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This thesis is about the criminal law theory of international criminal law (ICL). More specifically, the thesis focuses on one area of inquiry within criminal law theory: the fundamental moral constraining principles of criminal law (such as the culpability or legality principles).The main contribution of this thesis is to advance a method for identifying and clarifying the fundamental principles appropriate for ICL. I show that the most familiar sources of guidance are unreliable, and that efforts to find solid grounding are untenable. I propose a ‘coherentist’ method, which stipulates that we do not necessarily need a foundational ethical theory, or bedrock for beliefs. Instead, we can work productively at a middle level, using all of the available clues – including patterns of practice, normative arguments, and considered judgments. Currently prevailing understandings of the principles are contingent human constructs, but nonetheless we can make fruitful progress in applying and refining the best available constructs.The method is illustrated through an examination of command responsibility, an important but hotly contested doctrine. The inquiry shows problems in ICL jurisprudence and generates prescriptions for a law that responds fairly and effectively to a particular danger of human organization.

The quantification of primary and secondary amines in plasma polymerized allylamine and plasma copolymers of allylamine/octadiene films was carried out using chemical derivatization followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Data was analyzed using a combination of the peak-fit-analysis method (PFA) and the quantitative-elemental-analysis method (QEA). The latter method overestimates the secondary amine contribution, since it does not account for the additional reaction of TFAA with OH groups that may be present as a result of surface aging effects. In the current work the PFA method has been extended to enable the separation of -OH groups and secondary amines, thus allowing for a more precise determination of the secondary amine groups even after surface aging.

Clear Language Research Summaries are a project of the Institute for Community Engaged Scholarship (ICES) at the University of Guelph. Project partners include the Business Development Office (BDO), SPARK Program at the University of Guelph, and Knowledge Mobilization Unit at York University. This project is part of the Pan-Canadian Research Impact Network. On the Web: www.csahs.uoguelph.ca/pps/clear_research Cover crops are able to minimize weeds and provide as high, or higher, profit margins compared to the no cover crop control. Project support by Agri-Food and Rural Link, Mobilizing Agri-food and Rural Research Knowledge. A program of the OMAFRA-U of G Partnership. http://www.uoguelph.ca/research/omafra/partnership/KTT_and_IP.shtml

The effectiveness of cover crops as an alternative weed control strategy should be assessed as the demand for food and fiber grown under sustainable agricultural practices increases. This study assessed the effect of fall cover crops on weed populations in the fall and spring prior to sweet corn planting and during sweet corn growth. The experiment was a split-plot design in a pea cover–cover crop–sweet corn rotation with fall cover crop type as the main plot factor and presence or absence of weeds in the sweet corn as the split-plot factor. The cover crop treatments were a control with no cover crop (no-cover), oat, cereal rye (rye), oilseed radish (OSR), and oilseed radish with rye (OSR+rye). In the fall, at Ridgetown, weed biomass in the OSR treatments was 29 and 59 g m-2 lower than in the no-cover and the cereal treatments, respectively. In the spring, OSR+rye and rye reduced weed biomass, density, and richness below the levels observed in the control at Bothwell. At Ridgetown in the spring, cover crops had no effect on weed populations. During the sweet corn season, weed populations and sweet corn yields were generally unaffected by the cover crops, provided OSR did not set viable seed. All cover crop treatments were as profitable as or more profitable than the no-cover treatment. At Bothwell profit margins were highest for oat at almost Can$600 ha-1 higher than the no-cover treatment. At Ridgetown, compared with the no-cover treatment, OSR and OSR+rye profit margins were between Can$1,250 and Can$1,350 ha-1 and between Can$682 and Can$835 ha-1, respectively. Therefore, provided that OSR does not set viable seed, the cover crops tested are feasible and profitable options to include in sweet corn production and provide weed-suppression benefits. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada through the Agricultural Adaptation Council CORD IV program; Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario; in-kind analyses from Agri-Food Laboratories and A&L Canada Laboratories

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2007 processing vegetable weed control research. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ontario Food Processors Association Agchemical Companies Summer Career Placements 2007

The focus of this report is on nitrogen cycling and weed dynamics within the rotation, for cover crops. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Soil Conservation Council of Canada CAPAEI program A&L Laboratories Ltd. (In-kind N analysis) Agri-Food Laboratories Ltd. (In-kind N analysis)

This report summarizes weed control and tolerance for carrots, red beets, vine crops, cole crops, tomatoes, peppers, and sweet corn. Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2006 processing vegetable weed control research control plots. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ontario Food Processors Association Summer Career Placements 2006 Agchemical Companies Summer Job Service 2006 Ontario Cucumber Research Committee Ontario Tomato Research Institute Green Giant-Pilsbury

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2005 processing vegetable weed control research control plots. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ontario Food Processors Association Summer Career Placements 2005 Agchemical Companies Summer Job Service 2005

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2004 processing vegetable weed control research control plots. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada New Directions 2004 Summer Career Placements 2004 Agchemical Companies Summer Job Service 2004

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2004 tomato weed control research control plots. Summer Job Service 2004 Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada New Directions 2004 Summer Career Placements 2004 Agchemical Companies Ontario Tomato Research Institute

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2003 sugarbeet weed control research plots. Summer Job Service 2003 Experience 2003 Sugarbeet Advancement Fund Ontario Sugarbeet Growers New Directions 2003 Summer Career Placements 2003

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2003 vegetable weed control research on cole crops, beans, peas, peppers, sweet corn, tomatoes and vine crops. Summer Job Service 2003 Experience 2003 General Mills-Pillsbury Canada-Ontario Research and Development New Directions 2003 Summer Career Placements 2003 Agricultural Chemical Companies CanAdapt Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Ontario Tomato Research Institute

This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2002 vegetable weed control research plots. Summer Job Service 2002 Experience 2002 Summer Career Placements 2002 Canada-Ontario Research and Development Food Systems 2002 Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers Ontario Tomato Research Institute Agricultural Chemical Companies

The information provided by this research furthers the science of weed control in processing vegetables and also enables growers to achieve consistent, broad spectrum weed control with a minimum of crop damage. Ontario Sugarbeet Growers Association

The information provided by this research furthers the science of weed control and also enables growers to achieve consistent, broad spectrum weed control with a minimum of crop damage. Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers

The information provided by this research furthers the science of weed control and also enables growers to achieve consistent, broad spectrum weed control with a minimum of crop damage. Ontario Tomato Research Institute