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Environmental education is an essential instrument for the formation of a critical conscience in society as a whole. The formation of the agronomy course must be intrinsically linked to environmental issues, since the activities developed by the future professional have direct consequences to nature, so the decisions must have as pillars, the understanding of environmental issues and the promotion of the sustainability in agroescosystems. The present research had as aim to perform a diagnosis on the environmental perception of students and professors of the agronomy undergraduate course of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas (CECA – UFAL). This work was carried out through a qualitative research, where the data collection was based on a questionnaire, with a sample of 95 students and 15 teachers. Therefore, a deficient and inconsistent approach regarding environmental education in the agronomy course of the CECA-UFAL, thus it is recommended that more disciplines be inserted for environmental education, not only in the course of agronomy, but in all the course of the area of agrarian sciences.

A atividade mineradora causa diversos impactos na natureza e uma das principais atividades de mineração realizada no estado da paraíba e a extração de vermiculita que gera uma grande quantidade de coproduto de vermiculita. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição de serapilheira da Caatinga no crescimento inicial da catingueira em coprodutos da mineração. O trabalho foi realizado no Viveiro florestal da unidade acadêmica de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Os tratamentos compreenderam 5 doses de serapilheira (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40%), adicionados a coproduto de vermiculita e procedeu-se a semeadura de catingueira. Cada tratamento foi composto por 3 repetições totalizando 15 parcelas. As variáveis analisadas foram altura, número de folhas e diâmetro coletados 60 dias após emergência. Os parâmetros avaliados foram massa seca de raiz (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MST). Observou-se que nos parâmetros, massa seca da parte da aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total ocorreu uma relação linear positiva (p

The relief forms, terrain differences, soil type and flora are the most important indicators for the description of a river basin or drainage network. The present work had as objectives, to perform the morphometric characterization of the hidrographic sub-basin (SBH) of the Espinharas river; analyze the intensity of land use; suggesting mitigating measures in areas with greater intensity of use, with the help of geospatial tools. The sub-basin of the Espinharas river, extends through thirty-one (31) municipalities, covering the states of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco. For the analysis, images were used, from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), and Landsat 8 satellite images, resolution 30 m, bands 2, 3 and 4. Next, with QGIS software aid 2.18.17 generated the map of slope, mapping of intensity and land use, later calculations of the morphometric variables, and finally elaborated proposals of mitigating measures for the degradation of the sub-basin. The results of the morphometric parameters found for the Sub-basin indicate values of the Compass coefficient of 2.68 and Form factor 0.32, indicating that the sub-basin presents an irregular shape that differs from the figure of a circle, approaching an elongated shape, and thus not conducive to flooding. In relation to the intensity of use, the areas with low intensity class of use have the largest representation in this basin, covering an area of 2,147.98 km² (65.27%). The Espinharas river sub-basin presents several nonconformities of environmental impacts generated mainly by bad planning of use of the area and disrespect to the legislation. In this case, it is necessary for research to support effective public policies that favor less impacting agricultural practices, allowing farmers to provide their livelihoods at the same time, allowing future generations to survive in the semi-arid.

The changes made in the natural dynamics cause risks that influence the equilibrium, terrestrial and atmospheric. The aim of the study was to characterize the land cover and land use of the Espinharas river sub-basin, with emphasis on the Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Areas of Restricted Use (ARU). The Sub-basin of rio Espinharas is part of the Northern Country Depression, it has one of the most typical landscapes of the northeastern semi-arid region. For the analyzes, multispectral images of the Landsat 8 OLI satellites were used, from the orbits and points 215/65, 216/64, bands 3, 4 and 5. The delineation of the sub-basin began with obtaining the hydrological attributes in the Software QGIS. For the identification of the areas of land use conflicts in APP and ARU, the map algebra was used to perform an overlay of the land cover and use map with the Map of the APP and ARU, using SIG Idrisi Software. The classes of land use and land cover in the SBH of the Espinharas River has the predominance of the Open Arboreal Shrub Caatinga (OASC) typologies with 2,239.37 km² (68.13%), Closed Arboreal Shrub Caatinga (CASC) with 203.17 km² (6.18%) of the total SBH area. It was also verified that 752.67 km² (22.90%) of the total area corresponds to anthropism. The satellite images allowed to have a clear, comprehensive and current view of the use and land cover of SBH of the river Espinharas. Discrimination, mapping and quantification of land use and land cover areas through the Geographical Information System (IDRISI, QGIS GRASS) classification allowed us to obtain results with greater agility regarding the integration and manipulation of the areas. The data obtained will help recovery plans and planning of the area, since a part of SBH is not complying with the current environmental legislation.

Introduction: The process of degradation of the environmental system of the Farinha river basin is due to soil inadequacy and natural factors. Aims: The present work had as objective to evaluate the degree of deterioration of the environmental system of the hydrographic basin of the river Farinha the geo - referenced information are related to the physical characterization of the micro-basin based on the physical conservationist diagnosis of the Geographic Information Systems - GIS. Methodology: The hydrographic basin of the Farinha River, located in the Center-West region of Paraíba, includes an area of 8.0915,8 ha. Images of the Landsat 8 satellite, OLI sensor in bands 3, 4 and 5 were applied, are classified as a visual and supervised process. With this, the software QGIS 2.18.17 generated vector data and the IDRISI Selva V.17, was used as a means to process the raster data. Under these conditions, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the SRTM project was included for plans related to the polygonal delimitation of the micro-basin, characterizing a drainage network, compartmentalization and mean slope. Results: The natural vegetation of the Caatinga presents as open tree shrub and closed arboreal, with the predominance of open vegetation, representing 48037 ha (59.4%). Concerning conflict analysis for land use, it was observed that compartment 1 was the only one that did not present such events. Compartment 2 resulted in a higher percentage of conflicts with 24.1%, however, areas with 4.2% have agricultural divergences, the 19.9% are due to livestock and mining activities. In relation to compartment 3 the area 6.3% is used for agriculture. Conclusion: The physical-conservationist diagnosis of the micro-basin of the river Farinha presents an incorrect management, for this, a suitable study must be done to reduce the degradation of the area. Consequently, public policies are designed to interconnect communities living in these areas with their physical environment in a sustainable way.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do sombreamento no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas de mudas de oiticica (Microdesmia rigida), mantendo-as a 0% (pleno sol), 50% e 70% de sombreamento, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro repetições. Foram analisados os parâmetros altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, razão altura/diâmetro, taxa de crescimento absoluto, área foliar, peso da matéria seca da planta, razão raiz/parte aérea, Índice de qualidade de Dickson (DQI), taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese, concentração interna de CO2, teores de clorofila a, b e total. Foi verificada redução na taxa de transpiração e aumento na condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese e concentração interna de CO2 com o aumento do sombreamento. O sombreamento diminuiu a concentração de clorofila a enquanto promoveu aumento da clorofila b e clorofila total, sem diferença significativa entre os níveis de 50% e 70% do sombreamento. Os ambientes sombreados proporcionaram maior crescimento em altura, diâmetro, área foliar, além de propiciar maior acúmulo de massa seca e DQI. Recomenda-se a produção de mudas de mudas de oiticica, durante a fase de viveiro, sob 50% de sombreamento, pois essa condição possibilita a obtenção de melhores índices de qualidade de mudas.

Em meio ao um surto pandêmico, todos os setores da economia foram afetados, de maneira mais ou menos intensa, desde os de matérias-primas, de transformação, até o de serviços, sendo que as medidas restritivas de circulação impactaram os sistemas de produção e redes de comercialização, devido a esse acontecimento tanto produtores e feirantes tiveram que se adaptar a outras mudanças quanto ao meio de comercialização dos seus produtos. Em virtude da grande importância do tema em questão, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e avaliar a situação dos feirantes, a respeito da comercialização dos seus produtos, levando em consideração os aspectos sociais e econômicos para a obtenção de informações relevantes da real situação comercial na principal feira do município de Bom Jardim antes e durante a pandemia. Através da coleta de materiais por meio de questionário. Nesse contexto, foi possível apresentar um breve panorama da situação entre agricultores familiares, a maior parte dos feirantes que relataram não ter tido dificuldades com as mudanças impostas pela pandemia foram aqueles que conseguiram se adaptar às oportunidades trazidas pela crise, os mesmos tiveram a necessidade de se manter na atividade mesmo nas adversidades, e continuaram a desenvolver uma agricultura de resiliência. Obtivemos nos resultados, porcentagens expressivas mostram o quanto a pandemia do covid-19 impactou no meio de vida em relação a comercialização dos feirantes. Mediante as análises dos dados coletado, recomendasse mais investimentos na infraestrutura do mercado para acomodação dos feirantes proporcionando organização e higiene.

Climatic changes occurring on the planet can cause problems in the physiological behavior of plant seeds from the Caatinga biome. The objective of this research was to evaluate a reference scenario to climate changes in the germination and vigor of Mimosa tenuiflora and Cenostigma pyramidalis seeds. For this, different treatments of environmental stress (combinations of temperature, relative humidity, luminous intensities, and water stresses) were tested on seeds of M. tenuiflora and C. pyramidalis. Using Gerbox boxes with vermiculite substrate, the assays were assembled in CRD, and evaluated for variations related to germination and seed and seedlings vigor. The results obtained were obtained by ANOVA and by the Scott-Knott means test. The germination and vigor of M. tenuiflora seeds and seedlings were reduced after a temperature of 30°C. C. pyramidalis seeds germinated only under conditions of alternating temperature, absence of water stress and cannot tolerate temperatures above 30°C. Climatic changes can affect the germination and vigor of the studied species. Research with this theme must be carried out to improve the management of these species in relation to the effects of climate changes.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of shading on growth and gas exchange of seedlings of Microdesmia rigida, keeping them under the levels of 0% (full sun), 50% and 70% shading, arranged in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four replications. Plant height, stem diameter, height/diameter ratio, absolute growth rate, leaf area, plant dry matter weight, dry root/shoot weight ratio, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, internal CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents a, b and total were analysed. There was a reduction in the rate of transpiration and increase in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and internal CO2 concentration with increased shading. Shading decreased the concentration of chlorophyll a while promoting an increase in chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, with no significant difference between the levels of 50% and 70% of shading. The shaded environments provided greater growth in height, diameter, leaf area, in addition to providing greater accumulation of dry mass and IQD. It is recommended to produce seedlings of M. rigida seedlings, during the nursery phase, under 50% shading, as this condition provides the achievement of better seedling quality indexes. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del sombreado en el crecimiento y el intercambio de gases de las plántulas de oiticica (Microdesmia rigida), manteniéndolos al 0% (pleno sol), 50% y 70% de sombreado, dispuestos en un diseño completamente al azar (DIC), con cuatro repeticiones. Se analizaron los parámetros altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, relación altura / diámetro, tasa de crecimiento absoluto, área foliar, peso de la materia seca de la planta, relación raíz / brote, índice de calidad de Dickson (IQD), tasa de transpiración, conductancia estomática, tasa de fotosíntesis, concentración interna de CO2, niveles de clorofila a, b, y total. Se verificó una reducción en la tasa de transpiración y un aumento en la conductancia estomática, la tasa de fotosíntesis y la concentración interna de CO2 con el aumento del sombreado. El sombreado disminuyó la concentración de clorofila a mientras que promovió un aumento en clorofila b y clorofila total, sin diferencias significativas entre los niveles de sombreado del 50% y 70%. Los ambientes sombreados proporcionaron un mayor crecimiento en altura, diámetro, área foliar, además de proporcionar una mayor acumulación de masa seca y IQD. Se recomienda producir plántulas de plántulas de pulpo, durante la fase de vivero, bajo un sombreado del 50%, ya que esta condición permite obtener mejores índices de calidad de plántulas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do sombreamento no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas de mudas de oiticica (Microdesmia rigida), mantendo-as a 0% (pleno sol), 50% e 70% de sombreamento, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro repetições. Foram analisados os parâmetros altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, razão altura/diâmetro, taxa de crescimento absoluto, área foliar, peso da matéria seca da planta, razão raiz/parte aérea, Índice de qualidade de Dickson (DQI), taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese, concentração interna de CO2, teores de clorofila a, b e total. Foi verificada redução na taxa de transpiração e aumento na condutância estomática, taxa de fotossíntese e concentração interna de CO2 com o aumento do sombreamento. O sombreamento diminuiu a concentração de clorofila a enquanto promoveu aumento da clorofila b e clorofila total, sem diferença significativa entre os níveis de 50% e 70% do sombreamento. Os ambientes sombreados proporcionaram maior crescimento em altura, diâmetro, área foliar, além de propiciar maior acúmulo de massa seca e DQI. Recomenda-se a produção de mudas de mudas de oiticica, durante a fase de viveiro, sob 50% de sombreamento, pois essa condição possibilita a obtenção de melhores índices de qualidade de mudas.