Conde, Adrián, Casares de Cal, María Ángeles, Gómez Tato, Antonio, Robinson, Oliver, Mosquera Miguel, Ana, de la Puente Vila, María del Carmen, Ruiz Ramírez, Jorge, Phillips, Christopher Paul, Lareu Huidobro, María Victoria, Freire Aradas, Ana María, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Ciencias Forenses, Anatomía Patolóxica, Xinecoloxía e Obstetricia, e Pediatría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Estatística, Análise Matemática e Optimización, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Instituto de Ciencias Forenses “Luis Concheiro”(INCIFOR), Ambroa Conde, Adrián, Casares de Cal, María Ángeles, Gómez Tato, Antonio, Robinson, Oliver, Mosquera Miguel, Ana, de la Puente Vila, María del Carmen, Ruiz Ramírez, Jorge, Phillips, Christopher Paul, Lareu Huidobro, María Victoria, and Freire Aradas, Ana María

Abstract

DNA methylation has become a biomarker of great interest in the forensic and clinical fields. In criminal investigations, the study of this epigenetic marker has allowed the development of DNA intelligence tools providing information that can be useful for investigators, such as age prediction. Following a similar trend, when the origin of a sample in a criminal scenario is unknown, the inference of an individual’s lifestyle such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption could provide relevant information to help in the identification of DNA donors at the crime scene. At the same time, in the clinical domain, prediction of these trends of consumption could allow the identification of people at risk or better identification of the causes of different pathologies. In the present study, DNA methylation data from the UK AIRWAVE study was used to build two binomial logistic models for the inference of smoking and drinking status. A total of 348 individuals (116 non-smokers, 116 former smokers and 116 smokers) plus a total of 237 individuals (79 non-drinkers, 79 moderate drinkers and 79 drinkers) were used for development of tobacco and alcohol consumption prediction models, respectively. The tobacco prediction model was composed of two CpGs (cg05575921 in AHRR and cg01940273) and the alcohol prediction model three CpGs (cg06690548 in SLC7A11, cg0886875 and cg21294714 in MIR4435–2HG), providing correct classifications of 86.49% and 74.26%, respectively. Validation of the models was performed using leave-one-out cross-validation. Additionally, two independent testing sets were also assessed for tobacco and alcohol consumption. Considering that the consumption of these substances could underlie accelerated epigenetic ageing patterns, the effect of these lifestyles on the prediction of age was evaluated. To do that, a quantile regression model based on previous studies was generated, and the potential effect of tobacco and alcohol consumption with the epigenetic age was assesse

Published
2024

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