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2. Media Cloud: Massive Open Source Collection of Global News on the Open Web

Author

Roberts, Hal, Bhargava, Rahul, Valiukas, Linas, Jen, Dennis, Malik, Momin M., Bishop, Cindy, Ndulue, Emily, Dave, Aashka, Clark, Justin, Etling, Bruce, Faris, Rob, Shah, Anushka, Rubinovitz, Jasmin, Hope, Alexis, D'Ignazio, Catherine, Bermejo, Fernando, Benkler, Yochai, and Zuckerman, Ethan

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Computer Science - Computers and Society, J.4, H.3.5, J.7, J.5, K.4.1
Abstract

We present the first full description of Media Cloud, an open source platform based on crawling hyperlink structure in operation for over 10 years, that for many uses will be the best way to collect data for studying the media ecosystem on the open web. We document the key choices behind what data Media Cloud collects and stores, how it processes and organizes these data, and its open API access as well as user-facing tools. We also highlight the strengths and limitations of the Media Cloud collection strategy compared to relevant alternatives. We give an overview two sample datasets generated using Media Cloud and discuss how researchers can use the platform to create their own datasets., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted (minus the 3-page, 3-image appendix given here) for publication and forthcoming in Proceedings of the Fifteenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-2021)

Published
2021

3. Network Propaganda

Author

Benkler, Yochai, Farris, Robert, and Roberts, Hal

Subjects
American presidential politics, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
Abstract

"Is social media destroying democracy? Are Russian propaganda or ""Fake news"" entrepreneurs on Facebook undermining our sense of a shared reality? A conventional wisdom has emerged since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 that new technologies and their manipulation by foreign actors played a decisive role in his victory and are responsible for the sense of a ""post-truth"" moment in which disinformation and propaganda thrives. Network Propaganda challenges that received wisdom through the most comprehensive study yet published on media coverage of American presidential politics from the start of the election cycle in April 2015 to the one year anniversary of the Trump presidency. Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage of immigration, Clinton scandals, and the Trump Russia investigation, the book finds that the right-wing media ecosystem operates fundamentally differently than the rest of the media environment. The authors argue that longstanding institutional, political, and cultural patterns in American politics interacted with technological change since the 1970s to create a propaganda feedback loop in American conservative media. This dynamic has marginalized centre-right media and politicians, radicalized the right wing ecosystem, and rendered it susceptible to propaganda efforts, foreign and domestic. For readers outside the United States, the book offers a new perspective and methods for diagnosing the sources of, and potential solutions for, the perceived global crisis of democratic politics."

Published
2018
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4. Proceedings from the 9th annual conference on the science of dissemination and implementation

Author

Chambers, David, Simpson, Lisa, Neta, Gila, Schwarz, Ulrica von Thiele, Percy-Laurry, Antoinette, Aarons, Gregory A, Brownson, Ross, Vogel, Amanda, Stirman, Shannon Wiltsey, Sherr, Kenneth, Sturke, Rachel, Norton, Wynne E, Varley, Allyson, Vinson, Cynthia, Klesges, Lisa, Heurtin-Roberts, Suzanne, Massoud, M Rashad, Kimble, Leighann, Beck, Arne, Neely, Claire, Boggs, Jennifer, Nichols, Carmel, Wan, Wen, Staab, Erin, Laiteerapong, Neda, Moise, Nathalie, Shah, Ravi, Essock, Susan, Handley, Margaret, Jones, Amy, Carruthers, Jay, Davidson, Karina, Peccoralo, Lauren, Sederer, Lloyd, Molfenter, Todd, Scudder, Ashley, Taber-Thomas, Sarah, Schaffner, Kristen, Herschell, Amy, Woodward, Eva, Pitcock, Jeffery, Ritchie, Mona, Kirchner, JoAnn, Moore, Julia E, Khan, Sobia, Rashid, Shusmita, Park, Jamie, Courvoisier, Melissa, Straus, Sharon, Blonigen, Daniel, Rodriguez, Allison, Manfredi, Luisa, Nevedal, Andrea, Rosenthal, Joel, Smelson, David, Timko, Christine, Stadnick, Nicole, Regan, Jennifer, Barnett, Miya, Lau, Anna, Brookman-Frazee, Lauren, Guerrero, Erick, Fenwick, Karissa, Kong, Yinfei, Aarons, Gregory, Lengnick-Hall, Rebecca, Henwood, Benjamin, Sayer, Nina, Rosen, Craig, Orazem, Robert, Smith, Brandy, Zimmerman, Lindsey, Lounsbury, David, Kimerling, Rachel, Trafton, Jodie A, Lindley, Steven, Bhargava, Rahul, Roberts, Hal, Gibson, Laura, Escobar, Gabriel J, Liu, Vincent, Turk, Benjamin, Ragins, Arona, Kipnis, Patricia, Gruszkowski, Ashley Ketterer, Kennedy, Michael W, Drobek, Emily Rentschler, Turgeman, Lior, Milicevic, Aleksandra Sasha, Hubert, Terrence L, Myaskovsky, Larissa, Tjader, Youxu C, Monte, Robert J, Sapnas, Kathryn G, and Ramly, Edmond

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Information and Computing Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Health Policy & Services, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Published
2017

5. Vaccine Hesitancy and Online Information: The Influence of Digital Networks

Author

Getman, Rebekah, Helmi, Mohammad, Roberts, Hal, Yansane, Alfa, Cutler, David, and Seymour, Brittany

Abstract

Aims: This article analyzes the digital childhood vaccination information network for vaccine-hesitant parents. The goal of this study was to explore the structure and influence of vaccine-hesitant content online by generating a database and network analysis of vaccine-relevant content. Method: We used Media Cloud, a searchable big-data platform of over 550 million stories from 50,000 media sources, for quantitative and qualitative study of an online media sample based on keyword selection. We generated a hyperlink network map and measured indegree centrality of the sources and vaccine sentiment for a random sample of 450 stories. Results. 28,122 publications from 4,817 sources met inclusion criteria. Clustered communities formed based on shared hyperlinks; communities tended to link within, not among, each other. The plurality of information was provaccine (46.44%, 95% confidence interval [39.86%, 53.20%]). The most influential sources were in the health community (National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) or mainstream media ("New York Times"); some user-generated sources also had strong influence and were provaccine (Wikipedia). The vaccine-hesitant community rarely interacted with provaccine content and simultaneously used primary provaccine content within vaccine-hesitant narratives. Conclusion: The sentiment of the overall conversation was consistent with scientific evidence. These findings demonstrate an online environment where scientific evidence online drives vaccine information outside of the vaccine-hesitant community but is also prominently used and misused within the robust vaccine-hesitant community. Future communication efforts should take current context into account; more information may not prevent vaccine hesitancy.

Published
2018
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7. Network Propaganda

Author

Farris, Robert, Roberts, Hal, and Benkler, Yochai

Subjects
Political Science
Abstract

"Is social media destroying democracy? Are Russian propaganda or ""Fake news"" entrepreneurs on Facebook undermining our sense of a shared reality? A conventional wisdom has emerged since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 that new technologies and their manipulation by foreign actors played a decisive role in his victory and are responsible for the sense of a ""post-truth"" moment in which disinformation and propaganda thrives. Network Propaganda challenges that received wisdom through the most comprehensive study yet published on media coverage of American presidential politics from the start of the election cycle in April 2015 to the one year anniversary of the Trump presidency. Analysing millions of news stories together with Twitter and Facebook shares, broadcast television and YouTube, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the architecture of contemporary American political communications. Through data analysis and detailed qualitative case studies of coverage of immigration, Clinton scandals, and the Trump Russia investigation, the book finds that the right-wing media ecosystem operates fundamentally differently than the rest of the media environment. The authors argue that longstanding institutional, political, and cultural patterns in American politics interacted with technological change since the 1970s to create a propaganda feedback loop in American conservative media. This dynamic has marginalized centre-right media and politicians, radicalized the right wing ecosystem, and rendered it susceptible to propaganda efforts, foreign and domestic. For readers outside the United States, the book offers a new perspective and methods for diagnosing the sources of, and potential solutions for, the perceived global crisis of democratic politics."

Published
2018

19. Conclusion

Author

Benkler, Yochai, primary, Faris, Robert, additional, and Roberts, Hal, additional

Published
2018
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20. The Fox Diet

Author

Benkler, Yochai, primary, Faris, Robert, additional, and Roberts, Hal, additional

Published
2018
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23. Media Cloud: Massive Open Source Collection of Global News on the Open Web

Author

Roberts, Hal, primary, Bhargava, Rahul, additional, Valiukas, Linas, additional, Jen, Dennis, additional, Malik, Momin M., additional, Bishop, Cindy Sherman, additional, Ndulue, Emily B., additional, Dave, Aashka, additional, Clark, Justin, additional, Etling, Bruce, additional, Faris, Robert, additional, Shah, Anushka, additional, Rubinovitz, Jasmin, additional, Hope, Alexis, additional, D'Ignazio, Catherine, additional, Bermejo, Fernando, additional, Benkler, Yochai, additional, and Zuckerman, Ethan, additional

Published
2021
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30. Digital Health Communication and Global Public Influence: A Study of the Ebola Epidemic

Author

Program in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Civic Media, Roberts, Hal, Seymour, Brittany, Fish, Sands Alden, Robinson, Emily, Zuckerman, Ethan, Program in Media Arts and Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Civic Media, Roberts, Hal, Seymour, Brittany, Fish, Sands Alden, Robinson, Emily, and Zuckerman, Ethan

Abstract

Scientists and health communication professionals expressed frustration over the relationship between misinformation circulating on the Internet and global public perceptions of and responses to the Ebola epidemic originating in West Africa. Using the big data platform Media Cloud, we analyzed all English-language stories about keyword “Ebola” published from 1 July 2014 to 17 November 2014 from the media sets U.S. Mainstream Media, U.S. Regional Media, U.S. Political Blogs, U.S. Popular Blogs, Europe Media Monitor, and Global Voices to understand how social network theory and models of the networked global public may have contributed to health communication efforts. 109,400 stories met our inclusion criteria. The CDC and WHO were the two media sources with the most inlinks (hyperlinks directed to their sites). Twitter was fourth Significantly more public engagement on social media globally was directed toward stories about risks of U.S. domestic Ebola infections than toward stories focused on Ebola infections in West Africa or on science-based information. Corresponding public sentiments about Ebola were reflected in the policy responses of the international community, including violations of the International Health Regulations and the treatment of potentially exposed individuals. The digitally networked global public may have influenced the discourse, sentiment, and response to the Ebola epidemic.

Published
2019

32. Connected OFCity: Technology Innovations for a Smart City Project

Author

Tucker, Rod, Ruffini, Marco, Valcarenghi, Luca, Campelo, Divanilson R., Simeonidou, Dimitra, Du, Liang, Marinescu, Maria-Cristina, Middleton, Catherine, Yin, Shuang, Forde, Tim, Bourg, Kevin, Dai, Eugene, Harstead, Ed, Chanclou, Philippe, Roberts, Hal, Jungnickel, Voker, Yadav, Rajesh, Vetter, Peter, Khotimsky, Denis A., Figuerola, Sergi, and Takahara, Tomoo

Subjects
Smart Cities, Software Defined Networking, 621.3 - Enginyeria elèctrica. Electrotècnia. Telecomunicacions, Optical Communications
Abstract

Around the world, municipalities have been making substantial investments into broadband access infrastructure to accelerate the build-out of an urban phenomenon that has become known as a smart or connected city. At the 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference, a team contest, the Connected OFCity Challenge, was held to discuss the technological innovations and to examine dependencies and intricacies of a connected city project. The participants, four teams of experts coming from a cross-section of the industry, presented and defended their visions of future applications and innovative architecture and technologies to realize the interconnection. This paper provides a synthesis of the four competitive proposals offered for the contest and their ensuing discussions.

Published
2017

34. Networks for Future Services in a Smart City: Lessons Learned from the Connected OFCity Challenge 2017

Author

Lavery, Domanic, primary, Ruffini, Marco, additional, Valcarenghi, Luca, additional, Yoshimoto, Naoto, additional, Pfeiffer, Thomas, additional, Hood, Dave, additional, Zhang, Junwen, additional, King, Daniel, additional, Roberts, Hal, additional, Yadav, Rajesh, additional, Sambo, Nicola, additional, Tacca, Marco, additional, Fichera, Silvia, additional, Tecchia, Franco, additional, Carrozzino, Marcello, additional, Wong, Elaine, additional, Cheng, Ning, additional, Yoshida, Yuki, additional, Khotimsky, Denis, additional, and Wey, Jun Shan, additional

Published
2018
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37. Connected OFCity: Technology Innovations for a Smart City Project [Invited]

Author

Tucker, Rod, primary, Ruffini, Marco, additional, Valcarenghi, Luca, additional, Campelo, Divanilson R., additional, Simeonidou, Dimitra, additional, Du, Liang, additional, Marinescu, Maria-Cristina, additional, Middleton, Catherine, additional, Yin, Shuang, additional, Forde, Tim, additional, Bourg, Kevin, additional, Dai, Eugene, additional, Harstead, Ed, additional, Chanclou, Philippe, additional, Roberts, Hal, additional, Jungnickel, Volker, additional, Figuerola, Sergi, additional, Takahara, Tomoo, additional, Yadav, Rajesh, additional, Vetter, Peter, additional, Khotimsky, Denis A., additional, and Wey, Jun Shan, additional

Published
2017
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41. The Self-Monitoring HFC Network

Author

Roberts, Hal and Mitchell, Bill

Subjects
Cable television/data services, Online services, Computer network equipment industry, LAN monitor, Cable modem, Cable television broadcasting industry -- Innovations -- Product information, Cable television -- Product information -- Innovations, Network analyzers -- Product information -- Innovations, Online services -- Product information -- Innovations, Cable modems -- Product information -- Innovations, Computer network equipment industry -- Product information
Abstract

Deploying new services gives MSOs a side benefit: a free RF monitoring system. In the not-too-distant past, MSOs (multiple system operators) relied on the customer to monitor network outages, a […]

Published
2000

50. The Role of the Networked Public Sphere in the U.S. Net Neutrality Policy Debate.

Author

FARIS, ROBERT, ROBERTS, HAL, ETLING, BRUCE, OTHMAN, DALIA, and BENKLER, YOCHAI

Subjects
NETWORK neutrality, GOVERNMENT policy on the Internet, COMMUNICATION policy, DEBATE
Abstract

This article examines the public debate over net neutrality in the United States in 2014. We compiled, mapped, and analyzed more than 15,600 stories published on net neutrality, augmented by data from Twitter, Bitly, and Google Trends. Using a mixedmethods approach that combines link analysis with qualitative content analysis, we describe the evolution of the debate over time and assess the role, reach, and influence of different media sources and advocacy groups. By three different measures, we find that the pro-net neutrality forces decisively won the online public debate and translated this into a successful social mobilization effort. We conclude that a diverse set of actors working in conjunction through the networked public sphere played a pivotal role in turning around the Federal Communications Commission policy on net neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

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