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About half of all cancers have somatic integrations of retrotransposons. Here, to characterize their role in oncogenesis, we analyzed the patterns and mechanisms of somatic retrotransposition in 2,954 cancer genomes from 38 histological cancer subtypes within the framework of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project. We identified 19,166 somatically acquired retrotransposition events, which affected 35% of samples and spanned a range of event types. Long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1; L1 hereafter) insertions emerged as the first most frequent type of somatic structural variation in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and the second most frequent in head-and-neck and colorectal cancers. Aberrant L1 integrations can delete megabase-scale regions of a chromosome, which sometimes leads to the removal of tumor-suppressor genes, and can induce complex translocations and large-scale duplications. Somatic retrotranspositions can also initiate breakage–fusion–bridge cycles, leading to high-level amplification of oncogenes. These observations illuminate a relevant role of L1 retrotransposition in remodeling the cancer genome, with potential implications for the development of human tumors., An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

International audience; Caribbean communities were mobile long before European colonization and their modes of production and culture were evolving by frequent exchanges among the Caribbean islanders and the Northern coast of South America. However, the region has not fully benefited by the advent of the five Technological Revolutions since 1771. Moreover, in the last two decades of the XX century, the Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were severely affected by the migration of their tertiary educated population towards the developed world, a trend that continues today.Bibliometric approaches have been used to identify not only the brain drain, but also how the contemporary knowledge is created through the international network of scientific collaboration. In this study we use the Scopus bibliographic database to analyse the scientific output and international collaboration of the 13 Caribbean SIDS in the period between 2000 and 2018. The main scientific collaborator of the region as a country is United States, except for Cuba, which is Spain. Consequently, North America, Europe and the Caribbean islands share the higher proportion of co-authoring articles. In terms of institutional representation, the University of West Indies has, in aggregate, the highest output with 11,497 documents from 11 out of 13 SIDS. The main contributor as a country is Jamaica (5018), followed by Trinidad and Tobago. A group of high output academic institutions are University of Havana (4979), followed by Universidad Central de Las Villas, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri and the Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, all of them in Cuba and with no significant collaboration with the rest of the region.In previous bibliometric studies we found that the scientists working abroad has the potential to become agents for development of the home country and region, diversifying the scientific collaboration.

International audience; Caribbean communities were mobile long before European colonization and their modes of production and culture were evolving by frequent exchanges among the Caribbean islanders and the Northern coast of South America. However, the region has not fully benefited by the advent of the five Technological Revolutions since 1771. Moreover, in the last two decades of the XX century, the Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were severely affected by the migration of their tertiary educated population towards the developed world, a trend that continues today.Bibliometric approaches have been used to identify not only the brain drain, but also how the contemporary knowledge is created through the international network of scientific collaboration. In this study we use the Scopus bibliographic database to analyse the scientific output and international collaboration of the 13 Caribbean SIDS in the period between 2000 and 2018. The main scientific collaborator of the region as a country is United States, except for Cuba, which is Spain. Consequently, North America, Europe and the Caribbean islands share the higher proportion of co-authoring articles. In terms of institutional representation, the University of West Indies has, in aggregate, the highest output with 11,497 documents from 11 out of 13 SIDS. The main contributor as a country is Jamaica (5018), followed by Trinidad and Tobago. A group of high output academic institutions are University of Havana (4979), followed by Universidad Central de Las Villas, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri and the Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, all of them in Cuba and with no significant collaboration with the rest of the region.In previous bibliometric studies we found that the scientists working abroad has the potential to become agents for development of the home country and region, diversifying the scientific collaboration.