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In this paper, we consider the problem of computing the minimum number of colors needed to properly color the edges of a complete graph on $n$ vertices so that there are no pair of vertex-disjoint triangles colored with the same colors. This problem was introduced recently (in a more general context) by Conlon and Tyomkyn, and the corresponding value was known for odd $n$. We compute this number for another infinite set of values of $n$, and discuss some small cases.

COVID-19 has been the most important pandemic that hit the world in the last century An overwhelming number of initiatives aimed to save lives and protect humanity came out especially at the beginning of the health crisis, following an outside the box approach to address relevant R&D problems Digital makers, not surprisingly, have been part of the game Being masters in using digital technologies for customized products, and being strategically fitted to cope with the imperative to be fast, many of the players on the front line to fight the pandemic have looked at them as the ‘providers next to the door’ able to offer fast solutions to critical problems Based on these premises and adopting frugal innovation as theoretical base, the aim of the study is to analyze how digital makers have taken part in R&D processes to find solutions to the problems created by an exogenous and unexpected sanitary problem Through an in-depth case study, we provide insights on if and how frugal approach to innovation is adapt to cope with the extraordinary pressure coming from event like the COVID-19 The results of the study highlight the power of connecting frugal innovation principles, agile mindset of makers and open innovation strategies in providing effective solutions on a local scale and eventually exploit their potential global impact Furthermore, we highlight implications and pathways for future researches © 2021 RADMA and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

The innovation chain of the pharmaceutical industry is more and more complex. In particular, a new type of players, the start-ups founded by researchers (Academic Start-ups) have proven to be particularly effective in the first steps of exploring new, radically innovative technologies. These small start-ups miss the financial resources and the industrial experience necessary to embark in the later stage of technologies’ development. To overcome these limits, what academic start-ups require the most is a collaborative linkage with large biotech and pharma companies. To such end, Business Development Professionals are offering their services to academic start-ups, to set up a collaborative linkage with potential partners. Our article investigates the process of engagement between Academic Start-ups and Business Development Professionals and in particular, we focus on the factors that influence collaboration between the two actors. In order to investigate the development process of collaboration we conducted an exploratory study trough the submission of a semi-structured questionnaire covering different aspects of the engagement process to a sample of business professionals. The study provide first evidences about the main factors that prevent the development of collaborations and provides some suggestions to overcome the challenges that both parts found in the collaboration process.

Professore ordinario di Economia e Gestione delle Imprese presso la Facolta di Economia dell’Universita degli Studi di Salerno. A questa Universita ha dedicato la gran parte del suo impegno accademico, che lo ha portato a divenire prima Direttore del Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche Aziendali e poi Preside della Facolta di Economia. Ha profuso impegno ed entusiasmo per l’organizzazione della didattica, presiedendo l’Area Didattica e coordinando in diverse occasioni la riformulazione dell’offerta formativa. In tale difficile attivita ha sempre posto al centro l’interesse degli studenti. Nella sua lunga carriera ha coltivato e seguito un gruppo numeroso di allievi, incoraggiandoli a studiare le Amministrazioni e le Aziende Pubbliche. Questo e stato il suo campo di ricerca preferito, che ha promosso sul piano scientifico nazionale ed internazionale animando una comunita di colleghi. E stato condirettore della rivista Azienda Pubblica, membro del comitato scientifico di Azienditalia e Presidente di Svimap (Network Universitario per lo Sviluppo del Management nell’Area Pubblica). Presso l’Universita degli Studi di Salerno ha istituito e diretto prima la Scuola di Specializzazione in Economia e Diritto della Pubblica Amministrazione e poi il Dottorato di ricerca in Economia e Direzione delle Aziende Pubbliche, divenendone il primo coordinatore. Successivamente, con passione e attingendo ad una vasta rete di relazioni, ha avviato e diretto il Master in General Management della Pubblica Amministrazione. Tutti questi sforzi sono culminati nell’istituzione del Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca e l’alta formazione nella Pubblica Amministrazione (CIRPA), del quale ha assunto la direzione. L’impegno nel campo della ricerca sulle aziende ed amministrazioni pubbliche e stato quindi totale e contraddistinto da uno spiccato interesse per le ricadute pratiche della stessa, con l’intento di valorizzarne la capacita d’incidere significativamente nella vita sociale.Non a caso il suo impegno lo ha portato a dirigere per oltre dieci anni anche l’ISMEZ (Istituto di Studi e Ricerche sul Settore Terziario) di Salerno.Per stimolare quello che oggi definiremmo “public engagement”, ha diretto per lungo tempo la Collana di Studi sulle Imprese di Pubblici Servizi edita dalla Cedam di Padova. La sua attivita scientifica e stata appassionata durante tutta la carriera. Scorrendo le sue pubblicazioni scientifiche, si riscontra in maniera chiara la volonta di sviluppare le sue idee in sintonia con i suoi allievi, che ha sempre coinvolto nei suoi lavori. Ha molto amato l’Ateneo di Salerno, che ha contributo a sviluppare. Si e preoccupato di far crescere tutte le aree e non ha mai pensato nemmeno una volta di cercare una vita piu semplice in una sede piu vicina.Il legame con un gruppo di allievi e anche un legame personale, che inevitabilmente porta a condividere le gioie, i successi accademici e a volte qualche delusione. Il sacrifico, la tenacia, la passione sono i valori di cui era portatore, che oggi rappresentano una grande eredita per i suoi allievi. Lascia il ricordo del maestro e dell’uomo che ha amato circondarsi di giovani e che ha voluto festeggiare con tutti noi i suoi 80 anni. E questo il ricordo piu vicino del professore Renato Mele, il ricordo di un sorriso lieto e soddisfatto in un momento di festa e di celebrazione dei tanti affetti coltivati durante la sua carriera.In questi casi dire “grazie” puo sembrare banale, ma “grazie” probabilmente e la parola piu giusta per esprimere il sentimento in questo momento che ci vede sicuramente piu soli nell’affrontare le sfide quotidiane. Grazie per aver pensato ai tuoi allievi, soprattutto quelli piu giovani, come fa un buon padre: fino alla fine!

The Journal of Small Business Management (JSBM) and the International Council for Small Business (ICSB), in collaboration with a team of leading Humane Entrepreneurship researchers, are pleased to ...

Aneurysmal dissection of the internal carotid artery in the cavernous segment is an uncommon lesion, as well as the association with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its description is related to direct or indirect trauma of the neck region. We report on a 26 year-old male patient who presented in the imediate postoperative after an orthognathic surgery with paralysis the right ocular cranial nerves (IIIº °, IVº ° and VIº°) with ophthalmoplegia, without chemosis or proptosis and with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the cranial tomography. Angiography disclosed a dissecting aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery in the cavernous segment, presenting with rebleeding during his evolution. The therapeutic option was arterial embolization with platinum microcoils. After extensive literature review, endovascular treatment was suggested.

Objectives: Symptomatic intracranial atheromatous disease has an unfavorable prognosis. The endovascular treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) stent assisted must be held in accordance with the efficacy, safety, complications and the risk of restenosis in the long term. Materials and methods: A study conducted between 1996 and 2008, includes 28 patients with 30 cases of stenosis located in the internal carotid artery (11), basilar artery (14) and vertebral artery (5). All cases were symptomatic even under anticoagulation treatment and the stenosis grade > 60% (average 83.5%). Results: There was a significant reduction in the degree of stenosis (less than 50%), with an average residual stenosis of 36.8%. There were two complications, with reperfusion bruising (6.6%). In the long term monitoring, we found a single case of restenosis and no patient had a transient or permanent ischemic stroke. Conclusion: The treatment of intracranial stenosis with stentassisted angioplasty is effective, with a low complication rate and restenosis in this series.

This paper proposes a new theory called Humane Entrepreneurship (HumEnt) and identifies areas for future development of knowledge. The new theory integrates in the Entrepreneurial Strategic Posture...

Although the theme of academic spin‐off has received increasing consideration in entrepreneurship literature, little attention has been devoted to identifying the factors that drive young researche...

In the last years, universities have assumed a prominent role in the science and technology-based economic development. The concept of entrepreneurial university, a key concept in the triple helix model developed by Etzkowitz, identifies the evolution of the university role with the addition to the traditional missions of university (education and research) of a third mission that is to contribute to the economic development through the transfer of research results from the laboratory to the economic system. The objective of the research is to analyze how universities are implementing this new mission and investigate factors affecting their entrepreneurial orientation. More specifically, our paper aims to investigate the existence of a relationship among the entrepreneurial orientation of university and some factors representing the internal and external context in which the university is involved.

Humane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) is a new model of entrepreneurship in which the attention that firms have traditionally paid to business is integrated with care for the following: firm members, th...

The financial market despite being hit by the digital revolution has only recently reached the segment of direct investments on the part of non-professional investors in new ventures. Through equity crowdfunding platforms, in particular, capital demand and supply for startups are easily linked, thus bringing thousands of new investors to the financial market. This study examines equity crowdfunding investor drivers when selecting investment proposals. Specifically, we segment the Italian equity crowdfunding investors’ market by means of a cluster analysis and explore differences between segments in terms of socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Based on previous studies, six drivers (pertaining to three macro dimensions) were chosen for the segmentation of equity crowdfunding investors: confidence in team, confidence in venture, financial pledge and project attractiveness, platform characteristics, community driver, societal driver. The cluster analysis yielded four clusters we labeled: (1) venture trustful; (2) crowdfunding technicians; (3) financial investors, talent scouters; (4) social dreamers. In order to further specify the profile of the four clusters, each one was cross-tabulated with external variables of crowdfunding investors’ socio-economic characteristics and behavioral variables. Understanding, by means of a fine-grain lens, the differences between these new digital investors offers practical insights for crowd-equity platform management or for would-be entrepreneurs seeking funds. Finally, implications on future research streams on crowdfunding are discussed.

Obiettivo del paper e verificare se alcuni dei fattori, che tradizionalmente sono stati ritenuti determinanti nel processo di trasformazione in senso aziendale della pubblica amministrazione e che in Italia hanno caratterizzato molte riforme, hanno realmente determinato un incremento della utilita percepita verso la strumentazione manageriale. Si e ipotizzato che i fattori che influenzano la percezione dell’utilita della strumentazione manageriale (definita per semplicita espositiva utilita della strumentazione), siano la responsabilizzazione, la premialita e la percezione dell’esistenza di un reale sistema di controllo/sanzione nonche la modalita definizione dell’obiettivo. Il test delle ipotesi e avvenuto sui dirigenti (di prima e seconda fascia) dei ministeri. I risultati evidenziano notevoli criticita rispetto ai tentativi di managerializzazione "per decreto" e gettano ombre rispetto alla efficacia della "Brunetta" in assenza di interventi che modifichino realmente la percezione dei dirigenti.

The endovascular treatment of spontaneous dural cavernous sinus fistula (DAVF) can be accomplished by arterial approach, just with symptoms relief, or by numerous venous approaches through the inferior petrosal sinus, ophthalmic vein, anterior or posterior intercavernous sinus and facial vein. Our case suggests the approach to the cavernous sinus via the foramen ovale and emissary veins puncture as an alternative when there is no possibility of venous approach conventionally described. A 76-year-old woman presented with right conjunctival hyperemia, exophthalmos, intraocular pressure increasing and visual deficits in a period of six months. Angiographic diagnosis of spontaneous DAVF isolated from the cavernous sinus, Barrow Type C, with exclusive venous drainage through the superior ophthalmic vein. Endovascular treatment was performed under general anesthesia. Attempts to approach the cavernous sinus through the inferior petrosal sinus ipsilateral and contralateral intercavernous, facial vein and pterygoid plexus, as well as by dissection and direct puncture of the superior ophthalmic vein were not possible. An approach to the cavernous sinus was performed by puncturing the foramen ovale, catheterization of the emissary vein of the foramen ovale with occlusion of the fistula with microcoils. There was a symptomatic regression with gradual normalization of intraocular pressure, exophthalmos and conjunctival hyperemia in three months. The approach to the cavernous sinus through the foramen ovale and catheterization of the emissary cranial skull base vein is an exception and should be considered in cases of spontaneous and isolated DAVF not accessible by a conventional approach.

This paper reports an investigation of governance issues in Italian academic spin-offs that arise from the need to balance the powers of two categories of partner: academic inventors and external investors (such as established companies and venture capital funds). The relationship between inventors and external investors, jointly pursuing a research-based entrepreneurial opportunity, provides an interesting case for the application of the agency theory construct to define adequate corporate governance procedures. The paper has two main objectives: to analyse the governance models adopted by academic spin-offs and to ascertain whether the very nature of entrepreneurial opportunity, and the associated uncertainties that a new venture faces, influence the choice of the governance model adopted. A sample group of 30 Italian academic spin-offs is analysed and three different governance models, inventor-led spin-offs, mixed-led spin-offs and investor-led spin-offs, are defined.

Purpose of the paper: This paper proposes a framework based on the concept of value-in-use generation for both stakeholders and companies. From a managerial perspective, value-in-use offers a useful tool to define strategies in the context of growing demand for corporate behaviours that demonstrate awareness and respect for the needs of all individuals. Methodology : Theoretical paper. Findings : The paper contributes to management studies by introducing a fresh insight on strategic analysis and through the concept of integrated value-in-use proposes an alternative model to interpret reality, which integrates the perspectives of management and marketing. Research limits : The main limits of this paper are its theoretical nature and lack of empirical research. Practical implications : This paper contributes to managerial practices by proposing a framework to support strategic analysis and positioning choices within markets and networks. Originality of the paper : This paper contributes to the debate on business strategy by providing the innovative concept of “integrated value-in-use” as a criterion for business choices, especially strategic ones.

The incidence and death rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have increased in recent years, therefore the identification of novel targets for treatment is extremely important. Interactions between cancer and stromal cells are critically involved in tumour formation and development of metastasis. Here we report that PDAC cells secrete BAG3, which binds and activates macrophages, inducing their activation and the secretion of PDAC supporting factors. We also identify IFITM-2 as a BAG3 receptor and show that it signals through PI3K and the p38 MAPK pathways. Finally, we show that the use of an anti-BAG3 antibody results in reduced tumour growth and prevents metastasis formation in three different mouse models. In conclusion, we identify a paracrine loop involved in PDAC growth and metastatic spreading, and show that an anti-BAG3 antibody has therapeutic potential.

Academic spin-offs, i.e., new venture projects backed by one or more researchers, are attracting increasing attention by researchers and policy makers as an effective way to increase the rate of technology transfer from Public Research Organizations (PROs) to the business environment. With the aim of supporting technology transfer processes, in the last years, many universities have carry out specific policies and a wide range of programs addressed to the development of academic entrepreneurship. Among these, the organization of a start-up competition is rather popular. But, how effective do such activities result, in particular the start-up competitions, in supporting academic researchers toward entrepreneurship? Are these kinds of initiatives able to raise the level of the reputation of academic entrepreneurial projects? If so, would such social capital have any real impact on the entrepreneurial development of academic spin-off? Is this social capital able to improve the spin-off’s ability to gain access to and acquire an initial stock of resources? Our exploratory research, following the emerging paradigm of the Quadruple-Helix Model, takes into consideration the mediating role of Media players in building visibility and reputation of nascent entrepreneurial projects from academia. The study that we performed is based on the results of web citations of business projects that won at least one prize awarded by an academic start-up competition. We consider the 2013 edition of the Italian universities business plan competitions (PNI), and we tried to measure the visibility and the reputation effect experienced by winners of local and national steps of the business plan competition. Implications of the study might be that investing in start-up competition is a useful mechanism to gain in visibility and might be useful as an ignition mechanism to start a positive entrepreneurship discourse about academic spin-offs among stakeholders that control access to valuable resources for them.