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A comparison of attempts by Archbishops William Temple and Desmond Tutu to shape values within a pluralist society, with a particular focus on Temple’s Christianity and Social Order.

Using the recollections of Bishop Richard Harries and myself, this article describes some of the ways that Archbishops of Canterbury Robert Runcie, George Carey and Rowan Williams were variously advised about theology, medical ethics, mission and safeguarding. The work of two Archbishop’s Advisory groups – on theology and on medical ethics – is outlined, together with key individual advisors, especially Graham Howes, Wesley Carr and Graham James. Carey is identified as an especially strategic archbishop.

This article looks at the ways that Thomas Aquinas’ classic and highly influential understanding of natural law ethics has been criticised by students coming from a number of different faith traditions. It suggests that the way that natural law ethics was deployed in Pope Paul vi’s encyclical Humanae Vitae has not typically been found to be persuasive even among Roman Catholic students. It then looks at the way that Lisa Sowle Cahill takes on board these criticisms and offers a more persuasive account of modified natural law ethics.

Bark-stripping and browsing by mammals in woodlands can cause widespread damage to trees, inhibiting tree growth and leading to whole tree or canopy death. Sciurid species worldwide are known to incorporate inner bark or cambium tissue into their diets, and outer bark can additionally be used as nesting material. The drivers and causes of bark-stripping behaviour have been investigated and determined for some species; for others this remains largely unexplained, including the eastern grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. For all squirrel species there is good understanding of tree susceptibility to damage as well as impacts of damage on tree health. However, much less is known about the drivers and modifiers of bark-stripping behaviour, which hinders the development of effective mitigation and management efforts. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to produce a systematic map, by collating, organising and categorising knowledge clusters and gaps on motivators of bark-stripping behaviour in squirrels, and the consequences of bark damage by squirrels in woodlands globally. Literature searches will be conducted in English, Spanish, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese using relevant scientific databases (ISI Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Wanfang, NDLTD and NCLTPL). The relevant search terms are defined by a primary question: what are the correlates and consequences of bark-damaging behaviour caused by squirrel species in woodlands, and what are the recommended management strategies? Papers will be screened for inclusion criteria at two stages: (1) abstracts and titles, and (2) full-texts. Information extracted from the studies will include study location, publication date, publication type, length of study, regional scope of study, data type, sampling strategy, study design, and intervention methods. Further coding variables will be used to extract relevant data, recording the modifiers and consequences of bark-stripping behaviour at different spatial scales. Results will be presented visually and narratively, summarising key characteristics of the systematic map database and identifying areas for new evidence syntheses and primary research.

Monitoring postrelease establishment and movement of animals is important in evaluating conservation translocations. We translocated 39 wild pine martens Martes martes (19 females, 20 males) from Scotland to Wales. We released them into forested areas with no conspecifics in 2015, followed by a second release in 2016, alongside the previously released animals. We used radio‐tracking to describe postrelease movement and habitat selection. Six martens (15%) were not re‐encountered during the tracking period, of which four undertook long‐distance dispersal. For the remaining individuals, we characterized two phases of movement, “exploration” followed by “settlement,” that differed between releases. In the first release, martens remained in exploration phase for a mean of 14.5 days (SE = 3.9 days) and settled at a mean distance of 8.7 km (SE = 1.8 km) from release sites, whereas martens released in year two, alongside resident conspecifics, traveled away from release sites at a faster rate, settling sooner, at a mean of 6.6 days (SE = 1.8 days), but further, at a mean distance of 14.0 km (SE = 1.7 km) from release sites. Animals released in year one did not exhibit habitat preferences overall but within forests they favored recently felled areas, whereas animals released in year two showed strong selection for forested habitat but did not discriminate between forest types. The presence of conspecifics appeared influential for settlement and site fidelity of translocated martens and was associated with more rapid but more distant dispersal of the later cohort. Releases of animals in close proximity appeared to promote site fidelity and rapid establishment of ranges in the recipient environment.

Four areas that can evoke a sense of transcendence are explored – music, marriage, intellectual discipline and worship – and affinities (and differences) are traced between religious and non-religious responses to the first three. Worship, however, is seen as especially distinctive for those who are religious.

This chapter examines perspectives on abortion within the Church of England and, more widely, within worldwide Anglicanism. It starts with an explanation of some of the most relevant features of the Church of England, namely, that it does not have a central and binding authority on ethical issues, that it is an ‘established’ church with a specific relationship to the monarch and parliament and that it contains a variety of both Protestant and Catholic features. It then examines separately three different areas where perspectives on abortion can be identified within the Church of England and wider Anglicanism. The first is changing statements and resolutions on contraception and abortion made by the international Lambeth Conference of Bishops over the last one hundred years. The second is conclusions reached by, and contemporary responses to, the influential report on abortion produced by the Church of England’s Board for Social Responsibility in 1965. This report is important because it informed the debate that lead to the British legalization of abortion in 1968. The third area is British data about opinions – on abortion, fertility treatments and the use of embryos for research – held by lay people within the Church of England and the public more widely.

An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of Jacques Ellul’s classic book The Presence of the Kingdom, now available in a new translation.

This is the first article of new series for Theology on ‘Cult books revisited’. Written in this instance by the Editor, it re-evaluates Joseph Fletcher’s Situation Ethics, setting it into context and assessing its strengths and weaknesses.

Viele Eigenschaften von Mineralen (Harte, Kristallstruktur, elektrische Leitfahigkeit, Loslichkeit, Glanz usw.) lassen sich leicht durch die chemischen Bindungen erklaren, die sie auf atomarer Ebene zusammenhalten. Ionische Bindungen – mit Abgabe bzw. Aufnahme von Elektronen zwischen Atomen – bilden sich zwischen Elementen sehr unterschiedlicher Elektronegativitat. Die Strukturen ionischer Verbindungen werden durch das dichte Packen von kugelformigen Ionen unterschiedlicher Grose bestimmt und lassen sich aus dem Radienverhaltnis von Kationen zu Anionen vorhersagen. Kovalente Bindungen – mit von zwei Atomen gemeinsam verwendeten Elektronen – bilden sich zwischen Elementen gleicher oder sehr ahnlicher Elektronegativitat. Die Strukturen einfacher Molekule und groserer Kristalle konnen aus der Geometrie von Atomorbitalen vorhergesagt werden. Metallische Bindungen bilden sich zwischen Elementen ahnlicher Elektronegativitat, wenn der Mittelwert der Elektronegativitat gering ist. In der Realitat liegen Mischformen zwischen den idealen Bindungstypen vor.

Die submikroskopische Welt der Atome hat einen groseren Einfluss auf die Geologie als viele Menschen denken. Viele wichtige Eigenschaften von Mineralen, Gesteinen oder Magmen konnen aus den Arten der Atome und den chemischen Bindungen, die diese zusammenhalten, abgeleitet werden. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei die Position der Elektronen innerhalb der Atome in den sogenannten Orbitalen.