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2. Policy windows for the environment: Tips for improving the uptake of scientific knowledge

Author

Rose, DC, Mukherjee, N, Simmons, BI, Tew, ER, Robertson, RJ, Vadrot, ABM, Doubleday, R, Sutherland, WJ, Mukherjee, Nibedita [0000-0002-2970-1498], Simmons, Benno [0000-0002-2751-9430], Tew, Eleanor [0000-0002-6600-5598], Doubleday, Robert [0000-0002-1985-9400], Sutherland, William [0000-0002-6498-0437], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Evidence-based policy, policy windows, evidence-based policy, Horizon scanning, evidence-based conservation, Policy windows, evidence-informed policy, Evidence-based conservation, Evidence-informed policy, horizon scanning, Science-policy interface, science-policy interface
Abstract

© 2017 The Authors. Scientific knowledge is considered to be an important factor (alongside others) in environmental policy-making. However, the opportunity for environmentalists to influence policy can often occur within short, discrete time windows. Therefore, a piece of research may have a negligible or transformative policy influence depending on when it is presented. These ‘policy windows’ are sometimes predictable, such as those dealing with conventions or legislation with a defined renewal period, but are often hard to anticipate. We describe four ways that environmentalists can respond to policy windows and increase the likelihood of knowledge uptake: 1) foresee (and create) emergent windows, 2) respond quickly to opening windows, 3) frame research in line with appropriate windows, and 4) persevere in closed windows. These categories are closely linked; efforts to enhance the incorporation of scientific knowledge into policy need to harness mechanisms within each. We illustrate the main points with reference to nature conservation, but the principles apply widely. European Union Seventh Framework Programme EU Biodiversity Observation Network (No. 308454); Fondation Wiener Anspach, Belgium; Scriven fellowship; Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge Earth System Science NERC DTP [NE/L002507/1]; Natural Environment Research Council Industrial CASE studentship [NE/M010287/1]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF); Arcadia.

Published
2017

3. Acute effect of amino acid ingestion and resistance exercise on plasma growth hormone concentration in young men.

Author

Suminski RR, Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Arslanian S, Kang J, DaSilva S, Utter AC, and Metz KF

Abstract

Sixteen men completed four trials at random as follows: (Trial A) performance of a single bout of resistance exercise preceded by placebo ingestion (vitamin C); (Trial B) ingestion of 1,500 mg L-arginine and 1,500 mg L-lysine, immediately followed by exercise as in Trial A; (Trial C) ingestion of amino acids as in Trial B and no exercise; (Trial D) placebo ingestion and no exercise. Growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher at 30, 60, and 90 min during the exercise trials (A and B) compared with the resting trials (C and D) (p < .05). No differences were noted in [GH] between the exercise trials. [GH] was significantly elevated during resting conditions 60 min after amino acid ingestion compared with the placebo trial. It was concluded that ingestion of 1,500 mg arginine and 1,500 mg lysine immediately before resistance exercise does not alter exercise-induced changes in [GH] in young men. However, when the same amino acid mixture is ingested under basal conditions, the acute secretion of GH is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997
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4. Effect of carbohydrate ingestion subsequent to carbohydrate supercompensation on endurance performance.

Author

Kang J, Robertson RJ, Denys BG, DaSilva SG, Visich P, Suminski RR, Utter AC, Goss FL, and Metz KF

Abstract

This investigation determined whether carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise enhanced endurance performance when the exercise was preceded by carbohydrate supercompensation. Seven male trained cyclists performed two trials at an initial power output corresponding to 71 +/- 1% of their peak oxygen consumption. During the trials, subjects ingested either a 6% glucose/sucrose (C) solution or an equal volume of artificially flavored and sweetened placebo (P) every 20 min throughout exercise. Both C and P were preceded by a 6-day carbohydrate supercompensation procedure in which subjects undertook a depletion-taper exercise sequence in conjunction with a moderate and high-carbohydrate diet regimen. Statistical analysis of time to exhaustion, plasma glucose concentration, carbohydrate oxidation rate, fat oxidation rate, and plasma glycerol concentration indicated that in spite of a carbohydrate supercompensation procedure administered prior to exercise, carbohydrate ingestion during exercise can exert an additional ergogenic effect by preventing a decline in blood glucose levels and maintaining carbohydrate oxidation during the later stages of moderate-intensity exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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11. One repetition maximum prediction models for children using the OMNI RPE Scale.

Author

Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Aaron DJ, Gairola A, Kowallis RA, Liu Y, Randall CR, Tessmer KA, Schnorr TL, Schroeder AE, and White B

Abstract

This investigation developed statistical models to estimate one repetition maximum (1 RM) muscular strength using submaximal ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) as predictor variables. Ten- to 14-year-old girls (n = 35) and boys (n = 35) performed two sets (10 repetitions) of biceps curl (BC) and knee extension (KE) exercise using weights approximating 30% and 50% 1 RM. RPE was assessed during the final repetition of each set using the children's OMNI Resistance Exercise Scale (0-10). Sex-specific statistical models predicted 1 RM using RPE derived from both sets of BC and KE exercises. For both girls and boys, RPE ranged from 3.7 to 6.6 for BC and 4.1 to 7.2 for KE. Group mean 1 RM was (a) girls: BC, 7.44 kg, KE, 13.25 kg and (b) boys: BC, 9.19 kg, KE, 16.24 kg. One repetition maximum prediction models for girls were significant (P < 0.01) for BC (r = 0.87) and KE (r = 0.89). One repetition maximum prediction models for boys were significant (P < 0.01) for BC (r = 0.89) and KE (r = 0.87). The RPE predictors were practical and accurate measures, making the 1 RM models potentially applicable when assessing large numbers of children in short time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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14. Validation of the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale of Perceived Exertion.

Author

Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Andreacci JL, Dubé JJ, Rutkowski JJ, Frazee KM, Aaron DJ, Metz KF, Kowallis RA, and Snee BM

Abstract

PURPOSE: This investigation examined concurrent validity of the Children's OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale (OMNI-RES) of perceived exertion for 10- to 14-yr-old females (N = 25) and males (N = 25) performing unilateral biceps curl (BC) and knee extension (KE) isotonic exercises. METHODS: The criterion variable was total weight lifted (Wt(tot)), determined separately for females and males during BC and KE. Subjects performed three separate sets of 6, 10, and 14 repetitions for BC and KE at 50% 1-RM. Ratings of perceived exertion for the active muscles (RPE-AM) and overall body (RPE-Overall) were measured during the final repetition. RESULTS: For both female and male groups across the three sets: (a) RPE-AM ranged from 2.9 to 8.3 for BC and 4.5 to 9.6 for KE, and (b) RPE-O ranged from 1.9 to 7.0 for BC and 3.6 to 7.7 for KE. Positive linear regression coefficients ranged from r = 0.72 to 0.88 (P < 0.01) between Wt(tot) and RPE-AM and RPE-Overall for BC and KE in both gender groupings. RPE did not differ between females and males at any measurement point within each set for BC and KE. RPE-AM was greater (P < 0.01) than RPE-Overall in the three sets of BC and KE. CONCLUSION: Findings provided concurrent validation of the Children's OMNI-RES to measure RPE for the active muscle and overall body in 10- to 14-yr-old females and males performing upper and lower body resistance exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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15. Validation of the Children's OMNI RPE Scale for stepping exercise.

Author

Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Andreacci JL, Dubé JJ, Rutkowski JJ, Snee BM, Kowallis RA, Crawford K, Aaron DJ, and Metz KF

Abstract

PURPOSE: The stepping pictorial format of the Children's OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale (0-10) was validated for female (N = 20) and male (N = 20) children, 8-12 yr old with a peak (step) oxygen consumption of 46.1 +/- 5.3 mL.kg(-1).min(-1). METHODS: Ratings of perceived exertion for the overall body (RPE-O), legs (RPE-L), and chest (RPE-C) were determined by the OMNI-Step Scale. Concurrent scale validity was examined by regressing OMNI-Step RPE against oxygen consumption (VO(2); mL.kg(-1).min(-1),) and heart rate (HR, beats.min(-1)). Construct scale validity was examined by regressing OMNI-Step RPE (i.e., conditional metric) against OMNI-Cycle RPE (i.e., criterion metric). Variables were measured at the end of each 2-min stage during load-incremented step and cycle exercise. RESULTS: The range of responses over the test stages for the combined female and male sample was VO(2): 9.1-38.6 mL.kg(-1).min(-1); HR: 88.0-168.2 beats.min(-1); and RPE-O, RPE-L, and RPE-C: 1.0-9.1. Using concurrent regression models, RPE-O, RPE-L, and RPE-C distributed as positive linear functions of both VO(2) and HR (r = 0.81-0.94 P < 0.05). Construct regression models indicated a strong linear function between OMNI-Step and OMNI-Cycle RPE for females and males. Differences in RPE (O, L, and C) were not found when females and males used pictorials depicting the same or opposite gender. RPE-L was higher (P < 0.05) than RPE-C at all test stages. CONCLUSION: Responses established concurrent and construct validity of the Children's OMNI-Step Scale over a wide intensity range. The OMNI-Step Scale is not influenced by pictorials' gender and is effective in assessing both undifferentiated and differentiated RPE in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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16. Validation of the adult OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion for walking/running exercise.

Author

Utter AC, Robertson RJ, Green JM, Suminski RR, McAnulty SR, and Nieman DC

Abstract

PURPOSE: Concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale of Perceived Exertion was examined using young adult women and men (18-36 yr). METHODS: Concurrent validity was established by correlating OMNI-Walk/Run Scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE-OMNI) with oxygen uptake (VO2), relative maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2(max)), ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR) to a graded exercise test on a treadmill. Construct validity was established by correlating RPE-OMNI with RPE from the Borg (6-20) Scale (RPE-BORG). Measurements were made every min throughout the test. RESULTS: The range of exercise responses across the incremental walking/running test for the female and male groups were: VO2 = 0.99-3.9 L x min(-1), HR = 98-190 beats x min(-1) and RPE-OMNI = 1.3-9.4. Correlation/regression analyses indicated that RPE-OMNI distributed as a positive linear function for all criterion measures; r = 0.67 to 0.88 (P < 0.05). RPE-OMNI was positively and linearly related to the RPE-BORG; r = 0.96 (P < 0.01) for both the female and male groups. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent and construct evidence supports use of the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale by adult women and men to estimate RPE during graded exercise test on a treadmill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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18. Validation of the adult OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion for cycle ergometer exercise.

Author

Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Dubé J, Rutkowski J, Dupain M, Brennan C, and Andreacci J

Abstract

PURPOSE: Concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle Scale of Perceived Exertion were examined using young adult women and men (18-32 yr). METHODS: Concurrent validity was established by correlating OMNI-Cycle Scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) with oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) responses to a load-incremented cycle ergometer protocol. Construct validity was established by correlating RPE derived from the OMNI-Cycle Scale with RPE from the Borg (6-20) Scale. RPE, VO2, and HR were measured during each exercise stage. RESULTS: The range of exercise responses across the incremental test for the female and male groups was VO2 = 0.92-2.74 L x min[-1], HR = 107.2-167.2 beats x min[-1], and OMNI Scale RPE-Overall, RPE-Legs, and RPE-Chest 1.0-9.1. Correlation/regression analyses indicated that RPE-Overall, RPE-Legs, and RPE-Chest distributed as a positive linear function of both VO2 and HR (r = 0.81 to 0.95; P < 0.01). Undifferentiated and differentiated RPE-OMNI Scale distributed as a positive linear function of RPE-Borg Scale (r = 0.92 to 0.97; P < 0.01). ANOVA indicated that OMNI-Cycle RPE-Legs was higher (P < 0.01) than RPE-Chest at each exercise stage for both genders. CONCLUSION: Concurrent and construct evidence supports use of the OMNI Scale by adult women and men to estimate RPE during cycle exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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22. Prediction of 2000 m indoor rowing performance using a 30 s sprint and maximal oxygen uptake.

Author

Riechman SE, Zoeller RF, Balasekaran G, Goss FL, and Robertson RJ

Abstract

The aim of this study was to predict indoor rowing performance in 12 competitive female rowers (age 21.3 +/- 3.6 years, height 1.68 +/- 0.54 m, body mass 67.1 +/- 11.7 kg; mean +/- s) using a 30 s rowing sprint, maximal oxygen uptake and the blood lactate response to submaximal rowing. Blood lactate and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured during a discontinuous graded exercise test on a Concept II rowing ergometer incremented by 25 W for each 2 min stage; the highest VO2 measured during the test was recorded as VO2max (mean = 3.18 +/- 0.35 l.min-1). Peak power (380 +/- 63.2 W) and mean power (368 +/- 60.0 W) were determined using a modified Wingate test protocol on the Concept II rowing ergometer. Rowing performance was based on the results of the 2000 m indoor rowing championship in 1997 (466.8 +/- 12.3 s). Laboratory testing was performed within 3 weeks of the rowing championship. Submitting mean power (Power), the highest and lowest five consecutive sprint power outputs (Maximal and Minimal), percent fatigue in the sprint test (Fatigue), VO2max (l.min-1), VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1), VO2 at the lactate threshold, power at the lactate threshold (W), maximal lactate concentration, lactate threshold (percent VO2max) and VEmax (l.min-1) to a stepwise multiple regression analysis produced the following model to predict 2000 m rowing performance: Time2000 = -0.163 (Power) -14.213.(VO2max l.min-1) +0.738.(Fatigue) 7.259 (R2 = 0.96, standard error = 2.89). These results indicate that, in the women studied, 75.7% of the variation in 2000 m indoor rowing performance time was predicted by peak power in a rowing Wingate test, while VO2max and fatigue during the Wingate test explained an additional 12.1% and 8.2% of the variance, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

33. Fatigue in women with myocardial infarction.

Author

Varvaro FF, Sereika SM, Zullo TG, and Robertson RJ

Abstract

This study measured fatigue in women 6 weeks after myocardial infarction. Fatigue was experienced by the women as chronic, generalized, intermittent, and longstanding. More than one third of the women attributed their fatigue directly to the heart attack or hospitalization. Significant relations were found between fatigue and the physiological dimension of the Sickness Impact Sale (SIP), the Perceived Health Assessment and Risk Protection Survey (PHARPS), and the site of infarction, as well as with the psychological dimension of the SIP. There was an inverse significant relation between fatigue scores and the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index. Although not reaching statistical significance, fatigue scores for women 65 and older were higher than for younger women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1996

34. Inhibition of food stimulated acid secretion by fenoctimine, a new anti- secretory agent.

Author

Williams, JG, Robertson, RJ, and Milton-Thompson, GJ

Abstract

The effect of fenoctimine, a new anti-secretory agent, has been studied on food stimulated acid secretion in six normal volunteers. When tested between 2 and 4 h after dosing, and compared with placebo, fenoctimine 50 mg inhibited acid secretion by a mean of 29%, 150 mg by 43% and 250 mg by 47%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983
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38. Calling for a new agenda for conservation science to create evidence-informed policy

Author

Rose, DC, Amano, T, González-Varo, JP, Mukherjee, N, Robertson, RJ, Simmons, BI, Wauchope, HS, and Sutherland, WJ

Subjects
Evidence-based policy, 13. Climate action, Coproduction, 14. Life underwater, Evidence-informed policy, Science-policy, Science communication
Abstract

Improving the use of scientific evidence in conservation policy has been a long-standing focus of the conservation community. A plethora of studies have examined conservation science-policy interfaces, including a recent global survey of scientists, policy-makers, and practitioners. This identified a list of top barriers and solutions to evidence use, which have considerable overlap with those identified by other studies conducted over the last few decades. The three top barriers – (i) that conservation is not a political priority, (ii) that there is poor engagement between scientists and decision-makers, and (iii) that conservation problems are complex and uncertain – have often been highlighted in the literature as significant constraints on the use of scientific evidence in conservation policy. There is also repeated identification of the solutions to these barriers. In this perspective, we consider three reasons for this: (1) the barriers are insurmountable, (2) the frequently-proposed solutions are poor, (3) there are implementation challenges to putting solutions into practice. We argue that implementation challenges are most likely to be preventing the solutions being put into practice and that the research agenda for conservation science-policy interfaces needs to move away from identifying barriers and solutions, and towards a detailed investigation of how to overcome these implementation challenges.

39. ATLAS computing technical proposal

Author

ATLAS Collaboration, Airapetian, A, Grabsky, V, Hakopian, H, Vartapetian, A, Fares, F, Moorhead, GF, Sevior, ME, Taylor, GN, Tovey, SN, Alexiev, D, Donnelly, IJ, Varvell, KE, Williams, ML, Hashemi-Nezhad, R, Peak, L, Saavedra, A, Ulrichs, J, Girtler, P, Kiener, C, Kneringer, E, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Abdinov, OB, Aliev, FM, Khalilzade, FT, Mehdiyev, RR, Rzaev, HJ, Usubov, ZU, Baturitsky, MA, Bogush, AA, Demchenko, AI, Gazizov, AZ, Gilevsky, VV, Golubev, VS, Levchuk, MI, Satsunkevich, IS, Shevtsov, VV, Caloba, LP, Galvez-Durand, F, Maidantchik, CL, Marroquin, F, Seixas, JM, Thome, ZD, da Silva, NC, Dietzsch, O, Leite, MAL, Sakanoue, MH, Takagui, EM, Zandona, F, Armstrong, WW, Burris, W, Gingrich, DM, Hewlett, JC, Holm, L, Mullin, S, Pinfold, JL, Schaapman, J, Soukup, J, Wampler, L, Axen, D, Mayer, JK, Orr, RS, Armitage, J, Dixit, M, Dubeau, J, Estabrooks, P, Losty, M, Neuheimer, E, O'Neill, M, Oakham, G, Azuelos, G, Ben El Fassi, A, Depommier, P, Leon-Florian, E, Leroy, C, Lorazo, B, Martin, JP, Marullo, F, Roy, P, Savard, P, Bailey, DC, Bhadra, S, Martin, JF, Sinervo, PK, Stairs, GG, Trischuk, W, Astbury, A, Birney, P, Hodges, T, Langstaff, R, Oram, C, Roberts, B, Rosvick, M, Wellisch, HP, Bishop, S, Fincke-Keeler, M, Honma, A, Keeler, R, Lefebvre, M, O'Neil, D, Poffenberger, P, Robertson, L, Roney, M, Sobie, R, Akesson, T, Anghinolfi, F, Bachy, G, Barberio, E, Benincasa, G, Bergsma, F, Bjorset, L, Blocki, J, Bloess, D, Bock, R, Bogaerts, J, Brawn, I, Burckhart, HJ, Butin, F, Campbell, M, Chesi, E, Chevalley, JL, Christiansen, J, Cobal, M, Dabrowski, W, Dauvergne, JP, Dell'Acqua, A, Denes, E, Dittus, F, Dobinson, R, Drakoulakos, D, Dufey, JP, Eerola, P, Efthymiopoulos, I, Ellis, N, Fabjan, CW, Farthouat, P, Flegel, W, Francis, D, Froidevaux, D, Gebart, R, Gianotti, F, Gildemeister, O, Hatch, M, Haug, F, Hauviller, C, Heeley, R, Heijne, E, Henriques, A, Hoffmann, HF, Hortnagl, C, Jarp, S, Jarron, P, Jenni, P, Jones, R, Kantardjian, G, Kaplon, J, Klempt, W, Klyuchnikova, T, Knobloch, J, Koski, K, Kotz, U, Lacasta, C, Langhans, W, Lasseur, C, Lehraus, I, Lemeilleur, F, Lichard, P, Liebhart, M, Linde, F, Lofstedt, B, Madsen, N, Mapelli, L, Marchioro, A, Martin, B, Maugin, JM, McLaren, RA, Meier, D, Michelotto, M, Mornacchi, G, Myers, D, Nessi, M, Nicquevert, B, Onions, C, Patel, A, Poggioli, L, Poppleton, A, Posch, C, Poulard, G, Price, M, Riedler, P, Riegler, W, Roe, S, Rohrbach, F, Rosso, E, Rudge, A, Ryzhov, V, Schaller, M, Schmid, P, Schmitt, M, Schuler, G, Snoeys, W, Spegel, M, Spiwoks, R, Stavrianakou, M, Stavropoulos, G, Tartarelli, F, Taylor, B, ten Kate, H, Treichel, M, Tsesmelis, E, van der Bij, H, Vasey, F, von Boehn-Bucholz, R, Voss, R, Vreeswijk, M, Vuillemin, V, Weilhammer, P, Wendler, H, Werner, P, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Bohm, J, Hrivnac, J, Lednicky, R, Lokajicek, M, Nemecek, S, Sicho, P, Simak, V, Stastny, J, Stedron, M, Vanickova, M, Vrba, V, Davidek, T, Dolejsi, J, Dolezal, Z, Kucera, M, Leitner, R, Soustruznik, K, Suk, M, Tas, P, Trka, Z, Valkar, S, Wilhelm, I, Zdrazil, M, Jakubek, J, Kubasta, J, Macha, I, Ota, J, Pospisil, S, Sinor, M, Sopko, B, Tomiak, Z, Dam, M, Hansen, JD, Hansen, JR, Hansen, P, Rensch, B, Jalas, P, Schulman, T, Aubert, B, Bazan, A, Beaugiraud, B, Boniface, J, Colas, J, Girard, C, Jezequel, S, Leflour, T, Lecoq, J, Linossier, O, Moynot, M, Nicoleau, S, Riccadonna, X, Sauvage, G, Thion, J, Wingerter, I, Zitoun, R, Zolnierowski, Y, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Bouhemaid, N, Brette, P, Brossard, M, Chadelas, R, Chevaleyre, JC, Crouau, M, Daudon, F, Dugne, JJ, Michel, B, Montarou, G, Muanza, GS, Pallin, D, Plothow-Besch, H, Poirot, S, Reinmuth, G, Says, LP, Vazeille, F, Andrieux, ML, Ballon, J, Collot, J, Dzahini, D, Ferrari, A, Guerre-Chaley, B, Hostachy, JY, Laborie, G, Martin, P, Pouxe, J, Rabier, C, Rey-Campagnolle, M, Rossetto, O, de Saintignon, P, Stassi, P, Wielers, M, Basa, S, Blanquart, L, Bonzom, V, Calzas, A, Chekhtman, A, Clemens, JC, Cohen-Solal, M, Cousinou, MC, Dargent, P, Delpierre, P, Dinkespiler, B, Duval, PY, Etienne, F, Fallou, A, Fassnacht, P, Ferrato, D, Fouchez, D, Gally, Y, Grigorev, E, Habrard, MC, Hallewell, G, Le Van Suu, A, Martin, L, Mekkaoui, A, Monnier, E, Mouthuy, T, Nacasch, R, Nagy, E, Olivetto, C, Pouit, L, Qian, Z, Raymond, M, Rondot, C, Rozanov, AN, Sauvage, D, Tisserant, S, Touchard, F, Vacavant, L, Ardelean, J, Arnault, C, Auge, E, Barrand, G, Belot, G, Bouchel, M, Boucrot, J, Breton, D, Chollet, C, Coulon, JP, de la Taille, C, Delebecque, P, Ducorps, A, Fayard, L, Fournier, D, Gonzales, J, Grivaz, JF, Hrisoho, A, Iconomidou-Fayard, L, Imbert, P, Jacquier, Y, Jean, P, Lavigne, B, Mace, G, Martin-Chassard, G, Merkel, B, Nikolic, I, Noppe, JM, Parrour, G, Petroff, P, Puzo, P, Richer, JP, Schaffer, AC, Seguin-Moreau, N, Serin, L, Tisserand, V, Togat, V, Unal, G, Vales, F, Veillet, JJ, Vernay, E, Alexanian, H, Baubillier, M, Bezamat, J, Billoir, P, Blouzon, F, Canton, B, David, J, Genat, J F, Imbault, D, Le Dortz, O, Nayman, P, Rossel, F, Savoy-Navarro, A, Schwemling, P, Belorgey, J, Bernard, R, Berriaud, C, Berthier, R, Borgeaud, P, Bourdinaud, M, Bystricky, J, Calvet, D, Chalifour, M, Chevalier, L, Cloue, O, Dael, A, Delagnes, E, Desages, F, Desportes, H, Ernwein, J, Gachelin, O, Gallet, B, Giacometti, J, de Girolamo, P, Gosset, L, Guyot, C, Hansl-Kozanecka, T, Heitzmann, J, Hubbard, JR, Huet, M, Kozanecki, W, Laporte, JF, Le Du, P, Lesmond, C, Lottin, JP, Lugiez, F, Mandzhavidze, I, Mansoulie, B, Mayri, C, Molinie, F, Mur, M, Pabot, Y, Pailler, P, Pascual, J, Pelle, J, Perrin, P, Pinabiau, M, Renardy, JF, Schuller, JP, Schune, P, Schwindling, J, Simion, S, Smizanska, M, Taguet, JP, Teiger, J, Thooris, B, Tirler, R, Van Hille, H, Veenhof, R, Veyssiere, C, Virchaux, M, Walter, C, Chikovani, L, Gabuniya, L, Gogiberidze, G, Gogoladze, G, Grigalashvili, T, Khorguashvili, Z, Kipiani, K, Koshtoev, V, Sopromadze, D, Topchishvili, L, Tvalashvili, O, Chiladze, B, Dzhobava, T, Khelashvili, A, Khubua, Zh, Liparteliani, A, Metreveli, Z, Mosidze, M, Salukvadze, R, Desch, K, Fischer, P, Geich-Gimbel, C, Hilger, E, Meuser, S, Ockenfels, W, Raith, B, Wermes, N, Becker, C, Fuss, J, Gossling, C, Lisowski, B, Luthaus, P, Wunstorf, R, Bar, T, Chen, J, Ebling, DG, Goppert, R, Herten, G, Irsigler, R, Kollefrath, M, Kolpin, R, Landgraf, U, Lauxtermann, S, Ludwig, J, Mohr, W, Paschhoff, V, Rehmann, V, Rolker, B, Runge, K, Schafer, F, Scherberger, G, Schmid, T, Webel, M, Weber, C, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Kluge, EE, Mass, A, Putzer, A, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Doersing, V, Erhard, W, Kammel, P, Reinsch, A, Buchholz, P, Hoelldorfer, F, Jakobs, K, Kleinknecht, K, Kopke, L, Marschalkowski, E, Merle, K, Othegraven, R, Renk, B, Schafer, U, Schue, Y, Walkowiak, W, Hoegl, H, Kugel, A, Ludvig, J, Manner, R, Noffz, KH, Ruehl, S, Zoz, R, Deile, M, Dubbert, J, Faessler, MA, Hessey, NP, Sammer, T, Staude, A, Trefzger, T, Ackermann, K, Aderholz, M, Andricek, L, Blum, W, Bratzler, U, Brettel, H, Dietl, H, Dulny, B, 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Staley, RJ, Watkins, PM, Watson, AT, Watson, N K, Wilson, JA, Batley, JR, Carter, JR, Drage, L, Goodrick, MJ, Hill, JC, Munday, DJ, Parker, MA, Robinson, D, Wyllie, KH, Boyle, O, Candlin, DJ, Candlin, ERS, Knowles, IG, Playfer, SM, Doyle, AT, Flavell, AJ, Lynch, JG, Martin, DJ, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, Saxon, DH, Skillicorn, IO, Smith, KM, Brodbeck, TJ, Henderson, RCW, Hughes, GH, Komorowski, T, Ratoff, PN, Sloan, T, Allport, PP, Booth, PSL, Carroll, LJ, Cooke, PA, Greenall, A, Houlden, MA, Jackson, JN, Jones, TJ, King, BT, Moreton, A, Richardson, JD, Smith, NA, Sutcliffe, P, Turner, PR, Beck, GA, Carter, AA, Eisenhandler, E F, Kyberd, P, Landon, M, Lloyd, SL, Martin, AJ, Pentney, JM, Pritchard, T W, Thompson, G, Blair, GA, George, S, Green, BJ, Medcalf, T, Strong, JA, Bignall, P, Clarke, P, Cranfield, R, Crone, G, Esten, M, Jones, T, Lane, J, Sherwood, P, Duerdoth, IP, Dunne, PW, Finnegan, PF, Foster, JM, Freestone, J, Gilbert, SD, Hughes-Jones, R E, Ibbotson, M, Kolya, SD, Loebinger, FK, Marshall, R, Mercer, D, Snow, S, Thompson, RJ, Bibby, JH, Buira-Clark, D, Fox-Murphy, A, Grewal, A, Harris, FJ, Hawes, BM, Hill, J, Holmes, A, Howell, D, Hunt, SJ, Kundu, N, Lloyd, J, Loken, JG, Nickerson, RB, Reichold, A, Renton, PB, Segar, M, Wastie, R L, Weidberg, AR, Apsimon, R J, Baines, J T, Baynham, D E, Botterill, D R, Campbell, DA, Clifft, RW, Edwards, J P, Edwards, M, English, RL, Fisher, S M, Gee, C N P, Gibson, M D, Gillman, A R, Hart, J C, Hatley, RW, Haywood, S J, Hill, DL, Madani, S, McCubbin, N A, McPhail, DJ, Middleton, R P, Morrissey, MC, Murray, W J, Nichols, A, Norton, P R, Payne, B T, Perera, VJO, Phillips, P W, Pilling, A, Quinton, S P H, Saunders, B J, Seller, P, Shah, T P, Tappern, GJ, Tyndel, M, White, DJ, Wickens, FJ, Booth, CN, Buttar, CM, Cartwright, SL, Combley, FH, Lehto, MH, Sellin, PJ, Spooner, NJC, Thompson, LF, Alam, MS, Athar, SB, Mahmood, A, Ovunc, S, Severini, H, Timm, S, Wappler, F, Zhichao, L, Berger, EL, Blair, R, Dawson, J, Guarino, V, Hill, N, May, EN, Nodulman, LJ, Price, LE, Proudfoot, J, Schlereth, JL, Stanek, R, Wagner, RG, Wicklund, A B, Cheu, E, Johns, K, Loch, P, Rutherfoord, J, Savin, A, Shaver, L, Shupe, M, Steinberg, J, Tompkins, D, De, K, Gallas, E, Li, J, Sawyer, L, Stephens, R, White, A, Barnett, M, Bintinger, D, Ciocio, A, Dahl, O, Einsweiler, K, Ely, R, Gilchriese, M, Haber, C, Hinchliffe, I, Holland, S, Joshi, A, Kipnis, I, Kleinfelder, S, Milgrome, O, Nygren, D, Palaio, N, Pengg, F, Shapiro, M, Siegrist, J, Spieler, H, Trilling, G, Hazen, E, Shank, J, Simmons, E, Whitaker, JS, Zhou, B, Behrends, S, Bensinger, JR, Blocker, C, Cunningham, J, Kirsch, LE, Lamoureux, J, Wellenstein, H, Citterio, M, Cullen, J, Gibbard, B, Gordeev, A, Gordon, H, Graf, N, Grachev, V, Kandasamy, A, Kotcher, J, Lissauer, D, Ma, H, Makowiecki, D, Murtagh, MJ, O'Connor, P, Paige, F, Polychronakos, V, Protopopescu, S, Radeka, V, Rahm, DC, Rajagopalan, S, Rescia, S, Smith, G, Sondericker, J, Stephani, D, Stumer, I, Takai, H, Chernyatin, V, Yu, B, Anderson, K, Blucher, E, Evans, H, Glenzinski, D, Merritt, F, Oreglia, M, Pilcher, J, Pod, E, Sanders, H, Shochet, M, Turcot, A, Cartiglia, N, Cunitz, H, Dodd, J, Gara, A, Leltchouk, M, Parsons, J, Seman, M, Shaevitz, M, Sippach, W, Willis, W, Fortney, LR, Goshaw, AT, Lee, AM, Oh, SH, Robertson, RJ, Wang, CH, Wesson, D, Baker, OK, Feldman, GJ, Franklin, MEB, Huth, J, Oliver, J, Hanson, G, Li, Z, Luehring, F, Ogren, H, Rust, DR, Lankford, AJ, Hackett, C, Pier, S, Schernau, M, Stoker, D, Haridas, P, Osborne, LS, Paradiso, JA, Pless, IA, Taylor, FE, Wadsworth, BF, Abolins, M, Brock, R, Bromberg, C, Edmunds, D, Ermolin, Yu, Gross, S, Huston, J, Laurens, P, Linnemann, J, Miller, R, Owen, D, Pope, BG, Richards, R, Weerts, H, Gold, M, Gorfine, G, Matthews, J, Seidel, S, Khandaker, M, McFarlane, K, Punjabi, V, Salgado, CW, Fortner, M, Sirotenko, V I, Willis, SE, Gutierrez, P, McMahon, T, Nemati, B, Skubic, P, Snow, J, Strauss, M, Dressnandt, N, Keener, P, Newcomer, FM, Van Berg, R, Williams, HH, Cleland, WE, Clemen, M, Bazizi, K, England, D, Ferbel, T, Ginther, G, Glebov, V, Haelen, T, Lobkowicz, F, Slattery, P, Zielinski, M, Dorfan, D, Dubbs, T, Grillo, A, Heusch, C, Kashigin, S, Litke, A, Popelvine, P, Sadrozinski, HFW, Seiden, A, Spencer, E, Coan, TE, Olness, FI, Skwarnicki, T, Stroynowski, R, Teplitz, V, Mann, A, Milburn, R, Napier, A, Sliwa, K, Downing, RW, Errede, D, Errede, S, Haney, MJ, Simaitis, VJ, Thaler, J, Burnett, TH, Chaloupka, V, Cook, V, Daly, C, Davisson, R, Forbush, D, Guldenmann, H, Lubatti, HJ, Mockett, PM, Reinhall, P, Rothberg, J, Wasserbaech, S, Zhao, T, Fasching, D, Gonzalez, S, Jared, RC, Pan, YB, Scott, IJ, Walsh, J, Wu, SL, Yamartino, JM, and Zobernig, G

40. ATLAS calorimeter performance

Author

ATLAS Collaboration, Airapetian, A, Grabsky, V, Hakopian, H, Vartapetian, A, Fares, F, Moorhead, GF, Sevior, ME, Taylor, GN, Tovey, SN, Alexiev, D, Donnelly, IJ, Varvell, KE, Williams, ML, Hashemi-Nezhad, R, Peak, L, Saavedra, A, Ulrichs, J, Girtler, P, Kiener, C, Kneringer, E, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Abdinov, OB, Aliev, FM, Khalilzade, FT, Mehdiyev, RR, Rzaev, HJ, Usubov, ZU, Baturitsky, MA, Bogush, AA, Demchenko, AI, Gazizov, AZ, Gilevsky, VV, Golubev, VS, Levchuk, MI, Satsunkevich, IS, Shevtsov, VV, Caloba, LP, Galvez-Durand, F, Maidantchik, CL, Marroquin, F, Seixas, JM, Thome, ZD, da Silva, NC, Dietzsch, O, Leite, MAL, Sakanoue, MH, Takagui, EM, Zandona, F, Armstrong, WW, Burris, W, Gingrich, DM, Hewlett, JC, Holm, L, Mullin, S, Pinfold, JL, Schaapman, J, Soukup, J, Wampler, L, Axen, D, Mayer, JK, Orr, RS, Armitage, J, Dixit, M, Dubeau, J, Estabrooks, P, Losty, M, Neuheimer, E, O'Neill, M, Oakham, G, Azuelos, G, Ben El Fassi, A, Depommier, P, Leon-Florian, E, Leroy, C, Lorazo, B, Martin, JP, Marullo, F, Roy, P, Savard, P, Bailey, DC, Bhadra, S, Martin, JF, Sinervo, PK, Stairs, GG, Trischuk, W, Astbury, A, Birney, P, Hodges, T, Langstaff, R, Oram, C, Roberts, B, Rosvick, M, Wellisch, HP, Bishop, S, Fincke-Keeler, M, Honma, A, Keeler, R, Lefebvre, M, O'Neil, D, Poffenberger, P, Robertson, L, Roney, M, Sobie, R, Akesson, T, Anghinolfi, F, Bachy, G, Barberio, E, Benincasa, G, Bergsma, F, Bjorset, L, Blocki, J, Bloess, D, Bock, R, Bogaerts, J, Brawn, I, Burckhart, HJ, Butin, F, Campbell, M, Chesi, E, Chevalley, JL, Christiansen, J, Cobal, M, Dabrowski, W, Dauvergne, JP, Dell'Acqua, A, Denes, E, Dittus, F, Dobinson, R, Drakoulakos, D, Dufey, JP, Eerola, P, Efthymiopoulos, I, Ellis, N, Fabjan, CW, Farthouat, P, Flegel, W, Francis, D, Froidevaux, D, Gebart, R, Gianotti, F, Gildemeister, O, Hatch, M, Haug, F, Hauviller, C, Heeley, R, Heijne, E, Henriques, A, Hoffmann, HF, Hortnagl, C, Jarp, S, Jarron, P, Jenni, P, Jones, R, Kantardjian, G, Kaplon, J, Klempt, W, Klyuchnikova, T, Knobloch, J, Koski, K, Kotz, U, Lacasta, C, Langhans, W, Lasseur, C, Lehraus, I, Lemeilleur, F, Lichard, P, Liebhart, M, Linde, F, Lofstedt, B, Madsen, N, Mapelli, L, Marchioro, A, Martin, B, Maugin, JM, McLaren, RA, Meier, D, Michelotto, M, Mornacchi, G, Myers, D, Nessi, M, Nicquevert, B, Onions, C, Patel, A, Poggioli, L, Poppleton, A, Posch, C, Poulard, G, Price, M, Riedler, P, Riegler, W, Roe, S, Rohrbach, F, Rosso, E, Rudge, A, Ryzhov, V, Schaller, M, Schmid, P, Schmitt, M, Schuler, G, Snoeys, W, Spegel, M, Spiwoks, R, Stavrianakou, M, Stavropoulos, G, Tartarelli, F, Taylor, B, ten Kate, H, Treichel, M, Tsesmelis, E, van der Bij, H, Vasey, F, von Boehn-Bucholz, R, Voss, R, Vreeswijk, M, Vuillemin, V, Weilhammer, P, Wendler, H, Werner, P, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Bohm, J, Hrivnac, J, Lednicky, R, Lokajicek, M, Nemecek, S, Sicho, P, Simak, V, Stastny, J, Stedron, M, Vanickova, M, Vrba, V, Davidek, T, Dolejsi, J, Dolezal, Z, Kucera, M, Leitner, R, Soustruznik, K, Suk, M, Tas, P, Trka, Z, Valkar, S, Wilhelm, I, Zdrazil, M, Jakubek, J, Kubasta, J, Macha, I, Ota, J, Pospisil, S, Sinor, M, Sopko, B, Tomiak, Z, Dam, M, Hansen, JD, Hansen, JR, Hansen, P, Rensch, B, Jalas, P, Schulman, T, Aubert, B, Colas, J, Eynard, G, Jezequel, S, Linossier, O, Massol, N, Minard, MN, Nicoleau, S, Perrodo, P, Sauvage, G, Wingerter, I, Zitoun, R, Zolnierowski, Y, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Bouhemaid, N, Brette, P, Brossard, M, Chadelas, R, Chevaleyre, JC, Crouau, M, Daudon, F, Dugne, JJ, Michel, B, Montarou, G, Muanza, GS, Pallin, D, Plothow-Besch, H, Poirot, S, Reinmuth, G, Says, LP, Vazeille, F, Andrieux, ML, Ballon, J, Collot, J, Dzahini, D, Ferrari, A, Guerre-Chaley, B, Hostachy, JY, Laborie, G, Martin, P, Pouxe, J, Rabier, C, Rey-Campagnolle, M, Rossetto, O, de Saintignon, P, Stassi, P, Wielers, M, Basa, S, Blanquart, L, Bonzom, V, Calzas, A, Chekhtman, A, Clemens, JC, Cohen-Solal, M, Cousinou, MC, Dargent, P, Delpierre, P, Dinkespiler, B, Duval, PY, Etienne, F, Fallou, A, Fassnacht, P, Ferrato, D, Fouchez, D, Gally, Y, Grigorev, E, Habrard, MC, Hallewell, G, Le Van Suu, A, Martin, L, Mekkaoui, A, Monnier, E, Mouthuy, T, Nacasch, R, Nagy, E, Olivetto, C, Pouit, L, Qian, Z, Raymond, M, Rondot, C, Rozanov, AN, Sauvage, D, Tisserant, S, Touchard, F, Vacavant, L, Ardelean, J, Arnault, C, Auge, E, Barrand, G, Belot, G, Bouchel, M, Boucrot, J, Breton, D, Chollet, C, Coulon, JP, de la Taille, C, Delebecque, P, Ducorps, A, Fayard, L, Fournier, D, Gonzales, J, Grivaz, JF, Hrisoho, A, Iconomidou-Fayard, L, Imbert, P, Jacquier, Y, Jean, P, Lavigne, B, Mace, G, Martin-Chassard, G, Merkel, B, Nikolic, I, Noppe, JM, Parrour, G, Petroff, P, Puzo, P, Richer, JP, Schaffer, AC, Seguin-Moreau, N, Serin, L, Tisserand, V, Togat, V, Unal, G, Vales, F, Veillet, JJ, Vernay, E, Alexanian, H, Baubillier, M, Bezamat, J, Billoir, P, Blouzon, F, Canton, B, David, J, Genat, JF, Imbault, D, Le Dortz, O, Nayman, P, Rossel, F, Savoy-Navarro, A, Schwemling, P, Belorgey, J, Bernard, R, Berriaud, C, Berthier, R, Borgeaud, P, Bourdinaud, M, Bystricky, J, Calvet, D, Chalifour, M, Chevalier, L, Cloue, O, Dael, A, Delagnes, E, Desages, F, Desportes, H, Ernwein, J, Gachelin, O, Gallet, B, Giacometti, J, de Girolamo, P, Gosset, L, Guyot, C, Hansl-Kozanecka, T, Heitzmann, J, Hubbard, JR, Huet, M, Kozanecki, W, Laporte, JF, Le Du, P, Lesmond, C, Lottin, JP, Lugiez, F, Mandzhavidze, I, Mansoulie, B, Mayri, C, Molinie, F, Mur, M, Pabot, Y, Pailler, P, Pascual, J, Pelle, J, Perrin, P, Pinabiau, M, Renardy, JF, Schuller, JP, Schune, P, Schwindling, J, Simion, S, Smizanska, M, Taguet, JP, Teiger, J, Thooris, B, Tirler, R, Van Hille, H, Veenhof, R, Veyssiere, C, Virchaux, M, Walter, C, Chikovani, L, Gabuniya, L, Gogiberidze, G, Gogoladze, G, Grigalashvili, T, Khorguashvili, Z, Kipiani, K, Koshtoev, V, Sopromadze, D, Topchishvili, L, Tvalashvili, O, Chiladze, B, Dzhobava, T, Khelashvili, A, Khubua, Zh, Liparteliani, A, Metreveli, Z, Mosidze, M, Salukvadze, R, Desch, K, Fischer, P, Geich-Gimbel, C, Hilger, E, Meuser, S, Ockenfels, W, Raith, B, Wermes, N, Becker, C, Fuss, J, Gossling, C, Lisowski, B, Luthaus, P, Wunstorf, R, Bar, T, Chen, J, Ebling, DG, Goppert, R, Herten, G, Irsigler, R, Kollefrath, M, Kolpin, R, Landgraf, U, Lauxtermann, S, Ludwig, J, Mohr, W, Paschhoff, V, Rehmann, V, Rolker, B, Runge, K, Schafer, F, Scherberger, G, Schmid, T, Webel, M, Weber, C, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Kluge, EE, Mass, A, Putzer, A, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Doersing, V, Erhard, W, Kammel, P, Reinsch, A, Buchholz, P, Hoelldorfer, F, Jakobs, K, Kleinknecht, K, Kopke, L, Marschalkowski, E, Merle, K, Othegraven, R, Renk, B, Schafer, U, Schue, Y, Walkowiak, W, Hoegl, H, Kugel, A, Ludvig, J, Manner, R, Noffz, KH, Ruehl, S, Zoz, R, Deile, M, Dubbert, J, Faessler, MA, Hessey, NP, Sammer, T, Staude, A, Trefzger, T, Ackermann, K, Aderholz, M, Andricek, L, Blum, W, Bratzler, U, Brettel, H, Dietl, H, Dulny, B, Dydak, F, Fent, J, Gruhn, C, Hauff, D, Koffeman, E, Kroha, H, Lutz, G, Manz, A, Moser, HG, Oberlack, H, Ostapchuk, A, Richter, R, Richter, RH, Schacht, P, Schael, S, Stenzel, H, Striegel, D, Tribanek, W, Gillessen, G, Holder, M, Kreutz, A, Becks, KH, Braun, H, Drees, J, Glitza, KW, Hamacher, K, Kersten, S, Lenzen, G, Linder, C, Middelkamp, P, Wahlen, H, Dris, M, Filippas, A, Fokitis, E, Gazis, E, Katsoufis, E, Maltezos, S, Papadopoulou, T, Giokaris, N, Ioannou, P, Kourkoumelis, C, Papadopoulos, I, Tatsis, S, Tzanakos, GS, Bouzakis, C, Chardalas, M, Chouridou, S, Dedoussis, S, Gavris, G, Lagouri, T, Liolios, A, Paschalias, P, Petridou, C, Sampsonidis, D, Sergiadis, G, Zamani, M, Dado, S, Goldberg, J, Lupu, N, Abramowicz, H, Alexander, G, Bella, G, Benary, O, Dagan, S, Grunhaus, J, Oren, Y, Breskin, A, Chechik, R, Duchovni, E, Eisenberg, Y, Gross, E, Hass, M, Karshon, U, Lellouch, D, Levinson, L, Mikenberg, G, Revel, D, Arneodo, M, Ayad, R, Capua, M, La Rotonda, L, Liguori, D, Schioppa, M, Susinno, G, Valdata-Nappi, M, Bilokon, H, Chiarella, V, Curatolo, M, 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Pod, E, Sanders, H, Shochet, M, Turcot, A, Cartiglia, N, Cunitz, H, Dodd, J, Gara, A, Leltchouk, M, Parsons, J, Seman, M, Shaevitz, M, Sippach, W, Willis, W, Fortney, LR, Goshaw, AT, Lee, AM, Oh, SH, Robertson, RJ, Wang, CH, Wesson, D, Baker, OK, Feldman, GJ, Franklin, MEB, Huth, J, Oliver, J, Hanson, G, Li, Z, Luehring, F, Ogren, H, Rust, DR, Lankford, AJ, Hackett, C, Pier, S, Schernau, M, Stoker, D, Haridas, P, Osborne, LS, Paradiso, JA, Pless, IA, Taylor, FE, Wadsworth, BF, Abolins, M, Brock, R, Bromberg, C, Edmunds, D, Ermolin, Yu, Gross, S, Huston, J, Laurens, P, Linnemann, J, Miller, R, Owen, D, Pope, BG, Richards, R, Weerts, H, Gold, M, Gorfine, G, Matthews, J, Seidel, S, Khandaker, M, McFarlane, K, Punjabi, V, Salgado, CW, Fortner, M, Sirotenko, V I, Willis, SE, Gutierrez, P, McMahon, T, Nemati, B, Skubic, P, Snow, J, Strauss, M, Dressnandt, N, Keener, P, Newcomer, FM, Van Berg, R, Williams, HH, Cleland, WE, Clemen, M, Bazizi, K, England, D, Ferbel, T, Ginther, G, Glebov, V, 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42. The comparative effects of sports massage, active recovery, and rest in promoting blood lactate clearance after supramaximal leg exercise.

Author

Martin NA, Zoeller RF, Robertson RJ, and Lephart SM

Abstract

Objective: To determine the comparative effect of sports massage, active recovery, and rest on promoting blood lactate clearance after maximal anaerobic (supramaximal) leg exercise. Design and Setting: A counterbalanced experimental design with repeated measures was used. The repeated measures were the three treatment conditions. The order of the conditions was determined by random assignment to a counterbalanced test sequence. All data were collected in the Human Energy Research Laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh. Subjects: Ten male competitive cyclists volunteered for this investigation. Measurements: Serial venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for blood lactate concentration for each test condition. Results: There were significant main effects for both absolute and relative values of blood lactate concentration between the three treatment groups and across time within groups. Conclusions: After supramaximal leg exercise, active recovery produced significant decreases in both absolute and relative measures of blood lactate concentration when compared with the sports massage and rest conditions. No significant difference was found between sports massage and rest for either absolute or relative changes in blood lactate concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998

43. The Use of a Just Noticeable Difference Approach to Improve Perceptual Acuity Ability in Male Runners.

Author

Krause MP, Haile L, Antonio DS, Peres AL, and Robertson RJ

Subjects
Humans, Male, Adult, Exercise Test methods, Physical Exertion physiology, Psychophysics methods, Running physiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology
Abstract

We were interested in micro-variations in an athlete's psychophysical state that separate peak exertion from physiological collapse. Thus, we measured perceptual acuity in runners using a classic psychophysical approach, the just noticeable difference (JND) on two standard stimuli runs at treadmill speed corresponding to 70%VO 2max and 80%VO 2max . Thirty-four male runners ( M age = 35.26, SD = 7.33 years) first performed a maximal treadmill test to determine the speed of a standard exercise bout for the JND trials. The JND trials consisted of four 5-minute running bouts on a treadmill with 5-minute rests between bouts. For bouts 1 and 3, participants ran at the standard stimuli pace, but for bouts 2 and 4, they adjusted their speeds to achieve a level of exertion at a JND above/below the SS. They achieved differences in the final 30 seconds of the VO 2 between each JND bout and the previous standard stimuli at just above (JND-A) and just below (JND-B) the JND perceived exertions. We used a Generalized Linear Model analysis to compare the JND-A and JND-B within and between ventilatory threshold groups (lower/higher) in absolute and relative VO 2 and in terms of the total JND magnitude. The magnitude of JND-A was greater than that of JND-B at 70%VO 2max and 80%VO 2max in absolute units (70%VO 2 Δ = 2.62; SE = 0.37; p < .001; 80%VO 2 Δ = 1.67; SE = 0.44; p = .002) and in relative units (70%VO 2max Δ = 4.70; SE = 0.66; p < .001; 80%VO 2max Δ = 2.96; SE = 0.80; p = .002). The total magnitude was greater in the 70%VO 2max trial than 80%VO 2max in absolute units (70%VO 2 M = 3.78, SE = 0.31 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; 80%VO 2 M = 2.62, SE = 0.37 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; p = .020) and in relative units (70%VO 2max M = 6.57, SE = 0.53%VO 2max ; 80%VO 2max M = 4.71, SE = 0.64%VO 2max ; p = .030). The JND range narrowed when physiologic demand increased, for both physical (speed) and psychological (RPE) variables., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Published
2024
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44. Cross-cultural adaptation and concurrent validity of the children's OMNI scale of perceived exertion for Arm-Crank activity in Spina Bifida.

Author

Bertapelli F, Robertson RJ, Leonardi-Figueiredo MM, Davoli GBQ, Cruz KLT, and Mattiello-Sverzut AC

Subjects
Humans, Child, Female, Male, Adolescent, Brazil, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise Test, Translations, Heart Rate physiology, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Arm, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spinal Dysraphism physiopathology, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Physical Exertion physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the OMNI verbal descriptors to Brazilian-Portuguese and examine the validity of the Brazilian version for arm-crank activity., Materials and Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation stages were: permission, translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, pretesting, and submission and appraisal. For the concurrent validity, a Brazilian OMNI-Wheel scale was used to obtain rating of perceived exertion for the overall body (RPE Overall ) and arms (RPE Arms ) in participants ( n  = 9, 10-17 years) with spina bifida. Cardiopulmonary exercise test was used to measure heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO 2 ). Repeated Measures Correlation ( r rm ) was used to examine the scale validity., Results: The cross-cultural adaptation produced equivalence between English and Brazilian-Portuguese verbal descriptors based on successful translation and pretesting. The Brazilian OMNI-wheel was validated based on strong associations of RPE Overall with VO 2 ( r rm (35) = 0.86, 95% CI [0.93, 0.73], p  < 0.001) and HR ( r rm (35) = 0.89, 95% CI [0.94, 0.79], p  < 0.001) and RPE Arms with VO 2 ( r rm (33) = 0.82, 95% CI [0.91, 0.66], p  < 0.001) and HR ( r rm (33) = 0.82, 95% CI [0.91, 0.66], p  < 0.001)., Conclusions: The OMNI scale was cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian-Portuguese. The Brazilian OMNI-Wheel was validated based on strong associations of RPE with HR and VO 2 . Implications For RehabilitationThe original English OMNI was cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian-Portuguese.A Brazilian wheelchair OMNI was concurrently validated for Arm-Crank Activity in adolescents with spina bifida.This OMNI scale version may aid health providers in monitoring perceived exertion in Brazil.

Published
2024
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45. Reliability and Validity of a Flume-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Swimming Test.

Author

Nagle EF, Nagai T, Beethe A, Lovalekar M, Tuite MS, Beckner ME, Zera JN, Sanders ME, Connaboy C, Abt JP, Beals K, Lephart SM, Robertson RJ, and Nindl BC

Abstract

A mode-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal aerobic uptake (VO 2 max sw ) is vital to accurately evaluate swimming performance. A need exists for reliable and valid swimming protocols that assess VO 2 max sw in a flume environment. The purpose was to assess: (a) reliability and (b) "performance" validity of a VO 2 max sw flume protocol using the 457-m freestyle pool performance swim (PS) test as the criterion. Nineteen males ( n = 9) and females ( n = 10) (age, 28.5 ± 8.3 years.; height, 174.7 ± 8.2 cm; mass, 72.9 ± 12.5 kg; %body fat, 21.4 ± 5.9) performed two flume VO 2 max sw tests (VO 2 max sw A and VO 2 max sw B) and one PS test [457 m (469.4 ± 94.7 s)]. For test-retest reliability (Trials A vs. B), moderately strong relationships were established for VO 2 max sw (mL·kg -1 ·min -1 )(r= 0.628, p = 0.002), O 2 pulse (mL O 2 ·beat -1 )(r = 0.502, p = 0.014), VEmax (L·min -1 ) (r = 0.671, p = 0.001), final test time (sec) (0.608, p = 0.004), and immediate post-test blood lactate (IPE (BLa)) (0.716, p = 0.001). For performance validity, moderately strong relationships ( p < 0.05) were found between VO 2 max sw A (r =-0.648, p = 0.005), O 2 pulse (r= -0.623, p = 0.008), VEmax (r = -0.509 p = 0.037), and 457-m swim times. The swimming flume protocol examined is a reliable and valid assessment of VO 2 max sw., and offers an alternative for military, open water, or those seeking complementary forms of training to improve swimming performance.

Published
2023
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46. When Older Males Sire More Offspring-Increased Attractiveness or Higher Fertility?

Author

Lifjeld JT, Kleven O, Fossøy F, Jacobsen F, Laskemoen T, Rudolfsen G, and Robertson RJ

Abstract

Abstract: In birds with extrapair mating, older males usually have higher fertilization success than younger males. Two hypotheses can potentially explain this pattern: 1) females prefer older, and often more ornamented males, or 2) older males invest more in reproduction and fertility than younger males. Here we studied factors associated with age-related male fertilization success in a population of barn swallows Hirundo rustica in Canada. We document that male fertilization success increased gradually up to a minimum age of four-year old. The age effect was especially strong for the number of extrapair offspring obtained and the occurrence of a second brood. The higher fertilization success of older males was also associated with an early start of breeding in spring. The length of the elongated outermost tail feathers, a postulated male ornament preferred by females, also increased with age (in both sexes), but it was not a significant predictor of male fertilization success within age classes. Male fertility traits, especially testis size, but also sperm motility and sperm velocity, increased significantly across age groups. Our results suggest that the higher fertilization success by older males is due to their higher reproductive investments and that their longer tails are an adaptation to early arrival on the breeding grounds., Significance Statement: The barn swallow is a socially monogamous passerine with extensive extrapair mating. We found that males become more successful in siring both withinpair and extrapair offspring as they become older. Their increased fertilization success was associated with a higher reproductive effort as indicated by larger testes, more motile sperm, and an earlier start of breeding in spring. The length of the outer tail feathers increased with age in both sexes, but long tails did not enhance male fertilization success among males of the same age. Long tails are probably an adaptation to rapid migration and earlier arrival on the breeding grounds. Our findings suggest that the commonly observed age-related increase in male fertilization success in passerine birds is better explained by life history theory than by sexual selection theory., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-022-03170-0., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Published
2022
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47. Population decline in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) linked to climate change and inclement weather on the breeding ground.

Author

Cox AR, Robertson RJ, Rendell WB, and Bonier F

Subjects
Animals, Breeding, Climate Change, Trees, Weather, Swallows
Abstract

Population decline and the threat of extinction are realities currently facing many species. Yet, in most cases, the detailed demographic data necessary to identify causes of population decline are unavailable. Using 43 years (1975-2017) of data from a box-nesting population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), we identified reduced survival of offspring as a probable demographic cause of population decline. Poor fledging success was associated with increased predation and poor weather conditions during early nestling development. Low juvenile survival and subsequent recruitment was linked to poor weather conditions during the post-fledging period and may also be linked to conditions on the wintering grounds. Regional weather conditions during critical stages of breeding (early nestling and post-fledging) have become progressively worse over the 43-year study period. None of the other factors linked to offspring survival have similarly deteriorated. Overall, our results suggest tree swallows should be added to the growing list of species challenged by climate change, and that other species of aerial insect specialists may face similar impacts of climate change.

Published
2020
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48. Affective and metabolic responses to self-selected intensity cycle exercise in young men.

Author

Haile L, Goss FL, Andreacci JL, Nagle EF, and Robertson RJ

Subjects
Ergometry, Exercise Test, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Affect, Choice Behavior physiology, Exercise physiology, Exercise psychology, Oxygen Consumption physiology
Abstract

Self-selected intensity exercise has resulted in greater affective responses (AR) compared to prescribed exercise of similar intensity and many individuals self-select intensity at a moderate level identified by metabolic analysis. As such, self-selected intensity may be an effective alternative for exercise prescription designed to promote adherence and result in health and fitness benefits. Self-selected intensity has not been well described for many subject populations and exercise modes. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to measure affective and metabolic responses during self-selected intensity cycle exercise in college-aged men. Thirty-three men (22.4 ± 2.2 yr) performed a peak oxygen consumption test and a 20 min self-selected trial on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) was measured continuously throughout both exercise sessions. AR were measured using the Feeling Scale and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using the OMNI Scale every 5 min during the self-selected trial. χ 2 analysis was used to determine if a significant proportion of subjects self-selected intensity above 50% VO 2 reserve (VO 2 R), defined as a threshold for moderate-intensity exercise and potential cardiorespiratory fitness benefits by American College of Sports Medicine. Mean self-selected intensity was 57.6 ± 11.1%VO 2 peak and 89.3 ± 20.2% of ventilatory threshold. Twenty eight of 33 subjects self-selected intensity above 50% VO 2 R (p < .05). Self-selected intensity was associated with positive AR (1.8 ± 1.4) and mean RPE of 4.0 ± 1.5. In college-aged men, self-selected intensity cycle exercise was performed at a moderate intensity level and elicited positive AR for most subjects. Therefore, self-selected intensity could be an effective component of an exercise prescription for this population., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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49. Reliability and Validity of a Pool-Based Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test to Examine High-Intensity Short-Duration Freestyle Swimming Performance.

Author

Nagle EF, Nagai T, Beethe AZ, Lovalekar MT, Zera JN, Connaboy C, Abt JP, Beals K, Nindl BC, Robertson RJ, and Lephart SM

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Athletic Performance, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation, Reproducibility of Results, Time Factors, Young Adult, Calorimetry, Indirect methods, Exercise Test methods, Oxygen Consumption, Swimming physiology
Abstract

Nagle, EF, Nagai, T, Beethe, AZ, Lovalekar, MT, Zera, JN, Connaboy, C, Abt, JP, Beals, K, Nindl, BC, Robertson, RJ, and Lephart, SM. Reliability and validity of a pool-based maximal oxygen uptake test to examine high-intensity short-duration freestyle swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1208-1215, 2019-A modality-specific swimming protocol to assess maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw) is essential to accurately prescribe and monitor swimming conditioning programs. Consequently, there is a need for a reliable and valid graded intensity swimming pool test to accurately assess V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw using indirect calorimetry. The purpose of this study was to assess (a) reliability of an intensity self-regulated swimming pool test of V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw and (b) validity of a V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw test using performance swim (PS) time as the criterion. Twenty-nine men (n = 15) and women (n = 14) (age, 23 ± 6.4 years; body mass index, 23.5 ± 3.0 kg·m) performed 2 swimming pool V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw trials (V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw A and V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw B), and 2 PS tests (45.7 m [31.20 ± 4.5 seconds] and 182 m [159.2 ± 25.5 seconds]). For test-retest reliability (trials A vs. B), strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found for V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw (ml·kg·min) (r = 0.899), O2 pulse (ml O2·beat) (r = 0.833), and maximum expired ventilatory volume (L·min) (r = 0.785). For performance validity, moderately strong correlations (p < 0.05) were found between V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw A and 45.7-m (r = -0.543) and 182-m (r = -0.486) swim times. The self-regulated graded intensity swimming pool protocol examined presently is a reliable and valid test of V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw. Studies should consider the suitability of a V[Combining Dot Above]O2maxsw test for military personnel, clinical populations, and injured athletes.

Published
2019
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50. Rainy springs linked to poor nestling growth in a declining avian aerial insectivore ( Tachycineta bicolor).

Author

Cox AR, Robertson RJ, Lendvai ÁZ, Everitt K, and Bonier F

Subjects
Animals, Female, Male, Ontario, Population Dynamics, Rain, Seasons, Swallows growth & development, Reproduction, Swallows physiology, Weather
Abstract

As species shift their ranges and phenology to cope with climate change, many are left without a ready supply of their preferred food source during critical life stages. Food shortages are often assumed to be driven by reduced total food abundance, but here we propose that climate change may cause short-term food shortages for foraging specialists without affecting overall food availability. We frame this hypothesis around the special case of birds that forage on flying insects for whom effects mediated by their shared food resource have been proposed to cause avian aerial insectivores' decline worldwide. Flying insects are inactive during cold, wet or windy conditions, effectively reducing food availability to zero even if insect abundance remains otherwise unchanged. Using long-term monitoring data from a declining population of tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor), we show that nestlings' body mass declined substantially from 1977 to 2017. In 2017, nestlings had lower body mass if it rained during the preceding 3 days, though females increased provisioning rates, potentially in an attempt to compensate. Adult body mass, particularly that of the males, has also declined over the long-term study. Mean rainfall during the nestling period has increased by 9.3 ± 0.3 mm decade -1 , potentially explaining declining nestling body mass and population declines. Therefore, we suggest that reduced food availability, distinct from food abundance, may be an important and previously overlooked consequence of climate change, which could be affecting populations of species that specialize on foraging on flying insects.

Published
2019
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