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O estudo taxonômico de Hydroleaceae é aqui apresentado como parte do projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. A família está representada na área por uma espécie: Hydrolea spinosa L., para a qual apresentamos uma descrição, ilustração, além de comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica, habitat e fenologia.

O estudo da família Lacistemataceae está incluído no projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. A família está representada na área por apenas uma espécie, Lacistema pubescens Mart. Apresentamos descrição, ilustração e comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica e aspectos ecológicos da espécie.

Chionanthus monteazulensis Zavatin & Lombardi, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Monte Azul, Serra dos Marombas, 15.138ºS, 42.785ºW, 1165 m, 4 October 2022, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1015 (holotype SPF!, isotypes: HRCB!, P!). Chionanthus monteazulensis is morphologically similar to Chionanthus fluminensis (Miers 1851: 198) Green (1994: 278) by the subsessile leaves with cordate base, but differs by the two stamens (vs. four), by the smaller blades, by the orbicular or wide-elliptic blades (vs. elliptic), by the inflorescence size (6–13 mm vs. 2–5 cm), by the smaller petals (4–7 × 0.7–0.8 mm vs. 10.2–11.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm) and the smaller fruit (2–3 mm vs. 2–3 cm). Shrub ca. 1 m tall; young branches strigulose, covered by whitish simple trichomes; multiple small lenticels conspicuous in older branches; leaves opposite, exstipulate; subsessile, petiole 1–2 mm long, strigulose; blade (1–)1.8–2.9 × (1.2–)1.7–1.9(–2.9) cm, wide-elliptic to orbicular, base cordate, apex obcordate to truncate, with short mucro, entire with yellow margin, glabrous on adaxial side, sparsely strigulose on the midbrid on the abaxial side, coriaceous, the venation pinnate, yellow, with 4–5 pairs of secondary veins and 5–6 pairs of tufted domatia in the angles of secondary veins and midrib on the abaxial side, midrib slightly impressed on the adaxial side and prominent on the abaxial side, secondary veins plane to slightly prominent on adaxial side, slightly prominent on the abaxial side, tertiary veins inconspicuous on the adaxial side, almost imperceptible on the abaxial side. Inflorescences 6–13 mm long, with 6–26 flowers, axillary, a short cymose panicle; peduncles 0–5 mm, strigulose, rachis and branches strigulose; bracts 0.7–2.5 mm long, triangular, strigulose; sessile or pedicels 0–2 mm long; calyx tube 0.3 mm long, lobes 4, greenish, 0.6–1.6 mm long, triangular, acute at the apex, strigulose; petals 4, 4–7 × 0.7–0.8 mm, lanceolate, apex rounded, margin revolute, base rounded, greenish on the outside side and whitish on the inside, glabrous, fleshy; stamens 2, 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous, filament 0.3–0.6 mm, cylindrical, fleshy, connective inconspicuous, anther ovate 0.9–1.2 × 0.7–1 mm, one of the stamens sometimes atrophied, ca. 1 mm long, probably infertile; pistil 0.7–1.2 mm long, glabrous, ovary ca. 0.4–0.5 mm long, oblong, superior, 2–locular, with 2 pendulous ovules in each locule, style ca. 0.3–0.6 mm long, stigma ca. 0.1 mm long, terminal, inconspicuously 2–lobed; fruit drupe ca. 2–3 mm, obovoid, hirsute, rugose, green and blackish when ripe, seed 1–2 per fruit, narrow ellipsoid, ca. 1–2 mm. Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Monte Azul, Serra dos Marombas, 15.138ºS, 42.785ºW, 1165 m, 25 April 2023, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1634 (MEXU!, RB!, SPF!); Pico da Formosa, 15°14’15.5”S, 42°49’07.0”W, 1550 m, 28 April 2023, D.A. Zavatin et al. 1710 (SPF!). Phenology: —One specimen of Chionanthus monteazulensis was found flowering in early October and two specimens were found with fruits in late April. Etymology:—The epithet of this species is a tribute to the municipality where the species was collected: Monte Azul, in the north of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This municipality encompass part of the Espinhaço Range surrounded by mountains of campo rupestre, Cerrado and Forests. The region is nowadays considered one of the barriers of knowledge in Brazil due the lack of botanical expeditions; unfortunately, the region has been impacted by speculation for mining and wind energy installation. Habitat and distribution:— Chionanthus monteazulensis is endemic to the municipality of Monte Azul, Minas Gerais state (Fig. 3). Three specimens are recorded from an area of high elevation (1165–1550 m) in rocky outcrops of the campo rupestre vegetation, being two specimens very close to quartzite mining in an area known as Serra dos Marombas and one specimen in a private property known as Pico da Formosa. The occurrence region of C. monteazulensis is in a context of low population density, as a new frontier for the development of potentially environmental impact economic activities. Although livestock and agriculture exist in this region, these generally occur on a small scale for subsistence. In this context fire is not used often, as management of the Caatinga low areas does not allow the formation of pastures, like in the Cerrado areas. Thus, the incidence of fire hot spots and burned areas recurrence are at low index. However, activities that have the potential for localized impacts have expanded in the region, especially clean energy alternatives, such as solar and wind, on producing farms, which extend to greater pristine low-cost areas. These activities are considered low-impact economic alternatives; however, the installation of infrastructure requires road’s constructions, as well as areas where the installation of equipment maintains native vegetation in permanent suppression. But what stands out most is the quartzite stones mining, with a focus on export, used for coatings in various construction kinds. The mining companies officially manifested the intention of exploring in the north (request for mining authorization) and still in the standby initial phase in the south (request for mineral research). The points of occurrence where C. monteazulensis was found are inserted in intended mining areas. As it is possible to determine in the most critical level of rarity defined by Rabinowitz (1981), due to its sparse occurrence (one or two fertile individuals in each occurrence coordinate) and restricted distribution in a specific habitat. Considering the occurrence data and aspects of the species observed in the field, it was only possible to evaluate the 8 km ² Occupation Area (AOO). Among the criteria for defining threat status, it was possible to indicate B2b(ii,iii,iv)DE, suggesting the species as Critically Endangered (CR). We suggest expanding intensive field research activities, in mountainous areas surrounding and in the northern region of Minas Gerais, to better understand the distribution of the species. It is also desirable that aspects of the licensing of mining activities be reviewed, expanding studies and minimizing impacts on the endangered flora. Similar species and remarks:— Chionanthus monteazulensis is a very distinctive species, only similar to C. fluminensis by the subsessile leaves with cordate base. Morphologically the two species are set apart by the stamen number, the size and shape of leaves, inflorescences, petals and fruit. Chionanthus monteazulensis is probably sympatric to C. crassifolius (Martius 1841: 64) Green (1994: 273) but differs easily by the the petiole length, leaf base, leaf shape, inflorescence, petals and fruit size. The species occur in different geographical regions, while C. fluminensis is apparently restricted to rocky outcrops around the city of Rio de Janeiro, C. monteazulensis is known only by the type collection from the north of Minas Gerais State on the border with Bahia State. These features are summarized in Table 1. Additional specimens examined:— Chionanthus fluminensis: Brazil. Minas Gerais: s.d., Widgren s.n. (R 96702!, S). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Horto Florestal, Pedra do Andaraí, 13 May 1947, Mattos Silva s.n. (HRCB!, RB 60184!); Ilha de Vianna, January 1841, Gardner 5541 (BM!, K!); Niterói, Itacoaraci, 28 July 1996, Ormindo et al. s.n. (K!); Rio de Janeiro, 1836, Gomes s.n. (K!); Rio de Janeiro, Horto Florestal, Pedreira Grande, 16 November 1929, Kuhlmann 916 (HRCB!, RB!); Rio de Janeiro, Morro do Flamengo, July 1837, Luschnath 760 (BM!); without locality, 1837, Tweedie s.n. (K!); 1839, Tweedie s.n. (K!); 1844, Widgren s.n. (S); March 1872, Glaziou 3677 (C, K!); March 1872, Glaziou 4932 (C, K!); Widgren s.n. (S). without locality, 1821–1824, Riedel 1157 (NY-2!); Glaziou 4162 (C); Riedel s.n. (S); Widgren 997 (S); Schott s.n. (NY!). Chionanthus crassifolius: Brazil. Bahia: Abaíra, 9 km de Catolés, caminho de Ribeir„o de Baixo a Piat„, Serra do Atalho, descida para os gerais entre Serra do Atalho e a Serra da Tromba, 10 July 1995, Queiroz et al. 4401 (HUEFS); Abaíra, Cachoeira das Anáguas, 26 January 1992, Pirani et al. H 51318 (HRCB, K, NY, SPF); Abaíra, caminho Água Limpa-Guarda Mor, 25 June 1992, Ganev 586 (HUEFS, K, NY); Abaíra, Sal„o da Barra-Campos Gerais do Sal„o, 16 July 1994, Ganev 3551 (HUEFS, MO); Rio de Contas, caminho Boa Vista-Mutuca Corisco, próximo ao Bicota, 2 September 1993, Ganev 2183 (HUEFS, K, NY, SPF); Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, vertente E, campo do Queiroz, 9 November 1988, Harley 25988 (HUEFS, K, MO, NY); Rio de Contas, trilha de acesso para o Pico das Almas, ca. de 24,1 km de Rio de Contas, 19 November 2000, Juchum 94 (K, NY). Goiás: Serra dos Pirineus, ca. 15 km (straight line) N of Corumbá de Goiás, 14 V 1973, Anderson 10237 (MO, NY). Minas Gerais: Botumirim, saída ao S da cidade, 19 November 1992, Mello-Silva 700 (HRCB, HUEFS, K, SPF); Buenópolis, Serra do Cabral, 10–15 km da cidade na estrada para a Lapa Pintada, 13 October 1988, Harley et al. 24996 (HUEFS, K, MO, NY); Catas Altas, Mina do Fazend„o, 4 October 2006, Mota 3166 (BHCB); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, próximo do Taboıes, 7 July 2005, Mota 2936 (BHCB, HUEFS); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, regi„o dos Taboıes, 20 August 2005, Mota et al. 2951 (BHCB); Conceiç„o do Mato Dentro, Serra da Ferrugem, Fazenda do Toninho, 19 August 2006, Viana & Silva 2313 (BHCB); Cristália, W do Morro do Chapéu, 2 November 1988, Wanderley 1438 (K, SP); Gouveia, Fazenda Contagem, rodovia Curvelo-Diamantina, 29 August 1981, Giulietti et al. CRCR 1747 (BHCB, HUEFS, K, NY); Gr„o Mogol, Jambeiro a 7 km de Gr„o Mogol, 5 September 1998, Cavalcanti et al. CFCR 8492 (HRCB, MO, SPF, SPSF); Gr„o Mogol, montanha à esquerda do riacho Ribeir„o, trilha da Tropa, 3 November 1987, Assis et al. CFCR 11388 (BHCB, HUEFS, K, NY, SP); Gr„o Mogol, Serra de Gr„o Mogol, 12 November 1938, Markgraf 3492 (BHCB, ESA, F, R); Itacambira, ca. 25 km da cidade na estrada para Juramento, 14 December 1989, Pirani et al. CFCR 12791 (HRCB, NY, SPF); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, 8.5 km da cidade, 13 October 2007, Souza 9371 (SI, SPF); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral, caminho para o SCAI, 15 November 2007, Teles 499 (BHCB); Ouro Preto, Serra de Antonio Pereira, Alegria 7, Samarco Mineraç„o, 22 August 2008, Messias & Ataíde 2170 (HRCB, OUPR); Serra do Espinhaço, ca. 35 km SW of Gouveia, km 243 on MG 259, 2 February 1972, Anderson et al. 35117 (NY). Paraná: Jaguariahyva, 5 May 1914, Ĵnsson 261a (NY). S„o Paulo: Mogi das Cruzes, Estaç„o Biológica de Boracéia, 30 November 1956, Kuhlmann 4063 (K, SPF). No locality: s.d., Sellow 1038 (F); s.d., Glaziou 13567 (C); 1896, Glaziou 20821 (K, S).

Zavatin, Danilo Alvarenga, Almeida, Roberto Baptista Pereira, Ramos, Renato, Lombardi, Julio Antonio (2023): Chionanthus monteazulensis (Oleaceae), a new species from the campo rupestre of Espinhaço Range, Brazil. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 289-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

The campo rupestre in the Espinhaço Range is subject of many floristic studies due to its high rates of species diversity and endemism. These studies are made up of critical, easily accessible data about local richness and biodiversity, which are essential for subsidizing new studies in the fields of conservation, ecology, and systematics. This study describes the results of a survey of floristic studies carried out in the Espinhaço Range and provides a checklist of the plant species listed in them. We found that 294 floristic studies were conducted in the Espinhaço Range, but they were focused only on a few areas. Likewise, we detected sampling gaps in some areas. The Floras studied provide information on 3,191 plants or 6,3% Brazilian flora, of which 2,879 are angiosperms, 247 bryophytes, and 65 lycophytes and ferns. Finally, we observed a lack of standardization regarding the habits reported for angiosperms shrubs and subshrubs which is more problematic for Espinhaço’s flora because of its grasslands or shrublands vegetation. Thereby, we reaffirm the importance and need to encourage new floristic studies in the Espinhaço Range as a means to train new taxonomists and to provide new studies and projects.

O presente artigo objetiva analisar os principais contornos que delineiam o debate sobre a formação do professor de educação especial no contexto brasileiro. Insere-se em uma abordagem qualitativa, e sua perspectiva metodológica tem como referência a cartografia. Desenvolveu-se a análise das transcrições de reuniões de grupos relativas a quatro edições de encontros de pesquisadores da área da educação especial. As análises articularam-se às ideias de pesquisadores da área e ao referencial teórico vinculado ao pensamento sistêmico. Foi possível destacar: a necessidade de questionamento da perspectiva empirista associada aos percursos de construção do conhecimento articulados à área, compreendendo a impossibilidade da existência de receitas acerca de como aprendem determinados sujeitos; a necessidade de percursos formativos pautados na experiência, na incompletude e na imprevisibilidade; e a emergência da compreensão desta formação como espaço de fortalecimento da ação docente, apostando nas redes de ação pedagógica, com ênfase no ensino comum.

Bixa is a Neotropical genus with four to five species recognized and meaningful economic importance due to Bixa orellana, the source of annatto, widely used as a condiment and food coloring. Despite this importance, the genus has had little attention in recent taxonomic studies, and the principal monograph for the genus is outdated and remains unpublished. In the course of the preparation of the treatment of Bixaceae for the Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil, many specimens identified as Bixa arborea were found, however, they differ from that species in several morphological features, especially in fruit. Instead, these specimens resemble Bixa excelsa; nevertheless, they differ in leaf venation, petal color, fruit color and morphology. These unmatched specimens belong to Bixa atlantica, a new species proposed here, endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Additionally, we provide a distribution map, photograph plates, and phenology graphics for Bixa atlantica and B. excelsa, a preliminary conservation status assessment and comments on the ecology and recognition for the new species.

The colonization of Brazil by Portugal left deep marks in Brazil’s current society and economy. The same applies to the country’s biodiversity, with several introduced plants persisting as naturalized or invasive species. Among these, the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is a notable case. The species was first cultivated in Rio de Janeiro state during the 19th century, but the crops were later abandoned mostly due to the presence of parasite fungi in cultivations, so that the species’ cultivation continued in other states only. During recent fieldwork in the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, naturalized individuals of the tea plant were discovered. This finding, alongside ecological evidence, highlights a new threat to the biodiversity of an area of high species endemism. We provide historical information on the introduction of the species in Brazil and discuss the threats it imposes to the flora in a world hotspot. Our finding adds C. sinensis to the list of naturalized plants of Flora do Brasil 2020 and emphasizes the importance of monitoring the invasive potential of the species in the area, given its allelopathic potential on the germination of other species and competition with native plants.

O objetivo do artigo é reforçar os argumentos que revelam a inconstitucionalidade da criminalização da posse de drogas para consumo pessoal no Brasil, questionando-se criticamente, à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988, as bases da política criminal repressiva vigente. O debate jurídico proposto também aguarda a finalização do julgamento, pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, do Recurso Extraordinário 635.659, que teve início em agosto de 2015 e, desde então, não se encerrou, a revelar, também por esse ângulo, que o tema do consumo de drogas representa um tabu na sociedade brasileira. Portanto, o artigo busca indagar quais os fundamentos constitucionais para se declarar a inconstitucionalidade do crime de posse de drogas para consumo pessoal. Adotou-se o método dedutivo, com intensa exploração de dados colhidos de pesquisas empíricas devidamente referenciadas. Os dados são relevantes porque demonstram, concretamente, o dano social causado pela política de drogas repressiva. Houve, igualmente, levantamento bibliográfico pertinente à temática, com foco no debate constitucional. Os resultados revelam a ineficácia da política proibicionista do consumo de drogas e, finalmente, a conclusão é pela inconstitucionalidade do art. 28 da Lei n. 11.343/06 (“Lei de Drogas”), seja em razão da violação à vida privada e à intimidade das pessoas (corolários da autonomia e da dignidade da pessoa humana), seja por desrespeitar a norma da proporcionalidade.

Phenakospermum guyannense is the only native species of Strelitziaceae in South America and occurs in the Amazon domain in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. The species presents a negative sampling bias, probably due to the great effort necessary to collect it, as it presents long leaves and coriaceous bracts. In the course of the studies for the monograph of Strelitziaceae for Flora do Brasil 2020 project and with an increase in plant collecting in Maranhão state, Brazil, we have detected two necessary adjustments to the knowledge of the species: 1) lectotypification of the basionym Urania guyannensis described by L.C.M. Richard and 2) reevaluation of the geographic distribution of the species, highlighting new records for the Brazilian Northeast region. Both issues are addressed here. Additionally, we present a description, a preliminary conservation status, a distribution map and notes on the ecology of the species.

Nas últimas décadas tem ocorrido uma ampliação dos diagnósticos referentes aos transtornos e deficiências, principalmente no que tange ao público infantil. Esse aumento associa-se a modificações de critérios diagnósticos, ao avanço da produção diagnóstica no contexto escolar e à influência de interesses associados aos conglomerados da produção farmacológica descritos por estudiosos dessa temática. Este artigo se propõe a analisar a medicalização da vida infantil e a produção diagnóstica que se vincula aos processos de escolarização. Para tanto, apresenta-se um breve histórico a respeito da constituição do DSM, em sintonia com o debate acadêmico contemporâneo. Busca-se discutir como os engendramentos desse manual contribuem com a produção do que se compreende por inflação diagnóstica. A análise considera o processo de medicalização da vida no contexto infantil, com base em procedimentos que tendem a reduzir os fenômenos humanos a manifestações comportamentais que poderiam ser codificadas em dinâmicas que reafirmam o sujeito como centro da falta a ser corrigida.

Bixa atlantica Antar & Sano sp. nov. Type:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Vila Pavão.Barra da Rapadura, fazenda do sr. Wagner Scardini, Floresta Estacional Secundária, 18º42′18″S, 40º35′28″W, 157 m, 16 Fev 2014 [fl., fr.], R.C. Forzza, K. Hmeljevski & H. Medeiros 7851 (Holotype: VIES [VIES035934]; isotypes RB[RB00856346], SPF). Figures 1–2. Bixa atlantica is most similar to Bixa excelsa, but differs in its insertion of the lowest primary vein in relation to midrib length (1/4 vs 1/ 3 in B. excelsa), number of primary veins ((4–)5 vs. 3(–4) in B. excelsa), corolla color (white vs. pinkish in B. excelsa), fruit color when mature (reddish vs. greenish or brownish in B. excelsa) and spine density in fruits (not obscuring the surface vs. obscuring the surface in B. excelsa). Trees or treelets 6−20 m tall, rarely shrubs. Stems with lenticels, indument with scattered peltate trichomes, becoming denser, mostly stalked and ferruginous near the inflorescence, the older stems glabrescent or glabrous, stipule scar evident, transversal, narrow, with two circular nectaries below it. Leaves simple, alternate, subcoriaceous to chartaceous, discolorous with abaxial surface lighter, blade narrow ovate, lanceolate or less commonly ovate, (7.6−)9.9−22.3 × (2.9−) 4.1−12.5 cm, margin entire, base rounded, truncate or rarely slightly cordate, apex acuminate to long acuminate, adaxial surface with scattered peltate trichomes, mostly forming depressed small pits and concentrated near the main veins, rarely densely disposed, abaxial surface with scattered peltate trichomes distributed all over the surface, venation with (4–)5 primary veins at each side of the midrib, the lowest at approximately 1/4 the length of the midrib; petioles 2.1–9.7 cm long, with swollen and dark pulvinulus at base and apex, with scattered peltate trichomes; stipules soon caducous, lanceolate, apex acuminate to long acuminate, 5.9−8.5 × 1−1.8 mm, abaxial surface with peltate trichomes externally, except at base and margins, adaxial surface glabrous. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, branched, 25–45 flowered, densely covered with ferruginous, stalked, peltate trichomes; bracts soon caducous, 2.2–3.6 mm long, ovate, apex acute, glabrescent with few peltate hairs, mostly near the base, leaving a conspicuous scar; nectaries below bract scar, glabrous, sometimes inconspicuous due to the indumentum. Flowers 3–5 cm diam.; pedicel 5.9–11.5 mm long, densely covered with ferruginous, stalked, peltate trichomes, extrafloral nectaries at the apex of the pedicel absent, rarely inconspicuous; calyx soon caducous, cream-colored to brownish, sepals concave, 6.6–7.8 × 6.9–7.4 mm, wide ovate or orbiculate, apex obtuse, abaxial surface pubescent to glabrescent with peltate hairs, mostly near the base, adaxial surface glabrescent with peltate hairs, mostly near the base; corolla white, petals subequal, membranous, glabrous, 16–23 × 10–15 mm, obovate, apex obtuse; stamens vinaceous with the mid-portion whitish and the base yellowish, numerous, unequal, the ones at the base 3.5–6.5 mm long, the others 8.5–11.5 mm long, filaments glabrous, anther ca. 1 mm long, with two linear pores at the apex; ovary ovoid to hemispherical, densely covered with peltate trichomes, ca. 2.5 × 2–2.5 mm, style erect at anthesis, 7.0– 8.5 mm long, glabrous. Fruit dehiscent, reddish, becoming brownish when older, 1.2–1.7 × 2.0– 2.8 cm, hemispherical or widely ovoid, apex rounded, densely covered with ferruginous, stalked, peltate trichomes, spines densely disposed but not obscuring the fruit surface, 11–13 mm long, erect, subulate, base enlarged, rarely branched; peduncle 1.1–2.0 cm long. Seeds 5–5.3 × 5–5.5 mm, ellipsoid or spheroid, smooth, compressed. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to its occurrence in the coastal Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Being the only large tree species of Bixa native to this Domain. Habitat, distribution and phenology: — Bixa atlantica is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais states (Figure 3). The species can be found from 50 to 400 meters above sea level, in semideciduous forest, tabuleiro forest and hygrophilous Southern Bahian forest (without a dry season) physiognomies. It has also been reported as a pioneer, fairly common species that can grow in disturbed secondary forest or along forest borders (Lopes et al. 2002) and even disturbed ground in savannah-like physiognomies. It can grow between rocks in the bottom of valleys. The species was found flowering during the rainy season, from December to March, especially in February, and in fruit in all months except January, February and June, but especially in April and May (Figure 4). Preliminary Conservation status:— Bixa atlantica is known from 34 unique occurrences and 20 subpopulations. The EOO is 59,972 km ² and the AOO is 124 km ². The species falls within the territory of the following Protected Areas: Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, and Reserva Natural Vale (Linhares). Despite this significant distribution and populations collected in degraded areas, the Atlantic Forest is heavily threatened, with less than 30% of its original vegetation remaining. Consequently, the known subpopulations are mostly fragmented and isolated, which is especially true for the subpopulations from Minas Gerais state, located in an area that has suffered heavy deforestation (Carvalho & Scolforo 2008) and in which the only wellconserved remnants are in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce area. With the available information we assess the species as Near Threatened NT B1a+B2a (IUCN 2012, 2019). However, we need to highlight that the species in Minas Gerais could be regionally assessed in a more endangered classification. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL, BAHIA: Guaratinga, Rodovia Itabela / Guaratinga (BA089), com 28 km de extensão, coletas entre os km 20 e 25, margem da rodovia, 31 Mar 1989, L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 2673 (CEPEC, MBML, SPF); Itanhaém, estrada Itanhaém a Batinga, ca. 16 km, ramal à direita, dando acesso fazenda Pedra Grande, de propriedade de Etevaldo Rezende da Silva, 17° 8’ 17’’ S, 40° 25’ 34’’ W, 29 Dec 2004, A.M. Amorim et al. 4609 (CEPEC, MO, NY, SPF); Porto Seguro, Ramal de São José do Panorama, 18 Jan 1972, R.S. Pinheiro 1727 (RB, SPF). Espírito Santo: Água Doce do Norte, 27 Apr 2008, L. Kollmann et al. 10952 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, assentamento 16 de Abril., 18° 54’ 25.3’’ S, 40° 44’ 5’’ W, 150–200 m, 15 Mar 2006, V. Demuner et al. 1953 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, assentamento 16 de Abril, fragmento à esquerda do campo, 18° 54’ 25.3’’ S, 40° 44’ 5’’ W, 200–400 m, 16 Mar 2006, V. Demuner et al. 2011 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, córrego do Trinta (CEIER), proprietário: Alex Sandro, 19° 1’ 22.2’’ S, 40° 38’ 52.8’’ W, 170–500 m, 25 Apr 2006, V. Demuner et al. 2187 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, córrego Taquaral, Santa Luzia, propriedade José Rocinha, 18° 59’ 39’’ S, 40° 41’ 46’’ W, 200–350 m, 2 Apr 2007, V. Demuner et al. 3442 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, Rochedo, propriedade Arlindo Breda, 18° 56’ 45’’ S, 40° 48’ 10’’ W, 400–550 m, 16 May 2007, V. Demuner et al. 3912 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, Rochedo, trilha do córrego, propriedade Ailton Corteleti, 18° 56’ 39’’ S, 40° 47’ 55’’ W, 380–560 m, 6 Sep 2006, L.F.S. Magnago et al. 1317 (MBML, SPF); Águia Branca, Santa Luzia, Propriedade Ciro Ferreira, 18° 58’ 40’’ S, 40° 39’ 56,1’’ W, 170–300 m, 4 Jul 2007, R.R. Vervloet et al. 2789 (MBML, SPF); Colatina, Jequitibá (Torre 45/2—LT 230 Kv) Mascarenhas x Verona, 19° 14’ 2.3’’ S, 40° 38’ 16.1’’ W, 240 m, 15 Jul 2008, A.M. Assis & K.F.O. Faria 1703 (MBML, SPF); Colatina, Jequitibá (Torre 45/2—LT 230 Kv), 19° 15’ 2.3’’ S, 40° 38’ 16.1’’ W, 240 m, 23 May 2008, A.M. Assis & K.F.O. Faria 1674 (MBML, SPF); Colatina, São João Grande (Torre 15/2—LT 230 Kv Mascarenhas x Verona), 19° 26’ 50.1’’ S, 40° 47’ 11’’ W, 300 m, 16 Oct 2008, A.M. Assis & V. Pereira 1823 (MBML, SPF); Colatina, São João Grande (Torre 18/1—LT 230 Kv Mascarenhas x Verona), 19° 26’ 25.5’’ S, 40° 46’ 16.9’’ W, 200 m, 15 Oct 2008, A.M. Assis & V. Pereira 1810 (MBML, SPF); Conceição da Barra, Cobraice—Fazenda Jundiá, 18° 25’ 14.3’’ S, 39° 55’ 31.6’’ W, 50 m, 28 Sep 1998, A.M. Assis & L.F.D. Valentin 1804 (MBML, SPF); Governador Lidemberg, Alto Moacir, propriedade Vitório Salomão, 19° 18’ 42’’ S, 40° 32’ 15’’ W, 350–630 m, 21 Fev 2006, L.F.S. Magnago et al. 682 (MBML, SPF); Itaguaçu, localidade de Cachoeirão, 27 Fev 2006, R.C. Britto et al. 26 (MBML, SPF); Itarana, Fragmento localizado na comunidade do Baixo Sossego, 15 Fev 2011, C. Hencker et al. 56 (MBML, SPF); Linhares, Reserva da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Borda da trilha da Bicuíba, 55 m, 4 Apr 2006, J.G. Rando et al. 150 (ESA); Linhares, Reserva de Linhares, Docemade, 1 Fev 1972, D. Sucre 8350 (MO, NY, RB); Linhares, Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, córrego João Pedro, aceiro com José Velascio, 26 Apr 1990, L.P. Queiroz 2479 (CEN, HUEFS); Linhares, Reserva Florestal da CVRD, acesso à casa de hóspedes, 22 Aug 1996, A.L.B. Sartori et al. 213 (CVRD, UEC); Linhares, Reserva Florestal de Linhares-Cia. Vale do Rio Doce, estrada do Flamengo, ca. 500 m da sede, 19° 9’ 6’’ S, 40° 4’ 8’’ W, 64 m, 11 May 2000, J.R. Pirani et al. 4674 (RB, SPF); Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale, trecho de mussununga próximo ao nativo do contorno do Roxinho, 17 Apr 2011, D.F. Lima et al. 210 (BHCB, CTES, CVRD, ESA, HUEFS, RB); Marilândia, Alto Liberdade, propriedade Deuclecio Lorenzini, 19° 21’ 13’’ S, 40° 31’ 1’’ W, 300–400 m, 19 Apr 2006, L.F.S. Magnago et al. 899 (MBML, SPF); Pinheiros, Reserva Biológica Córrego do Veado, trilha de educação ambiental, 18° 22’ 15’’ S, 40° 8’ 32’’ W, 113 m, 1 Fev 2007, L.M. Versieux et al. 399 (SP, SPF); Pinheiros, Santa Rita, 18° 18’ 37’’ S, 40° 8’ 49’’ W, 107 m, 31 Jan 2008, L. Kollmann & L. Magnago 10521 (MBML, SPF); Rio Bananal, Alto município de Rio Bananal, 19° 14’ 56’’ S, 40° 24’ 59’’ W, 300–450 m, 1 Aug 2007, R.R. Vervloet et al. 3106 (MBML, SPF); Rio Bananal, Arredores de São Jorge de Tiradentes, 19° 5’ 48.2’’ S, 40° 19’ 4.9’’ W, m, 7 Oct 2017, E.D. Lozano et al. 3882 (MBM, SPF); São Domingos do Norte, São Gonçalo (Torre 48/2—LT 230 kv Mascarenhas x Verona), 19° 12’ 17.8’’ S, 40° 38’ 12.3’’ W, 244 m, 3 May 2008, A.M. Assis & K.F.O. Faria 1656 (MBML, SPF); São Domingos do Norte, Trevo para Águia Branca (Torre 58/2—LT230 Kv Mascarenhas x Verona), 19° 7’ 37’’ S, 40° 36’ 41’’ W, 150 m, 2 May 2008, A.M. Assis & K.F.O. Faria 1611 (MBML, SPF); São Gabriel da Palha, Fazenda Rondeli, próximo ao clube campestre, 19° 1’ 8’’ S, 40° 33’ 19.5’’ W, 200 m, 26 Apr 2008, A.M. Assis & V.G. Demuner 1565 (MBML, SPF); Soretama, Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, 74 m, 9 Oct 2012, M.B. Costa 18 (VIES). Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 19° 45’ 30’’ S, 42° 37’ 33’’ W, 295 m, 21 Fev 1996, L.V. Costa s.n. (BHCB, SPF); Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, estrada para o restaurante, 19° 46’ 49’’ S, 42° 37’ 10’’ W, 311 m, 4 Sep 2000, M.M. Silva-Castro et al. 1484 (HUEFS); Timoteo, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, estrada para o restaurante, 4 Nov 1999, E.J. Leite et al. 5 (CEN). Comments:— Bixa atlantica can be distinguished from B. orellana, the best represented species of the genus in herbaria, and the only other one that also occurs in the Atlantic Forest domain, due to the absence of nectaries in the pedicel apex (rarely inconspicuous) near the calyx (vs. conspicuous in B. orellana), the leaf base rounded truncate or rarely slightly cordate (vs. cordate or truncate in B. orellana), the habit of trees up to 20 m, rarely treelets or shrubs (vs. shrubs or treelets 5–6 m tall in B. orellana) and fruit shape wider than long (vs. longer than wide in B. orellana). The absence of nectaries in the pedicel apex can also be used to promptly differ the new species from another two species, Bixa urucurana (usually treated as a synonym of B. orellana) and Bixa platycarpa Ruiz & Pavon (1959: 383), both of which have nectaries. Although Bixa atlantica specimens have been frequently referred to as B. arborea, the species can be easily distinguished as the former presents spiny fruits (vs. spineless fruits). The most closely related species is B. excelsa (Figure 5), differing by the leaf venation, petal and fruit color (in vivo and in sico) and morphology. Although Baer (1976) states that the fruits of B. excelsa are reddish-green, we have never been able to confirm this color from all specimens’ label descriptions and photos examined. Further differences between B. atlantica and these two species are presented in Table 1.

Medeirosantar, Guilherme, Lírio, Elton Johnde, Pereiraalmeida, Roberto Baptista, Sano, Paulo Takeo (2022): Bixa atlantica sp. nov. (Bixaceae), a new species of wild annatto from the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 544 (2): 171-184, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.3

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que aborda temas fundamentais para inclusão escolar no Brasil e na Itália. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar as políticas de inclusão escolar, identificando proximidades e distanciamentos nesses processos, nos dois contextos. Na Itália, desde a década de 1970, há movimentos políticos de inclusão escolar, resultando em um sistema de ensino no qual dispositivos pedagógicos, normativos e sociais interagem em uma perspectiva inclusiva. No Brasil, os progressos relativos às políticas públicas de inclusão escolar são reconhecidos a partir do final dos anos 1990. Com base nas premissas da pesquisa qualitativa, o estudo de caráter bibliográfico foi desenvolvido por meio de um amplo levantamento que envolveu textos acadêmicos e documentos normativos. As bases teóricas fazem referência ao pensamento sistêmico, na articulação com as produções de Gregory Bateson (2001), Humberto Maturana e Francisco Varela (1995). Além disso, houve ampla busca de estudos sobre políticas de inclusão escolar produzidos nos dois contextos analisados. Para a análise foram estabelecidos três eixos fundamentais de aproximação: políticas de inclusão escolar, formação de professores e práticas pedagógicas. Tais dimensões são identificadas em sua variabilidade temporal e suas diretrizes específicas, como fundamentais no desencadeamento, na sustentação e qualificação da inclusão nos dois países.

Myrcia lucasae (Myrcia sect. Gomidesia, Myrtaceae), a new species from the Bahia state, Brazil, is here described and illustrated. It differs from M. lughadhae, a closely related and sympatric species, by the strigose indumentum with ferruginous trichomes and the absence of ribs on fruits. It is also different and from M. virgata (Myrcia sect. Myrcia), by presenting thecae with irregular dorsal openings (characteristics of Myrcia sect. Gomidesia). Collections of M. lucasae have been constantly misidentified as the morphologically similar M. virgata, a species from a different section, which does not occur in the state of Bahia. Myrcia lucasae is endemic to the highly diverse campo rupestre vegetation of the Chapada Diamantina biogeographic province. We also provide preliminary conservation assessment, comments on distribution and ecological aspects of this new taxon.

O presente artigo apresenta a possibilidade de ampliar o debate sobre a educação na perspectiva inclusiva de forma a problematizar como se organiza o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). O objetivo é analisar o AEE como dispositivo pedagógico descentralizado da sala de recursos para que ocorra em todos os espaços da escola. Trata-se de uma perspectiva que se opõe à compreensão restrita às práticas educacionais em sala de recursos e que valoriza a pluralidade prevista no plano das proposições e diretrizes políticas. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, envolvendo produções que abordam as discussões sobre a temática proposta. O estudo tem como referencial teórico o ciclo de políticas formulado por Stephen Ball e Richard Bowe para pensar em como as políticas de inclusão escolar agem no contexto da prática. Além dessa perspectiva, a análise contempla o pensamento sistêmico de Gregory Bateson e a tríade “contexto-processo-relações”. As reflexões apresentadas ampliam as formas de configurações do AEE por meio de uma atuação sistêmica do professor de educação especial e uma articulação entre os diferentes profissionais da escola. Desse modo, compreende-se o trabalho compartilhado como possibilidade de romper a lógica da padronização dos processos de ensino.

portuguesEste artigo procura discutir a participacao do governo Getulio Vargas (1951-1954), por meio das acoes da diplomacia brasileira, em estreita cooperacao com o governo norte-americano, no progressivo isolamento politico da Guatemala em organizacoes internacionais, tais como a Organizacao dos Estados Americanos (OEA) e o Conselho de Seguranca da ONU. Trabalha-se com a ideia de que a orientacao da politica externa brasileira no periodo foi motivada, sobretudo pela parceria estrategica com os Estados Unidos; pelo arraigado anticomunismo das autoridades brasileiras e pela tradicao juridica da diplomacia brasileira que privilegiava o fortalecimento da OEA como principal mecanismo de seguranca do hemisferio contra o peronismo, a ideologia comunista e consequentemente a URSS. EnglishThis paper focuses on the role played by the presidency of Getulio Vargas (1951-1954) on the deliberate political isolation of Guatemala in international organizations such as the Organization of American Estates (OAS) and ONU s security council, achieved through diplomatical maneuvers orchestrated in close cooperation with the American government. The article sustains that brazilian foreign politics at the time were influenced primarily by a strategic relationship with the United States; by a fierce anti- communism prejudice of the brazilian authorities and by the legal tradition of the brazilian diplomacy that sought to strengthen OAS as a means to protect the hemisphere against peronism, the communist ideology and thus the USSR.

This work analyzes the several discourses that identify a significant number of children as hyperactive in Child Education in the Schools of the City of Porto Alegre. In order to substantiate the searches, some essential concepts were developed. The concept of normalcy, based on the thinking of Canguilhem and Foucault, is associated to the systemic thinking of Gregory Bateson. Considering the continuous articulation between normal and abnormal, the construction of the concept of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD A cartographic analysis of attention, evidences understood Attention not as a condition precedent, but within its circular invention movement, as an effect of and in learning. Among the evidences, one of the most important is the one that identifies hyperactivity associated to a dimension of abandonment, focused not only on the subject child but also on all of those affected in this network.

Tecnologias para rastreabilidade de resíduos perigosos vêm sendo aplicadas visando eliminar o descarte indevido, causador de diversos impactos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Um dos maiores obstáculos à utilização de sistemas, que aplicam essas tecnologias, reside no emprego de protocolos proprietários para a comunicação entre o sistema de rastreabilidade e os sistemas de informações das diferentes organizações. Soluções próprias de tecnologia são criadas, sem que exista uma padronização com relação aos mecanismos de trocas de dados, implicando em duplicação e redundância de esforços. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe um protocolo padrão não proprietário de comunicação visando a interoperabilidade entre sistemas, com foco na área de gestão e de rastreabilidade de resíduos perigosos, por intermédio da tecnologia de identificação por radiofrequência. Desse modo, organizações públicas, privadas e do terceiro setor podem contar com uma alternativa de solução não proprietária, implicando em maior independência com relação aos fornecedores. Palavras-chave: Gestão de Resíduos Perigosos. Rastreabilidade de Resíduos. Interoperabilidade entre Sistemas. RFID. AbstractThe improper disposal of hazardous waste causes several impacts to the environment and society and that is the reason why some technologies were designed to enable the waste traceability. A major obstacle to the use of information systems for waste managing and tracking lies in the use of proprietary protocols for data interchange between the waste tracking systems and the different organizations’ information systems. Proprietary technology solutions, which have no standardization regarding the mechanisms for data exchange, are applied resulting in duplication of effort and redundancy. This paper proposes a standard non-proprietary communication protocol aiming at interoperability among systems, focusing on the management and tracking of hazardous waste through radiofrequency identification technology. Thereby, public, private and non-governmental organizations can count on a non-proprietary alternative solution, resulting in greater independence from suppliers. Keywords: Hazardous Waste Management. Waste Tracking. Systems Interoperability. RFID.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the Brazilian special education policy in the last decade, considering the presuppositions implied in its formulation and its relation with the guidelines defined by the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. The study was carried out through documentary analysis based on the minutes of this convention, normative documents of Brazilian education and academic studies on the subject. Topics such as the right to education, accessibility and affirmation of the inclusive perspective are discussed. The article also seeks to indicate the initiatives that seek to give operationality to the changes in Brazilian education, besides the advances and the challenges in term of the work that shows itself as a process of high complexity.

Almeida, Roberto Baptista Pereira, Antar, Guilherme Medeiros, Ferreira, Alessandro Wagner Coelho, Junior, Wagner Ribeiro Da Silva, Oliveira, Miguel Sena De, Saraiva, Raysa Valéria Carvalho (2021): Lectotypification and notes on the distribution of the giant herb Phenakospermum guyannense (Rich.) Miq. (Strelitziaceae). Phytotaxa 491 (3): 239-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.481.3.4

Brazil has one of the most diverse herpetofauna and snakebites are an important health issue. The oral cavity of snakes harbored a wide range of bacteria. Enterococci have been isolated from animals, however, few studies have taken in snakes. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate Entero-coccus spp. and their virulence attributes including antimicrobial resistance in oral cavities of healthy snake species in Brazil. Oral swabs from wild and captive snakes were screened for enterococci distri-bution, antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance and virulence genes, and CRISPRs elements by PCR. Overall, 116 enterococci were detected and Enterococcus faecalis was dominant in all snake species, followed by E. faecium, E. avium, and E. hirae. Interestingly, no resistant enterococci were detected in wild snakes. In contrast, captive snakes were found to be carriers of resistant strains, including resistance to erythromycin, rifampicin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Enterococcus faecium (50%) and E. faecalis (15.78%) isolates were multi-drug-resistant. Erythromycin resistance genes, the msrC and ermB, were detected in 13.33% and 6.67% of the isolates, respectively. The tetM (70%), tetL (30%) and tetS (10%) genes were detected in the tetracycline-resistant strains. Among the virulence genes, gelE was the most frequent in all strains. CRISPR1-cas, orphan CRISPR2, and CRISPR3-cas elements were present in 16.03%, 15.79%, and 18.31% of the isolates, respectively. No antibiotic resistance was associated with CRISPRs. In conclusion, resistant enterococci in captive snakes are the result of confinement, antibiotic therapy and human contact. Resistant bacteria in captive snakes provide crucial information about public health safety.

Resumo O texto tem como objetivo a análise da escolarização das pessoas com deficiência no Brasil, considerando prioritariamente o período 2008 a 2018, em função de uma política pública que assume a inclusão escolar como diretriz para a ação nos diferentes espaços da gestão educacional. A Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva de 2008 é compreendida como parte de um momento histórico que aproxima as iniciativas e as diretrizes brasileiras de proposições internacionais que anunciam uma ressignificação do conceito de deficiência – afirmação da perspectiva social -, assim como indicam um novo desenho institucional para a garantia do direito à educação. Quem são os atores sociais com papel preponderante nesse processo? Quais são as principais conquistas e os principais desafios? Como analisar as possibilidades de reconfiguração em termos de dispositivos pedagógicos e de espaços educativos? Tais interrogações integram o estudo de natureza qualitativa, realizado com base na análise documental, que considera o plano normativo e a revisão de literatura especializada. A análise indica que houve ampliação das matrículas de alunos com deficiência no ensino comum e a aprovação de elevado número de dispositivos normativos sobre a temática. Houve também a instituição de programas dirigidos a formas variadas de apoio especializado, mostrando um deslocamento do lócus destinado à escolarização desses alunos, com prioridade para o ensino comum. Apesar disso, coexistem tendências que reafirmam e que contradizem a perspectiva proposta pelas diretrizes analisadas, principalmente quando são consideradas as dimensões qualitativas dos processos formativos. Abstract The text aims to analyze the schooling of people with disabilities in Brazil, considering the period 2008-2018 as a priority and based on a public policy that assumes school inclusion as a guideline for action in the different spaces of educational management. The National Policy on Special Education in the Perspective of Inclusive Education of 2008 is understood as part of a historical moment that brings together Brazilian initiatives and guidelines with international propositions that announce a resignification of the concept of disability – affirmation of the social perspective –, as indicated by a new institutional design to guarantee the right to education. Who are the social actors with a relevant role in this process? What are the main achievements and main challenges? How to analyze the possibilities of reconfiguration in terms of pedagogical instruments and educational spaces? Such questions are part of the qualitative study performed based on documentary analysis, which considers the normative plan and the review of specialized literature. The analysis indicates that there was increase of enrollment of students with disabilities in ordinary education, besides the approval of great number of normative instruments on the subject. There was also the establishment of programs aimed at various forms of specialized support, showing a locus shift focused on these students’ schooling, prioritizing the ordinary education. Nevertheless, there are coexisting trends that reaffirm and contradict the perspective proposed by the guidelines analyzed, especially when considering the qualitative dimensions of the formative processes.

This text presents an analysis related to special education, in Rio Grande do Sul, between 1970 and 1980. The research was based on the analysis of bibliographical and historical documents on the subject, such as a report of a Special Commission of the State Legislative Assembly from 1972. The period analyzed is marked by educational reforms and by the predominance of a military regime that, in addition to its authoritarian dimension, privileged the perspective of privatization of services. It is possible to identify the predominance of an understanding of special education as a “problem” to be corrected and which was associated with an educational policy perspective based on the ideal of homogenization through initiatives that favored the assistance and the private sector.

The study intends to analyze the controversial topic of the professional secrecy, which is very often treated without much interest in criminal procedure doctrine, despite its social relevance. Therefore the identification of the interests protected by the secrecy is essential as well as a distinction between secrecy and confidentiality. The analysis of the institute in common legal matrix countries, in order to understand how the matter is treated in these nations, is also performed by analysis of the Italian, Spanish and Portuguese legal systems. Once the outlook is established, the treatment given to the matter by the Brazilian legalsystem is analyzed, with the respective criticisms as well as the establishment of a solution criterion for controversies is proposed. In view of the whole conceptual basis portrayed, a case- by-case analysis is made based on the professions of accountant, journalist, lawyer and public defender with regard to specific issues related to each one of them. O trabalho pretende analisar o controvertido tema do sigilo profissional, muitas vezes tratado sem grande interesse pela doutrina processual penal, não obstante a sua relevância social. Para tanto é indispensável a identificação dos interesses protegidos pelo sigilo, bem como uma distinção entre segredo e sigilo. A análise do instituto em países de matriz jurídica comum, de modo a compreender como é o tratamento da matéria nessas nações, também é realizada, sendo analisados os ordenamentos italiano, espanhol e português. Estabelecido o panorama, passa-se a analisar o tratamento dado pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro à matéria, com as respectivas críticas, bem como é proposto o estabelecimento de um critério de solução das controvérsias. Diante de toda a base conceitual retratada, passa-se a uma análise casuística das profissões de contador, jornalista, advogado e defensor público, tratando de questões específicas atinentes a cada uma delas.

RESUMO: O texto analisa os movimentos institucionais que caracterizam a política de inclusão escolar em Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul. O pensamento sistêmico e o ciclo de políticas constituem o referencial teórico que auxiliou na análise dos dados de matrículas, documentos normativos, produções acadêmicas e entrevistas. A pesquisa permitiu-nos identificar a ampliação do acesso e permanência de alunos com deficiência e serviços que favorecem a sua escolarização em classes comuns - indícios de uma prática centrada no ensino colaborativo com vistas ao acesso ao currículo. ABSTRACT: This text analyzes the institutional movements that characterize the politic of scholar inclusion in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The systemic thinking and the policy cycle constitute the theoretical framework that helped us to examine school enrollment, normative documents, academic production and interviews. The research allowed us to identify not only the expansion of the access and permanence of students with disabilities, but also the services that favor their schooling in common classes - an indication of a practice centered on collaborative teaching regarding the access to the curriculum.