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The aim of this paper is to examine the experiences and views of parents whose child lived with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and eating disorder (ED), specifically ‘diabulimia’ and the professional support offered to them. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed as a methodology to explore the experience of three parents (mothers) living in the United Kingdom, regarding their chronically ill children. Four themes emerged from the analysis: battling, blaming, surviving and loss. These were interpreted through the lens of systemic theory. Within the framework of the results and the discussion, further research and the provision of systemic family therapy for children, parents and families in both paediatric and adolescent‐to‐adult transition diabetes clinics is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a low-income country experiencing high rates of family violence and child maltreatment. Child protection services are under-developed, and few tertiary-trained social workers are employed by them. A research team was commissioned to develop a parenting programme for implementation in remote provinces. After development and co-design of the programme, a pre- and post-evaluation was conducted in 10 communities to test the programme's potential to facilitate change. Measures of harsh parenting, family well-being and parental attitudes were translated by experienced academics and administered to parents by a team of staff and students from a local university. Responses were subjected to factor analyses. A series of paired-sample t-tests was conducted to ascertain change in parents' reported family well-being and use of harsh disciplinary practices (sample n = 159). Encouraging numbers of caregivers attended the programme in all sites. The analysis of change between pre- and post-programme scores revealed statistically significant reductions in verbal abuse and corporal punishment, and in harsh parenting overall, with reductions in partner violence and family difficulties contributing to improvements in family well-being. The evaluation indicates that with further development, this programme could be implemented as a primary prevention measure to complement child protection services. To consolidate the programme's future implementation by building the pool of trained personnel, links with social work education should be further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how transaction information is a fundamental element enabling and fostering global flows of money. Financial systems, constructed around account‐based money, require infrastructure, which is separated into two parts: messaging and settlement, performed via trusted agents. This separation has allowed the geographical expansion of banking, and to this day constitutes a key architecture of increasingly global networks of money. Focusing on the correspondent banking system and the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, this article demonstrates the workings of this infrastructure in cross‐border payments and in enacting economic sanctions. This sociotechnical infrastructure is a crucial yet overlooked area of global banking, which makes global economic and financial activity possible in the first place. Importantly, by analysing the organizational architecture of the global payments system and including the actors and agencies within it, we elucidate the (changing) relationships between data/information, geographies and power, contributing to the formation of a literature that conceptualizes financial infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to test the reliability and validity of two brief measures of resilience adopted for the evaluation of a preventative social-emotional curriculum implemented for Aboriginal middle school students from socially disadvantaged remote communities in Australia's Northern Territory. The questionnaires chosen were intended to measure psychological resilience and socio-cultural resilience as complementary dimensions of the capacity to cope in circumstances of significant life stress and risk of self-harm. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess construct validity of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), a measure of psychological resilience, and the 12-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12), a measure of socio-cultural resilience, with a sample of 520 students. Associations between resilience and psychological distress and emotional and behavioural difficulty were analysed in relation to life stressors to assess criterion validity of the scales. Results: CFA provided support for the validity of the respective constructs. There was good fit for both scales. However, assessment of criterion validity of the scales suggested that the adapted measure of socio-cultural resilience (CYRM-12NT) showed higher reliability and a clearer indication of predictive validity than the measure of psychological resilience (CD-RISC-10). Conclusions: The CYRM-12NT appears to be a more useful measure of resilience among Aboriginal youth exposed to significant life stress and disadvantage. However, both measures may require further development to enhance their validity and utility among potentially at-risk adolescents in socially, culturally and linguistically diverse remote Aboriginal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scsABCD (suppressor of copper sensitivity) locus of Salmonella encodes four proteins that resemble the disulfide folding machinery of other bacteria. Previous work has shown that Salmonella encounters toxic levels of copper during infection and the Scs system provides protection against this copper‐mediated toxicity. The current work reports that expression of the soluble periplasmic protein StScsC is induced by copper and that intramacrophage survival in the presence of copper is diminished by the loss of StScsC. Using a combination of genetic and proteomic approaches, the abundance of various cysteine‐containing periplasmic proteins was found to be elevated by StScsC in the Salmonella periplasm, implicating StScsC in the disulfide folding of superoxide dismutases and proteins involved in amino acid sensing and import. Co‐purification and mass spectrometry approaches confirmed that the arginine‐sensing periplasmic protein ArtI associates with StScsC via a disulfide interaction, and purified ArtI was shown to alter the thiol redox state of purified StScsC. This work reports the first demonstration of a redox partner for the Scs system of Salmonella and provides insights into how this bacterial pathogen responds to copper stress during infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low energy helium diffraction has been used to determine the unit mesh parameters of overlayers of CH3Br physisorbed on C(0001), NaCl(001), and LiF(001) at ≊35 K. CH3Br forms a uniaxially commensurate overlayer on C(0001) with unit mesh parameters 4.26 Å×6.75 Å. On NaCl(001), CH3Br forms a high coverage and a low coverage phase. The high coverage phase is incommensurate and has unit mesh parameters 4.54 Å×6.73 Å, whereas the low coverage phase is commensurate with a ((2)1/2×3(2)1/2)R45° unit mesh. The structure of CH3Br/LiF(001) is essentially the same as that of the high coverage phase of CH3Br/NaCl(001) with unit mesh parameters 4.52 Å×6.71 Å. The unit mesh parameters (with the exception of low coverage CH3Br/NaCl ) are very similar to the lattice parameters of the a-b [or (001)] plane of bulk crystalline CH3Br at ≊153 K. By analogy with the bulk crystal, it is likely that there are two molecules per unit mesh and that the CH3Br dipoles are nearly perpendicular to the surface and antiferroelectrically ordered. Our results suggest that the unit mesh for the low coverage phase of CH3Br/NaCl contains four molecules and that the molecular axes are parallel to the substrate surface. The implications of these results for photodissociation studies of physisorbed CH3Br are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have carried out crossed molecular beam studies of the substitution reaction F+C2 H4 →H+C2 H3 F in the collision energy range 0.8–2.5 kcal/mol using a velocity selected F atom beam. The relative substitution cross section is found to decrease with increasing collision energy indicating that if there is a potential energy barrier to F atom addition to C2 H4 it is much less than 0.8 kcal/mol and that the transition state for addition occurs early along the reaction coordinate. These results agree well with ab initio calculations. Although the product translational energy distributions are similar to those obtained from earlier work at higher collision energies, the C2 H3 F angular distributions suggest that a wider range of reactant approach geometries lead to products at lower energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The I atom exchange reactions, CH3 +RI→CH3 I+R[R=CF3 , (CH3 )3 C], were investigated at a collision energy of approx. 13 kcal/mol using the crossed molecular beams technique. The supersonic beam of methyl radicals was formed by pyrolyzing a mixture of approx. 1% di-tert-butyl peroxide in helium in a quartz nozzle. A large fraction of the total energy available to the products from these reactions is channeled into relative translation [approx. 50% for R=(CH3 )3 C and approx. 70% for R=CF3 ] suggesting that the dominant interaction among the products is repulsive. The CH3 I product from both reactions was observed to be entirely backward scattered with respect to the incident radical beam indicating that a roughly collinear C–I–C transition state geometry is favored. The present results are compared to those of earlier crossed beam studies of the CH3 +IY→CH3 I+Y(Y=Cl, Br, I) reactions; the differences observed among these reactions are explained with reference to the CH3 I–Y and CH3 I–R interaction potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endoergic substitution reactions Br+R–Cl→Cl+R–Br (R=o-, m-, and p-CH3C6H4, C6H5, C6F5; ΔH°[bar_over_tilde:_approx._equal_to]15 kcal/mol) have been studied using the crossed molecular beams method in the collision energy (Ec ) range 20–35 kcal/mol. The CH3C6H4Br and C6F5Br products were found to be mostly forward scattered with respect to the incident Br beam indicating that the lifetimes of the Br–R–Cl collision complexes are short compared to their rotational periods. The product translational energy distributions and excitation functions for these reactions are well reproduced by statistical calculations that assume that only a few vibrational modes in the collision complexes participate in intramolecular energy redistribution prior to Cl elimination. Ring substituents are found to affect both the extent of energy redistribution in the complexes and the probability of Br addition. For example, no substitution product was observed with m-CH3C6H4Cl or C6H5Cl. The relative magnitudes of the cross sections are explained in terms of possible features of the potential energy surfaces along their reaction coordinates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have extended the crossed beams studies described in the preceding paper to the reactions of Br atoms with 1,1- and trans-dichloroethylene. The shapes of the product translational energy distributions and excitation functions for both reactions support our previous conclusion that Cl elimination from Br–R–Cl collision complexes can compete with Br elimination only in the limit that few vibrational modes of the complex are active in energy redistribution. The substitution cross section for the Br+CH2CCl2 reaction is considerably lower than that for the Br+trans-CHClCHCl reaction in the collision energy range 15–25 kcal/mol, suggesting that steric effects play a dominant role in determining the relative magnitudes of the cross sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese Post Office, one of the world’s largest financial institutions, was finally privatised in 2015, marking an appropriate time to examine financialisation in Japan. The literature on financialisation and changes in Japanese capitalism assumes convergence on Anglo-American capitalism with a diminishing of state power. The main argument of this paper is that financialisation is instead a more contingent process. This is put forth through an examination of how this process has been mediated by the Japanese state through the workings of the Japanese Post Office. The state has frequently shaped the direction of financialisation by intervening in the routing of household funds via the postal savings system in order to achieve its objectives in different circumstances, particularly evident in the protracted and contested nature of the post bank’s privatisation. Financialisation is thus not preordained; instead its path is hewn by crisis, catastrophe, demographics and the agency of domestic social actors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the last decade there has been at best limited implementation of preventive interventions for vulnerable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families in remote communities of northern Australia despite growing involvement in the child protection system. This paper describes challenges for services seeking to engage parents who are subject to child protection measures. Brief case studies from an early intervention program in a remote community illustrate that responsiveness and continuity of engagement of parents over time is a necessary basis for an integrated approach to meeting the needs of vulnerable children and families in very remote settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains limited knowledge of how offshore windfarm developments influence fish assemblages, particularly at a local scale around the turbine structures. Considering the existing levels of anthropogenic pressures on coastal fish populations it is becoming increasingly important for developers and environmental regulators to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing fish assemblages. Improving our ability to assess such fish populations in close proximity to structures will assist in increasing this knowledge. In the present study we provide the first trial use of Baited Remote Underwater Stereo-Video systems (stereo BRUVs) for the quantification of motile fauna in close proximity to offshore wind turbines. The study was conducted in the Irish Sea and finds the technique to be a viable means of assessing the motile fauna of such environments. The present study found a mixture of species including bottom dwellers, motile crustaceans and large predatory fish. The majority of taxa observed were found to be immature individuals with few adult individuals recorded. The most abundant species were the angular crab (Goneplax rhomboides) and the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). Of note in this study was the generally low abundance and diversity of taxa recorded across all samples, we hypothesise that this reflects the generally poor state of the local fauna of the Irish Sea. The faunal assemblages sampled in close proximity to turbines were observed to alter with increasing distance from the structure, species more characteristic of hard bottom environments were in abundance at the turbines (e.g. Homarus gammarus, Cancer pagarus, Scyliorhinus spp.) and those further away more characteristic of soft bottoms (e.g. Norwegian Lobster). This study highlights the need for the environmental impacts of offshore renewables on motile fauna to be assessed using targeted and appropriate tools. Stereo BRUVs provide one of those tools, but like the majority of methods for sampling marine biota, they have limitations. We conclude our paper by providing a discussion of the benefits and limitations of using this BRUV technique for assessing fauna within areas close to offshore windfarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clyde cairns are a distinctive form of early Neolithic burial monument found in western Scotland. However, there have been no detailed investigations of these sites for many decades. Knowledge of early Neolithic monumentality in this region remains limited and reliant on parallels with better known sequences in southern Britain and in Ireland. New research questions have recently arisen which explore the date of the construction of megalithic sites as well as the use and reuse of monuments over time. With these research questions in mind, this article presents the results of excavations at Blasthill chambered tomb in southern Kintyre, focusing on the use of this monument over a two thousand-year period. Excavations have suggested that this monument saw several key phases of construction and elaboration as well as more minor adjustments and depositions from the early Neolithic through into the Bronze Age. Both the architecture and material culture deposited within the monument suggest fluctuating relations with surrounding communities, most notably others in western Scotland and eastern Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clyde cairns are a distinctive form of early Neolithic burial monument found in western Scotland. However, there have been no detailed investigations of these sites for many decades. Knowledge of early Neolithic monumentality in this region remains limited and reliant on parallels with better-known sequences in southern Britain and in Ireland. New research questions have recently arisen which explore the date of the construction of megalithic sites as well as the use and reuse of monuments over time. With these research questions in mind, this article presents the results of excavations at Blasthill chambered tomb in southern Kintyre, focusing on the use of this monument over a two thousand-year period. Excavations have suggested that this monument saw several key phases of construction and elaboration as well as more minor adjustments and depositions from the early Neolithic through into the Bronze Age. Both the architecture and material culture deposited within the monument suggest fluctuating relations with surrounding communities, most notably others in western Scotland and eastern Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of a group parenting programme in the Northern Territory of Australia showed significant differences in benefits for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal boys and girls. The analysis considers whether boys and girls from different cultural backgrounds present with different problems; whether parental expectations for boys and girls differ and whether the intervention activates different responses in different settings. Conclusions suggest that there is a need to closely examine the 'cultural logic' of interventions, the appropriateness of their assumptions about child development and hypothesised mechanisms of change in different settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Critical review of design methods for slender RC panels under eccentric axial load. [•] Experimental campaign on cracked and uncracked centrally reinforced panels. [•] Improved capacity prediction using a computational model with lumped plasticity. [•] Testing and calculations combined with a Design Assisted by Testing (DAT) approach. [•] Novel and more efficient design capacity curve derived using the DAT procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study investigates the incorporation of lightweight sintered pulverised fuel ash (SPFA) as a partial/complete replacement for natural sand and aggregates within full-scale precast elements. It focuses on self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes after short periods of strength development, owing to the lack of published experimental data for these concrete types and their significance in offsite manufacture. Aggregate failure means the use of SPFA reduces concrete capacity, particularly in shear and pull-out, and such reductions may be more prominent at an earlier stage of curing. These were investigated alongside the incorporation of steel fibres that may provide some compensation. The variation in the compressive strength obtained was less significant (3-5%), following 24 h of curing, than at 28 d (15%). A similar trend was observed across the range of densities and in the tensile and flexural strength tests, with a slightly increased workability also observed in the lightweight mixes. Similar testing of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) samples, with a 50 kg/m fibre content, challenges the appropriateness of current code design equations. More efficient element design may thus be possible for precast components where such design cases are prevalent. A 63% average increase in pull-out shear capacity also suggests an improved lifting capacity could be justified within precast elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes challenges met implementing an early intervention programme for Aboriginal parents and their children in the NT (Northern Territory) of Australia in the context of efforts to remediate Aboriginal disadvantage. The intervention is an adaptation of an 8- to 10-week, manualised parenting programme designed for four- to six-year-old children with behavioural difficulties. It was implemented for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in urban Darwin and for Aboriginal children in three communities of the Tiwi Islands, near Darwin. Measured outcomes of the programme were positive overall with different outcomes by gender and Indigenous status. There were marked differences in retention of families from different socio-cultural backgrounds in the programme, with a significant loss of participants from referral through commencement to six-month follow-up. This drop-out was most marked for urban Aboriginal participants, despite highly flexible strategies of engagement and cultural adaptation of the approach pursued in each setting. The research provides lessons for the contextualisation of preventive interventions in diverse community settings and shows that systematic attention to cultural 'fit' of the intervention logic and cultural competence in engagement of disadvantaged families with multiple problems are fundamental to sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Little is written about the process of delivering mainstream, evidence-based therapeutic interventions for Aboriginal children and families in remote communities. Patterns of interaction between parents and children and expectations about parenting and professional roles and responsibilities vary across cultural contexts. This can be a challenging experience for professionals accustomed to work in urban settings. Language is only a part of cultural difference, and the outsider in a therapeutic group in an Aboriginal community is outside not only in language but also in access to community relationships and a place within those relationships.Method: This paper uses examples from Let’s Start, a therapeutic parent-child intervention to describe the impact of distance, culture and relationships in a remote Aboriginal community, on the therapeutic framework, group processes and relationships.Results: Cultural and contextual factors influence communication, relationships and group processes in a therapeutic group program for children and parents in a remote Aboriginal community. Group leaders from within and from outside the community, are likely to have complementary skills.Conclusions: Cultural and contextual factors influence communication, relationships and group processes in a therapeutic group program for children and parents in a remote Aboriginal community. Group leaders from within and from outside the community, are likely to have complementary skills. Program adaptation, evaluation and staff training and support need to take these factors into account to ensure cultural accessibility without loss of therapeutic fidelity and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop and evaluate a culturally adapted brief intervention for Indigenous people with chronic mental illness. Design: A mixed methods design in which an exploratory phase of qualitative research was followed by a nested randomised controlled trial. Setting: Psycho-education resources and a brief intervention, motivational care planning (MCP), were developed and tested in collaboration with aboriginal mental health workers in three remote communities in northern Australia. Participants: A total of 49 patients with mental illness and 37 carers were recruited to a randomised controlled trial that compared MCP (n = 24) with a clinical control condition (treatment as usual, n = 25). Intervention: The early treatment group received MCP at baseline and the late treatment group received delayed treatment at six months. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was mental health problem severity as measured by the health of the nation outcome scales. Secondary measures of well-being (Kessler 10), life skills, self-management and substance dependence were chosen. Outcome assessments were performed at baseline, six-month, 12-month and 18-month follow up. Results: Random effects regression analyses showed significant advantage for the treatment condition in terms of well-being with changes in health of the nation outcome scales (P < 0.001) and Kessler 10 (P = 0.001), which were sustained over time. There was also significant advantage for treatment for alcohol dependence (P = 0.05), with response also evident in cannabis dependence (P = 0.064) and with changes in substance dependence sustained over time. Conclusions: These results suggest that MCP is an effective treatment for Indigenous people with mental illness and provide insight into the experience of mental illness in remote communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is one of the activities of a multi-site research program, the Australian Mental Health Initiative (AIMhi), funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council. AIMhi in the Northern Territory collaborated with Aboriginal mental health workers and Northern Territory remote service providers in developing a range of resources and strategies to promote improved Indigenous mental health outcomes. A brief intervention that combines the principles of motivational interviewing, problem solving therapy and chronic disease self-management is described. The intervention has been integrated into a randomised controlled trial. Early findings suggest that the strategy and its components are well received by clients with chronic mental illness, and their carers, in remote communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study examines trends in chronic disease outcomes from initiation of a specialised chronic disease treatment programme through to incorporation of programme activities into routine service delivery. We reviewed clinical records of 98 participants with confirmed renal disease or hypertension in a remote indigenous community health centre in Northern Australia. For each participant the review period spanned an initial three years while participating in a specialised cardiovascular and renal disease treatment programme and a subsequent three years following withdrawal of the treatment programme. Responsibility for care was incorporated into the comprehensive primary care service which had been recently redeveloped to implement best practice care plans. The time series analysis included at least six measures prior to handover of the specialised programme and six following handover. Main outcome measures were trends in blood pressure (BP) control, and systolic and diastolic BP. We found an improvement in BP control in the first 6–12 months of the programme, followed by a steady declining trend. There was no significant difference in this trend between the pre- compared to the post-programme withdrawal period. This finding was consistent for control at levels below 130/80 and 140/90, and for trends in mean systolic and diastolic BP. Investigation of the sustainability of programme outcomes presents major challenges for research design. Sustained success in the management of chronic disease through primary care services requires better understanding of the causal mechanisms related to clinical intervention, the basis upon which they can be ‘institutionalised’ in a given context, and the extent to which they require regular revitalisation to maintain their effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the social and economic conditions in Australia. Recognition of Aboriginal rights and social reforms in the country; Reassertion of an anthropological understandings of culture in the policy domain; Lack of cultural competence.

This on-road field investigation employed, for the first time, a completely automated trigger-based data collection system capable of evaluating driver performance in an extended-duration real-world commercial motor vehicle environment. The study examined the use of self-assessment of fatigue (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and temporal separation (minimum time to collision, minimum headway, and mean headway) as indicators of driver fatigue. Without exception, the correlation analyses for both the self-rating of alertness and temporal separation yielded models low in associative ability; neither metric was found to be a valid indicator of driver fatigue. In addition, based upon the data collected for this research, preliminary evidence suggests that driver fatigue onset within a real-world driving environment does not appear to follow the standard progression of events associated with the onset of fatigue within a simulated driving environment. Application of this research includes the development of an on-board driver performance/fatigue monitoring system that could potentially assist drivers in identifying the onset of fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted wherein masked thresholds (using ascending method of limits) for a backup alarm were obtained in pink and red noise at 85 and 100 dBA for 12 participants immersed in a probability monitoring task and wearing a conventional passive hearing protection device (HPD, an earmuff or a foam earplug), an active noise reduction (ANR) headset, or no HPD at all (only in 85 dBA noise). Results revealed statistically significant between-HPD differences in red noise (from 2.3 to 3.1 dB) and in the 100-dBA noise level (from 2.6 to 4.3 dB). An additional finding, which corroborates other studies using different protocols, was that masked thresholds in 85-dBA noise were significantly lower (from 3.2 to 4.4 dB) for the occluded conditions (wearing an HPD) than for the open-ear (unoccluded) condition. This result refutes the belief among many normal-hearing workers that the use of HPDs in relatively low levels of noise compromises their ability to hear necessary workplace sounds. Actual or potential applications of this research include (a) the selection of appropriate HPDs for low-frequency-biased noise exposures wherein signal detection is important and (b) gaining insight into the appropriateness of ANR-based HPDs for certain industrial noise environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacterial consortium comprising four different species was isolated from an Indonesian agricultural soil using a mixture of aniline and 4-chloroaniline (4CA) as principal carbon sources. The four species were identified as Chryseobacterium indologenes SB1, Comamonas testosteroni SB2, Pseudomonas corrugata SB4 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SB5. Growth studies on aniline and 4CA as single and mixed substrates demonstrated that the bacteria preferred to grow on and utilize aniline rather than 4CA, although both compounds were eventually depleted from the culture supernatant. However, despite 100% disappearance of the parent substrates, the degradation of 4CA was always characterized by incomplete dechlorination and 4-chlorocatechol accumulation. This result suggests that further degradation of 4-chlorocatechol may be the rate-limiting step in the metabolism of 4CA by the bacterial consortium. HPLC-UV analysis showed that 4-chlorocatechol was further degraded via an ortho-cleavage pathway by the bacterial consortium. This hypothesis was supported by the results from enzyme assays of the crude cell extract of the consortium revealing catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity which converted catechol and 4-chlorocatechol to cis,cis-muconic acid and 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid respectively. However, the enzyme had a much higher conversion rate for catechol [156 U (g protein)[sup -1]] than for 4-chlorocatechol [17.2 U (g protein)[sup -1]], indicating preference for non-chlorinated substrates. Members of the bacterial consortium were also characterized individually. All isolates were able to assimilate aniline. P. corrugata SB4 was able to grow on 4CA solely, while S. maltophilia SB5 was able to grow on 4-chlorocatechol. These results suggest that the degradation of 4CA in the presence of aniline by the bacterial consortium was a result of interspecies interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A workshop on the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in weather and climate with emphasis on water vapor determination, was organized by the National Environmental Research Council's (NERC) Environmental Systems Science Centre (ESSC), at the University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, and took place there 29–31 August 2001. This paper gives a broad overview and general background of the use of GPS data for weather and climate. It outlines the objectives of the workshop and presents ongoing national, regional, and international activities both for ground-based and satellite-based systems. This includes work in the United States, China, and Japan, and different European efforts, including activities under European Community programs. Data assimilation of GPS data for weather prediction and climate is discussed as are ways in which to develop GPS-based systems to become an integrated part of the World Weather Watch. This includes ways of systematically using GPS data from the international geodetic network for climate monitoring purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the benefits of improving the storage capacity intelligence of computer devices. Provision of exponential increases in raw storage capacity; Delivery of greater fault tolerance and performance; Retention of the information in a cache memory.

In recent years, much attention has been focused on the biogenesis, engineering and utilisation of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Gram-negative bacteria in a range of environments and niches. While the precise mechanism of biogenesis is unknown, it is focused on the modification of the Gram-negative cell wall to facilitate blebbing at sites of weakness in and around the characteristically thin peptidoglycan layer within the periplasm. Here, we investigate the biogenesis of membrane vesicles (MVs) in the Gram-positive organism Streptomyces albus S4 (Seipke et al. J Bacteriol 193:4270–4271, 2011 and Fazal et al. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 113:511–520, 2020). The S. albus S4 strain is an antifungal (candicidin and antimycin) producing organism that was isolated from attine ants (Barke et al. BMC Biol 8:109, 2010). The biogenesis and characterisation of S. albus S4 MVs is demonstrated using the wild-type (WT) and mutant strains ΔantC (no antimycin production) ΔfscC (no candicidin production) and ΔantC ΔfscC (produces neither antimycin nor candicidin). Here, we have shown that the S. albus S4 strain produces MVs and that these are comprised of both specific protein profiles and secondary metabolites, with a clear demonstration of the ability to selectively package one antifungal (candicidin) but not the other (antimycin). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores systemic practice and ‘safe uncertainty’ in work with parents who do not accept responsibility following child abuse. The prevailing view has been that little positive work can be carried out with families where responsibility is denied. Our work is offered to add to the small yet growing number of publications which challenge the dominant discourse relating to child protection work. A case study is illustrated within which the issue of assessment versus therapy emerges. The Legal Department of the Local Authority Social Services requested an assessment from child and family psychiatry. Concern developed regarding the point at which assessment ended and therapy began. The authors offer a systemic model in exploring the importance of a safe multi-disciplinary framework within which uncertainty can be tolerated and therapy/change work can be affected. A framework within which parents can be supported in developing skills to meet the needs of children is presented. These issues are central to the professional and legal systems relating to child protection in the UK. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This simulator-based study examined conventional auditory warnings (tonal, nonverbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, nonverbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display, to present information about impending collision situations to commercial motor vehicle operators. Brake response times were measured for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios under 6 display configurations, 2 vehicle speeds, and 2 levels of headway. Accident occurrence was measured for impending side collision scenarios under 2 vehicle speeds, 2 levels of visual workload, 2 auditory displays, absence/presence of mirrors, and absence/presence of a dash-mounted iconic visual display. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities. Brake response times were significantly faster for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios using the longer headway condition. The presence of mirrors significantly reduced the number of accidents for impending side collision scenarios. Subjective preference data indicated that participants preferred multimodal displays over single-modality displays. Actual or potential applications for this research include auditory displays and warnings, information presentation, and the development of alternative user interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considers aspects of violence in everyday life among the Tiwi of Melville and Bathurst Islands. Violence, social order and affect; Moral violence, coercion and compassion; Violence, bodies and meaning in an un-policed society; Violence as communication; Violence, social differentiation and individuation.

Lists active standards projects of the IEEE Computer Society. Projects sponsored by the Microprocessor and Microcomputer Standards Committee; Projects sponsored by the Bus Architecture Standards Committee; Projects sponsored by the Local Area Network/Man-802 Standards Committee.

Presents an historical account of computer standards and their impact on the advancing computer industry. Importance of standards to the computer industry; Discussion of important computer standards; Elements of successful computer standards; Standards for meeting future computing needs. INSET: Standards organizations..

The Play to Connect programme is an ongoing action research project investigating implementation of a parenting programme for families and children living in disadvantaged remote Aboriginal communities in Australia's Northern Territory. The aim of this research was to identify critical skills and supports needed for community staff to deliver family support services in their community. The presented collaborative research project was undertaken by two community-based Aboriginal implementation officers and two visiting practitioners between March 2020 and December 2021. At this time, social service delivery was impacted by COVID-19 lockdown restrictions when visiting staff were temporarily permitted to fly into remote communities. The visiting practitioners interviewed the local Aboriginal community staff after family visits to explore how to build their professional competencies and contribute to the nature of programme delivery. Thematic analysis of the interviews and debriefing notes emphasise three key factors crucial in building professional competencies: experiential and reflective learning; partnership and collaboration; and increased self-efficacy. The promising practices identified have potential for broader application across Aboriginal communities to enhance cross-cultural and multi-disciplinary teamwork for service delivery. These professional development processes can ensure more accessible programmes for Indigenous communities based on cultural relevance and the diverse needs of participating families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifies several issues of intellectual property rights in a standard from the standpoint of an information technology industry expert. Views on including patented items in a standard; Why Standards Developing Organizations working group might not know about a particular patent; Applicability of a patent to the standard.

This article considers what successful working relationships between fly-in professionals and Aboriginal community workers involve. Interviews with six Aboriginal workers and the experience of the jointly delivered Let's Start parent–child programme in remote north Australian Indigenous communities confirm the importance of developing positive relationships within a both-ways learning approach, drawing on each other's strengths, and the significance of reflection on practice. Working cooperatively enables effective programme implementation, supports incorporation of new learning into practice, and benefits local Aboriginal community members through employment and development opportunities. This model has relevance for health and community programmes delivered in remote Aboriginal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "Growing Up in Central Australia: New Anthropological Studies of Aboriginal Childhood and Adolescence" edited by Ute Eickelkamp.

The article discusses a report published within the issue regarding health promotion and community interventions by K.R. McLeroy, D. Bibeau, A. Steckler, K. Glanz, L.W. Green and M.W. Kreuter.

Provides information on the Standard of Good Practices for Association Management Companies, the basis of an accreditation program sponsored by the International Association of Association Management Companies (IAAMC). Basic options available for association management and administration; IAAMC accreditation; Benefits of the standard.

Focuses on the significance of standardization for the growth of information technology. Process of standardization; Attribution of the growth of Web to standardization; Benefits of standardization to information technology industry.

Provides information on the 2001 Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology which will take place from October 3 to 5, 2001 at the University of Colorado in Boulder. Speakers at the conference; Groups that are developing standards.

Compares the two types of groups, standards-developing organizations (SDO) and consortia. Advantages of each group; Goals of consortia.

Discusses several aspects of consortia or informal groups of standards development organizations (SDO) in the field of computer technology. Types of informal groups; Difference between formal SDO and consortia; Importance of trade group consortia on SDO.

Focuses on the issue of understanding information technology standards. Organization of standards development committee; How a project usually begin.

Provides information on the laws for Web page accessibility in the United States. Reason for the amendment of the Std. 2001-2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Guidelines of the Web Accessibility Initiative developed by the World Wide Web Consortium; Areas addressed by P2001 revision. INSETS: Tips for Web Page Accessibility;XHTML/HTML Compatibility.

Focuses on ANSI Accredited Standards Committee T10. Information on the standards group; Details on typical standards development meeting.