28 results on '"Robert Tomas"'
Search Results
2. Trends and outcomes for non-elective neurosurgical procedures in Central Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Lukas Grassner, Ondra Petr, Freda M. Warner, Michaela Dedeciusova, Andrea Maria Mathis, Daniel Pinggera, Sina Gsellmann, Laura C. Meiners, Sascha Freigang, Michael Mokry, Alexandra Resch, Thomas Kretschmer, Tobias Rossmann, Francisco Ruiz Navarro, Andreas Gruber, Mathias Spendel, Peter A. Winkler, Franz Marhold, Camillo Sherif, Jonathan P. Wais, Karl Rössler, Wolfgang Pfisterer, Manfred Mühlbauer, Felipe A. Trivik-Barrientos, Sebastian Rath, Richard Voldrich, Lukas Krska, Radim Lipina, Martin Kerekanic, Jiri Fiedler, Petr Kasik, Vladimir Priban, Michal Tichy, Petr Krupa, Tomas Cesak, Robert Kroupa, Andrej Callo, Pavel Haninec, Daniel Pohlodek, David Krahulik, Alena Sejkorova, Martin Sames, Josef Dvorak, Petr Suchomel, Robert Tomas, Jan Klener, Vilem Juran, Martin Smrcka, Petr Linzer, Miroslav Kaiser, Dusan Hrabovsky, Radim Jancalek, Vincens Kälin, Oliver Bozinov, Cedric Niggli, Carlo Serra, Ramona Guatta, Dominique E. Kuhlen, Stefan Wanderer, Serge Marbacher, Alexandre Lavé, Karl Schaller, Clarinde Esculier, Andreas Raabe, John L. K. Kramer, Claudius Thomé, and David Netuka
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The world currently faces the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Little is known about the effects of a pandemic on non-elective neurosurgical practices, which have continued under modified conditions to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This knowledge might be critical for the ongoing second coronavirus wave and potential restrictions on health care. We aimed to determine the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of various non-elective neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective, multi-centre observational cohort study among neurosurgical centres within Austria, the Czech Republic, and Switzerland was performed. Incidence of neurosurgical emergencies and related 30-day mortality rates were determined for a period reflecting the peak pandemic of the first wave in all participating countries (i.e. March 16th–April 15th, 2020), and compared to the same period in prior years (2017, 2018, and 2019). A total of 4,752 emergency neurosurgical cases were reviewed over a 4-year period. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a general decline in the incidence of non-elective neurosurgical cases, which was driven by a reduced number of traumatic brain injuries, spine conditions, and chronic subdural hematomas. Thirty-day mortality did not significantly increase overall or for any of the conditions examined during the peak of the pandemic. The neurosurgical community in these three European countries observed a decrease in the incidence of some neurosurgical emergencies with 30-day mortality rates comparable to previous years (2017–2019). Lower incidence of neurosurgical cases is likely related to restrictions placed on mobility within countries, but may also involve delayed patient presentation.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Fibroblast Activation Protein Expressing Mesenchymal Cells Promote Glioblastoma Angiogenesis
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Eva Balaziova, Petr Vymola, Petr Hrabal, Rosana Mateu, Michal Zubal, Robert Tomas, David Netuka, Filip Kramar, Zuzana Zemanova, Karla Svobodova, Marek Brabec, Aleksi Sedo, and Petr Busek
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glioblastoma ,angiogenesis ,microenvironment ,fibroblast activation protein ,seprase ,angiopoietin ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound protease that is upregulated in a wide range of tumours and viewed as a marker of tumour-promoting stroma. Previously, we demonstrated increased FAP expression in glioblastomas and described its localisation in cancer and stromal cells. In this study, we show that FAP+ stromal cells are mostly localised in the vicinity of activated CD105+ endothelial cells and their quantity positively correlates with glioblastoma vascularisation. FAP+ mesenchymal cells derived from human glioblastomas are non-tumorigenic and mostly lack the cytogenetic aberrations characteristic of glioblastomas. Conditioned media from these cells induce angiogenic sprouting and chemotaxis of endothelial cells and promote migration and growth of glioma cells. In a chorioallantoic membrane assay, co-application of FAP+ mesenchymal cells with glioma cells was associated with enhanced abnormal angiogenesis, as evidenced by an increased number of erythrocytes in vessel-like structures and higher occurrence of haemorrhages. FAP+ mesenchymal cells express proangiogenic factors, but in comparison to normal pericytes exhibit decreased levels of antiangiogenic molecules and an increased Angiopoietin 2/1 ratio. Our results show that FAP+ mesenchymal cells promote angiogenesis and glioma cell migration and growth by paracrine communication and in this manner, they may thus contribute to glioblastoma progression.
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- 2021
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4. From Spatial Data Infrastructures to Data Spaces—A Technological Perspective on the Evolution of European SDIs
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Alexander Kotsev, Marco Minghini, Robert Tomas, Vlado Cetl, and Michael Lutz
- Subjects
spatial data infrastructures ,data spaces ,data ecosystems ,inspire ,digital government ,data interoperability ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The availability of timely, accessible and well documented data plays a central role in the process of digital transformation in our societies and businesses. Considering this, the European Commission has established an ambitious agenda that aims to leverage on the favourable technological and political context and build a society that is empowered by data-driven innovation. Within this context, geospatial data remains critically important for many businesses and public services. The process of establishing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) in response to the legal provisions of the European Union INSPIRE Directive has a long history. While INSPIRE focuses mainly on ’unlocking’ data from the public sector, there is need to address emerging technological trends, and consider the role of other actors such as the private sector and citizen science initiatives. The objective of this paper, given those bounding conditions is twofold. Firstly, we position SDI-related developments in Europe within the broader context of the current political and technological scenery. In doing so, we pay particular attention to relevant technological developments and emerging trends that we see as enablers for the evolution of European SDIs. Secondly, we propose a high level concept of a pan-European (geo)data space with a 10-year horizon in mind. We do this by considering today’s technology while trying to adopt an evolutionary approach with developments that are incremental to contemporary SDIs.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Influence of projected Arctic sea ice loss on polar stratospheric ozone and circulation in spring
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Lantao Sun, Clara Deser, Lorenzo Polvani, and Robert Tomas
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Arctic sea ice loss ,ozone ,Brewer–Dobson circulation ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Science ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The impact of projected Arctic sea ice loss on the stratosphere is investigated using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), a state-of-the-art coupled chemistry climate model. Two 91-year simulations are conducted: one with a repeating seasonal cycle of Arctic sea ice for the late twentieth-century, taken from the fully coupled WACCM historical run; the other with Arctic sea ice for the late twenty-first century, obtained from the fully coupled WACCM RCP8.5 run. In response to Arctic sea ice loss, polar cap stratospheric ozone decreases by 13 DU (34 DU at the North Pole) in spring, confirming the results of Scinocca et al (2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gl041239 36 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009gl041239 ). The ozone loss is dynamically initiated in March by a suppression of upward-propagating planetary waves, possibly related to the destructive interference between the forced wave number 1 and its climatology. The diminished upward wave propagation, in turn, weakens the Brewer–Dobson circulation at high latitudes, strengthens the polar vortex, and cools the polar stratosphere. The ozone reduction persists until the polar vortex breaks down in late spring.
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- 2014
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6. INSPIRE: The Entry Point to Europe's Big Geospatial Data Infrastructure.
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Marco Minghini, Vlado Cetl, Alexander Kotsev, Robert Tomas, and Michael Lutz
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- 2021
7. Antarctic Warming during Heinrich Stadial 1 in a Transient Isotope-Enabled Deglacial Simulation
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Chenyu Zhu, Jiaxu Zhang, Zhengyu Liu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Chengfei He, Esther C. Brady, Robert Tomas, Qin Wen, Qing Li, Chenguang Zhu, Shaoqing Zhang, and Lixin Wu
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Atmospheric Science - Abstract
Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) was the major climate event at the onset of the last deglaciation associated with rapid cooling in Greenland and lagged, slow warming in Antarctica. Although it is widely believed that temperature signals were triggered in the Northern Hemisphere and propagated southward associated with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), understanding how these signals were able to cross the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) barrier and further warm up Antarctica has proven particularly challenging. In this study, we explore the physical processes that lead to the Antarctic warming during HS1 in a transient isotope-enabled deglacial simulation iTRACE, in which the interpolar phasing has been faithfully reproduced. We show that the increased meridional heat transport alone, first through the ocean and then through the atmosphere, can explain the Antarctic warming during the early stage of HS1 without notable changes in the strength and position of the Southern Hemisphere midlatitude westerlies. In particular, when a reduction of the AMOC causes ocean warming to the north of the ACC, increased southward ocean heat transport by mesoscale eddies is triggered by steeper isopycnals to warm up the ocean beyond the ACC, which further decreases the sea ice concentration and leads to more absorption of insolation. The increased atmospheric heat then releases to the Antarctic primarily by a strengthening zonal wavenumber-3 (ZW3) pattern. Sensitivity experiments further suggest that a ∼4°C warming caused by this mechanism superimposed on a comparable warming driven by the background atmospheric CO2 rise is able to explain the total simulated ∼8°C warming in the West Antarctica during HS1.
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- 2022
8. Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)
- Author
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Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris M. Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charles J. R.Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. Legrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin J. Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Polina A. Morozova, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Ryouta O’ishi, David Salas y Mélia, Xiaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Christian Stepanek, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
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Meteorology And Climatology - Abstract
The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1 Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6°C. The seasonal character of the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and optimization.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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9. Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY
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Xiaoxu Shi, Martin Werner, Carolin Krug, Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Endurance Igbinosa, Pascale Braconnot, Esther Brady, Jian Cao, Roberta D'Agostino, Johann Jungclaus, Xingxing Liu, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Dmitry Sidorenko, Robert Tomas, Evgeny M. Volodin, Hu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, Gerrit Lohmann, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This research has been supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) PalMod II WP 3.3 (grant no. 01LP1924B) and the PAlaeo-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics (PACMEDY) Belmont Forum project (grant no. 01LP1607A). Xingxing Liu is funded by the open fund of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS (grant no. SKLLQG1920) and the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (grant no. 41807425). Roberta D’Agostino is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy – EXC 2037 Climate, Climatic Change, and Society (CLICCS) – Cluster of Excellence Hamburg, A4 African and Asian Monsoon Margins (grant no. 390683824). Qiong Zhang is funded by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant nos. 2013-06476 and 2017-04232). Esther Brady and Bette Otto-Bliesner are supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation underCooperative Agreement (grant no. 1852977).
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Global and Planetary Change ,Stratigraphy ,Paleontology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
Numerical modelling enables a comprehensive understanding not only of the Earth's system today, but also of the past. To date, a significant amount of time and effort has been devoted to paleoclimate modeling and analysis, which involves the latest and most advanced Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). The definition of seasonality, which is influenced by slow variations in the Earth's orbital parameters, plays a key role in determining the calculated seasonal cycle of the climate. In contrast to the classical calendar used today, where the lengths of the months and seasons are fixed, the angular calendar calculates the lengths of the months and seasons according to a fixed number of degrees along the Earth's orbit. When comparing simulation results for different time intervals, it is essential to account for the angular calendar to ensure that the data for comparison is from the same position along the Earth's orbit. Most models use the classical "fixed-length" calendar, which can lead to strong distortions of the monthly and seasonal values, especially for the climate of the past. Here, by analyzing daily outputs from multiple PMIP4 model simulations, we examine calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation under mid-Holocene, last interglacial, and pre-industrial climate conditions. We conclude that: (a) The largest cooling bias occurs in autumn when the classical calendar is applied for the mid-Holocene and last interglacial. (b) The sign of the temperature anomalies between the Last Interglacial and pre-industrial in boreal autumn can be reversed after the switch from classical to angular calendar, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere continents. (c) Precipitation over West Africa is overestimated in boreal summer and underestimated in boreal autumn when the "fixed-length" seasonal cycle is applied. (d) Finally, correcting the calendar based on the monthly model results can reduce the biases to a large extent, but not completely eliminate them. In addition, we examine the calendar effects in 3 transient simulations for 6–0 ka by AWI-ESM, MPI-ESM, and IPSL. We find significant discrepancies between adjusted and unadjusted temperature values over ice-free continents for both hemispheres in boreal autumn. While for other seasons the deviations are relatively small. A drying bias can be found in the summer monsoon precipitation in Africa (in the "fixed-length" calendar), whereby the magnitude of bias becomes smaller over time. Overall, our study underlines the importance of the application of calendar transformation in the analysis of climate simulations. Neglecting the calendar effects could lead to a profound artificial distortion of the calculated seasonal cycle of surface air temperature and precipitation. One important fact to be noted here is that the discrepancy in seasonality under different calendars is an analysis bias and is highly depends on the choice of the reference position/date (usually the vernal equinox, which is set to 31th March) on the Earth's ellipse around the sun. Different model groups may apply different reference dates, so ensuring a consistent reference date and seasonal definition is key when we compare results across multiple models.
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- 2022
10. The effects and benefits of creatine supplementation on brain health
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Elena Sztemberg, Dominik Łepecki, Bartłomiej Grodziński, Robert Tomaszewski, Marcin Mikusek-Pham Van, Karolina Krawiel, Marta Kras, Marek Król, Aleksandra Cieślik, and Hanna Gruszczyńska
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creatine ,supplementation ,brain health ,depression ,neurodegeneration ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Introduction: Creatine is a naturally occurring compound vital for energy metabolism, particularly in high-energy-demand tissues like muscles and the brain. Traditionally, research on creatine has focused on its ergogenic effects in sports, but emerging research suggests it may also positively impact brain health. Studies are exploring creatine monohydrate's role in improving cognitive function, mitigating neurodegenerative processes, and supporting mental health. This dual functionality highlights the compound's versatility as both a performance enhancer and a potential therapeutic agent for neurological health. By expanding the scope of creatine research beyond physical performance, we can better understand and utilize its full capabilities to enhance human health. This research review examines the growing evidence suggesting that creatine supplementation could significantly benefit brain health and the management of neurological diseases. Aim of the study: This review aims to synthesize current findings on creatine's cognitive benefits and its therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, critically analyzing preclinical and clinical studies to identify gaps and suggest future research directions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. Keywords such as creatine supplementation, brain health and neurodegeneration were used. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed articles, studies with insufficient data, and those not in English. Conclusions: This review highlights the potential benefits of creatine supplementation for cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases, noting its positive effects on memory, alleviating depression and anxiety, and offering neuroprotection. Future research should aim to standardize dosing, extend follow-up periods, and include larger, more diverse populations.
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- 2024
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11. The use of stem cells and keratoprosthesis – special surgery types for corneal disorders (a narrative review)
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Martyna Dydyk, Ewa Sikorska, Piotr Sikorski, Robert Tomaszewski, and Dorota Kopacz
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stem cells ,keratoprosthesis ,corneal blindness ,corneal disease ,boston keratoprosthesis ,osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis ,Medicine - Abstract
Corneal disease and damage can arise from various causes, including infections, corneal dystrophies, trauma and improper contact lens use. These factors can lead to corneal blindness which greatly decreases the patient’s quality of life. Although corneal transplantation is a viable treatment option for many patients, the risk of rejection after corneal transplantation remains a concern. Severe corneal damage requires special methods of treatment, which are still sought after. This narrative review aims to summarize the use of stem cells and keratoprosthesis in the treatment of corneal diseases. Stem cell therapy, particularly limbal stem cell transplantation, shows promise in corneal regenerative therapy, especially the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. Additionally, induced pluripotent stem cells have been successfully used in cornea transplantation, offering a novel approach to restoring vision in patients with corneal diseases. Keratoprosthesis, such as the Boston keratoprosthesis and osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis, provides an alternative for patients who cannot undergo traditional corneal transplantation. Artificial prostheses are also an alternative to corneal transplantation in cases of extensive trauma or in the absence of donor tissue. Continued research and development in stem cell therapy and keratoprosthesis hold the potential to improve the outcomes, accessibility of corneal disease treatment and reducing the global burden of corneal blindness.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
12. Supplementary material to 'Calendar effects on surface air temperature and precipitation based on model-ensemble equilibrium and transient simulations from PMIP4 and PACMEDY'
- Author
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Xiaoxu Shi, Martin Werner, Carolin Krug, Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Endurance Igbinosa, Pascale Braconnot, Esther Brady, Jian Cao, Roberta D'Agostino, Johann Jungclaus, Xingxing Liu, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Dmitry Sidorenko, Robert Tomas, Evgeny M. Volodin, Hu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, and Gerrit Lohmann
- Published
- 2021
13. Trends and outcomes for non-elective neurosurgical procedures in Central Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
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Tomas Cesak, Robert Tomas, Dominique E Kuhlen, Andreas Gruber, Claudius Thomé, David Krahulik, Jiri Fiedler, Carlo Serra, Lukas Krska, Martin Smrčka, John L.K. Kramer, Oliver Bozinov, Martin Kerekanic, Daniel Pinggera, Daniel Pohlodek, Tobias Rossmann, Alena Sejkorova, Petr Suchomel, Michael Mokry, David Netuka, Pavel Haninec, Karl Rössler, Richard Voldrich, Felipe A Trivik-Barrientos, Stefan Wanderer, Vladimir Priban, Michal Tichy, Jonathan Wais, Petr Kasik, Ondra Petr, Jan Klener, Karl Lothard Schaller, Radim Lipina, Franz Marhold, Laura C Meiners, Andrej Callo, Ramona Guatta, Freda M. Warner, Wolfgang Pfisterer, Radim Jančálek, Miroslav Kaiser, Andreas Raabe, Thomas Kretschmer, Mathias Spendel, Michaela Dedeciusova, Sascha Freigang, Vincens Kälin, Dusan Hrabovsky, Alexandre Lavé, Robert Kroupa, Vilem Juran, Clarinde Esculier, Petr Krupa, Lukas Grassner, Josef Dvorak, Sebastian Rath, Manfred Mühlbauer, Martin Sames, Peter A Winkler, Serge Marbacher, Sina Gsellmann, Francisco Ruiz Navarro, Camillo Sherif, Petr Linzer, Cedric Niggli, Andrea Mathis, and Alexandra Resch
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Male ,Neurosurgery/methods ,Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Pandemic ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,610 Medicine & health ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,COVID-19/mortality ,Multidisciplinary ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Middle Aged ,Neurosurgical Procedures/mortality/trends ,Europe ,Child, Preschool ,Medicine ,Female ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Science ,Neurosurgery ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical research ,medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,Retrospective cohort study ,ddc:616.8 ,Emergency medicine ,Observational study ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The world currently faces the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Little is known about the effects of a pandemic on non-elective neurosurgical practices, which have continued under modified conditions to reduce the spread of COVID-19. This knowledge might be critical for the ongoing second coronavirus wave and potential restrictions on health care. We aimed to determine the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of various non-elective neurosurgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective, multi-centre observational cohort study among neurosurgical centres within Austria, the Czech Republic, and Switzerland was performed. Incidence of neurosurgical emergencies and related 30-day mortality rates were determined for a period reflecting the peak pandemic of the first wave in all participating countries (i.e. March 16th–April 15th, 2020), and compared to the same period in prior years (2017, 2018, and 2019). A total of 4,752 emergency neurosurgical cases were reviewed over a 4-year period. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a general decline in the incidence of non-elective neurosurgical cases, which was driven by a reduced number of traumatic brain injuries, spine conditions, and chronic subdural hematomas. Thirty-day mortality did not significantly increase overall or for any of the conditions examined during the peak of the pandemic. The neurosurgical community in these three European countries observed a decrease in the incidence of some neurosurgical emergencies with 30-day mortality rates comparable to previous years (2017–2019). Lower incidence of neurosurgical cases is likely related to restrictions placed on mobility within countries, but may also involve delayed patient presentation.
- Published
- 2021
14. INSPIRE: The Entry Point to Europe’s Big Geospatial Data Infrastructure
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Michael Lutz, Vlado Cetl, Marco Minghini, Robert Tomas, and Alexander Kotsev
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Spatial data infrastructure ,Geospatial analysis ,business.industry ,Interoperability ,Big data ,Public sector ,computer.software_genre ,Data science ,Data sharing ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Business ,European union ,computer ,Geoportal ,media_common - Abstract
Initiated in 2007, the INSPIRE Directive has set a legal framework to create a European-wide Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to support the European Union (EU) environmental policies. This chapter analyses the INSPIRE infrastructure from a Big Geospatial Data perspective, describing how data is shared in an interoperable way by public sector organisations in the EU Member States and how it is made available in and accessible within the infrastructure. The INSPIRE Geoportal, which is the entry point to the whole infrastructure, is presented in detail. To justify its nature of a Big Geospatial Data infrastructure, the characteristics of INSPIRE data are mapped to those of Big Data’s six ‘Vs’. Despite many good results achieved in terms of data sharing, some challenges still remain related to data consumption from the user side. The chapter concludes with a dedicated discussion on how INSPIRE, and traditional SDIs in general, should evolve into modern data ecosystems to address these challenges while also embracing the modern practices of data sharing through the web.
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- 2021
15. From Spatial Data Infrastructures to Data Spaces—A Technological Perspective on the Evolution of European SDIs
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Robert Tomas, Alexander Kotsev, Marco Minghini, Michael Lutz, and Vlado Cetl
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Geospatial analysis ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,lcsh:G1-922 ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,inspire ,Politics ,data interoperability ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Citizen science ,Regional science ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,spatial data infrastructures ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,European union ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,digital government ,business.industry ,Public sector ,Digital transformation ,Spatial Data Infrastructures, data spaces, data ecosystems, INSPIRE, digital government, data interoperability ,data spaces ,Private sector ,Directive ,data ecosystems ,business ,computer ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
The availability of timely, accessible and well documented data plays a central role in the process of digital transformation in our societies and businesses. Considering this, the European Commission has established an ambitious agenda that aims to leverage on the favourable technological and political context and build a society that is empowered by data-driven innovation. Within this context, geospatial data remains critically important for many businesses and public services. The process of establishing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) in response to the legal provisions of the European Union INSPIRE Directive has a long history. While INSPIRE focuses mainly on &rsquo, unlocking&rsquo, data from the public sector, there is need to address emerging technological trends, and consider the role of other actors such as the private sector and citizen science initiatives. The objective of this paper, given those bounding conditions is twofold. Firstly, we position SDI-related developments in Europe within the broader context of the current political and technological scenery. In doing so, we pay particular attention to relevant technological developments and emerging trends that we see as enablers for the evolution of European SDIs. Secondly, we propose a high level concept of a pan-European (geo)data space with a 10-year horizon in mind. We do this by considering today&rsquo, s technology while trying to adopt an evolutionary approach with developments that are incremental to contemporary SDIs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Supplementary material to 'Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: Results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for CMIP6-PMIP4'
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Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Anni Zhao, Chris Brierley, Yarrow Axford, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Jeremy Hoffman, Elizabeth Isaacs, Masa Kageyama, Paolo Scussolini, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Charlie Williams, Eric Wolff, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Pascale Braconnot, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Jian Cao, Anne de Vernal, Maria Vittoria Guarino, Chuncheng Guo, Allegra N. LeGrande, Gerrit Lohmann, Katrin Meissner, Laurie Menviel, Kerim Nisancioglu, Ryouta O'ishi, David Salas Y Melia, Xioaoxu Shi, Marie Sicard, Louise Sime, Robert Tomas, Evgeny Volodin, Nicolas Yeung, Qiong Zhang, Zhonghi Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
- Published
- 2020
17. Virtual Reality-Induced Modification of Vestibulo–Ocular Reflex Gain in Posturography Tests
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Jan Warchoł, Anna Tetych, Robert Tomaszewski, Bartłomiej Kowalczyk, and Grażyna Olchowik
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virtual reality ,posturography ,vestibulo–ocular reflex ,optokinetic reflex ,Sensory Organization Test ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the influence of virtual reality (VR) exposure on postural stability and determine the mechanism of this influence. Methods: Twenty-six male participants aged 21–23 years were included, who underwent postural stability assessment twice before and after a few minute of single VR exposure. The VR projection was a computer-generated simulation of the surrounding scenery. Postural stability was assessed using the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), using Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP). Results: The findings indicated that VR exposure affects the visual and vestibular systems. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in results before and after VR exposure were observed in tests on an unstable surface. It was confirmed that VR exposure has a positive influence on postural stability, attributed to an increase in the sensory weight of the vestibular system. Partial evidence suggested that the reduction in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) reinforcement may result in an adaptive shift to the optokinetic reflex (OKR). Conclusions: By modifying the process of environmental perception through artificial sensory simulation, the influence of VR on postural stability has been demonstrated. The validity of this type of research is determined by the effectiveness of VR techniques in the field of vestibular rehabilitation.
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- 2024
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18. Fibroblast activation protein alpha is expressed by transformed and stromal cells and is associated with mesenchymal features in glioblastoma
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Petr Busek, Martin Syrucek, Ivana Matrasova, Robert Tomas, Jaromir Belacek, Marek Hilser, Evzen Krepela, Aleksi Sedo, Eva Balaziova, and Zuzana Zemanova
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Apoptosis ,CXCR4 ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,Mesoderm ,Mice ,Chemokine receptor ,0302 clinical medicine ,Fibroblast activation protein, alpha ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Cell Line, Transformed ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Serine Endopeptidases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Survival Rate ,Gelatinases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Adult ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Stromal cell ,Xenotransplantation ,Blotting, Western ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stroma ,Glioma ,Endopeptidases ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,neoplasms ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Neoplasm Staging ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Membrane Proteins ,Fibroblasts ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Case-Control Studies ,Stromal Cells ,Glioblastoma ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Glioblastomas are deadly neoplasms resistant to current treatment modalities. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protease which is not expressed in most of the normal adult tissues but is characteristically present in the stroma of extracranial malignancies. FAP is considered a potential therapeutic target and is associated with a worse patient outcome in some cancers. The FAP localization in the glioma microenvironment and its relation to patient survival are unknown. By analyzing 56 gliomas and 15 non-tumorous brain samples, we demonstrate increased FAP expression in a subgroup of high-grade gliomas, in particular on the protein level. FAP expression was most elevated in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma. It was neither associated with glioblastoma patient survival in our patient cohort nor in publicly available datasets. FAP was expressed in both transformed and stromal cells; the latter were frequently localized around dysplastic blood vessels and commonly expressed mesenchymal markers. In a mouse xenotransplantation model, FAP was expressed in glioma cells in a subgroup of tumors that typically did not express the astrocytic marker GFAP. Endogenous FAP was frequently upregulated and part of the FAP+ host cells coexpressed the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. In summary, FAP is expressed by several constituents of the glioblastoma microenvironment, including stromal non-malignant mesenchymal cells recruited to and/or activated in response to glioma growth. The limited expression of FAP in healthy tissues together with its presence in both transformed and stromal cells suggests that FAP may be a candidate target for specific delivery of therapeutic agents in glioblastoma.
- Published
- 2016
19. Establishing Common Ground Through INSPIRE: The Legally-Driven European Spatial Data Infrastructure
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Vlado Cetl, Robin S. Smith, Vanda Nunes de Lima, Robert Tomas, Alexander Kotsev, and Markus Jobst
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Information management ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Spatial data infrastructure ,Geospatial analysis ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,business.industry ,Interoperability ,Public sector ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Semantic interoperability ,computer.software_genre ,Directive ,01 natural sciences ,Data science ,Data modeling ,Business ,computer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Back in the 1990s, there were several barriers for accessing and using the spatial data and information necessary for environmental management and policy making in Europe. These included different data policies, encodings, formats and semantics, to name a few. Data was collected for, and applied to, domain specific use cases and comprehensive standards did not exist, all impacting on the re-usability of such public sector data. To release the potential of spatial data held by public authorities and improve evidence-based environmental policy making, action was needed at all levels (Local, Regional, National, European) to introduce more effective data and information management and to make data available for citizens’ interest. The INSPIRE Directive, the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe, directly addresses this set of problems. The Directive came into force on 15 May 2007, with full implementation in every EU Member State required by 2021. It combines both, a legal and a technical framework for the EU Member States, to make relevant spatial data accessible and reused. Specifically, this has meant making data discoverable and interoperable through a common set of standards, data models and Internet services. The Directive’s data scope covers 34 themes of cross-sector relevance as a decentralised infrastructure where data remains at the place it can be best maintained. A great deal of experience has been gained by public administrations through its implementation. Due to its complexity and wide scope, this is taking place in a stepwise manner, with benefits already emerging as important deadlines approached. Efficient and effective coordination are following the participatory approach established in its design. It is timely to reflect on 10 years of progress of the “cultural change” which the European Spatial Data Infrastructure represents. We therefore, consider the lessons INSPIRE is offering for those interested in joined-up and federated approaches to geospatial data-sharing and semantic interoperability across borders and sectors. The approach itself is evolving through this experience.
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- 2018
20. Current trends and outcomes of non-elective neurosurgical care in Central Europe during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic
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Ondra Petr, Lukas Grassner, Freda M. Warner, Michaela Dedeciusová, Richard Voldřich, Philipp Geiger, Konstantin Brawanski, Sina Gsellmann, Laura C. Meiners, Richard Bauer, Sascha Freigang, Michael Mokry, Alexandra Resch, Thomas Kretschmer, Tobias Rossmann, Francisco Ruiz Navarro, Harald Stefanits, Andreas Gruber, Mathias Spendel, Christoph Schwartz, Christoph Griessenauer, Franz Marhold, Camillo Sherif, Jonathan P. Wais, Karl Rössler, Jakob J. Zagata, Martin Ortler, Wolfgang Pfisterer, Manfred Mühlbauer, Felipe A. Trivik-Barrientos, Johannes Burtscher, Lukáš Krška, Radim Lipina, Martin Kerekanič, Jiří Fiedler, Petr Kasík, Vladimír Přibáň, Michal Tichý, Vladimír Beneš, Petr Krůpa, Tomáš Česák, Robert Kroupa, Andrej Callo, Pavel Haninec, Daniel Pohlodek, David Krahulík, Alena Sejkorová, Martin Sameš, Josef Dvořák, Andriana Juričeková, Pavel Buchvald, Robert Tomáš, Jan Klener, Vilém Juráň, Martin Smrčka, Petr Linzer, Miroslav Kaiser, Dušan Hrabovský, Radim Jančálek, John L. K. Kramer, Claudius Thomé, and David Netuka
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Reflecting the first wave COVID-19 pandemic in Central Europe (i.e. March 16th–April 15th, 2020) the neurosurgical community witnessed a general diminution in the incidence of emergency neurosurgical cases, which was impelled by a reduced number of traumatic brain injuries (TBI), spine conditions, and chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH). This appeared to be associated with restrictions imposed on mobility within countries but also to possible delayed patient introduction and interdisciplinary medical counseling. In response to one year of COVID-19 experience, also mapping the third wave of COVID-19 in 2021 (i.e. March 16 to April 15, 2021), we aimed to reevaluate the current prevalence and outcomes for emergency non-elective neurosurgical cases in COVID-19-negative patients across Austria and the Czech Republic. The primary analysis was focused on incidence and 30-day mortality in emergency neurosurgical cases compared to four preceding years (2017–2020). A total of 5077 neurosurgical emergency cases were reviewed. The year 2021 compared to the years 2017–2019 was not significantly related to any increased odds of 30 day mortality in Austria or in the Czech Republic. Recently, there was a significant propensity toward increased incidence rates of emergency non-elective neurosurgical cases during the third COVID-19 pandemic wave in Austria, driven by their lower incidence during the first COVID-19 wave in 2020. Selected neurosurgical conditions commonly associated with traumatic etiologies including TBI, and CSDH roughly reverted to similar incidence rates from the previous non-COVID-19 years. Further resisting the major deleterious effects of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, it is edifying to notice that the neurosurgical community´s demeanor to the recent third pandemic culmination keeps the very high standards of non-elective neurosurgical care alongside with low periprocedural morbidity. This also reflects the current state of health care quality in the Czech Republic and Austria.
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- 2022
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21. Revision of Early Jurassic ammonoid types from the Persani Mts. (East Carpathians, Romania)
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Robert Tomas and József Pálfy
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Paleontology ,Type species ,Type (biology) ,Taxon ,Genus ,medicine ,Subspecies ,medicine.symptom ,Geology ,Confusion - Abstract
A large olistolith of Early Jurassic (Hettangian–Sinemurian) age exposed by the Tepei (Tope) Creek near Racos (Alsorakos) (Persani Mts.) has been a prolific source of ammonoids. This locality furnished type specimens of 24 nominal species and 13 subspecies, introduced by six different authors between 1866 and 1953. A comprehensive revision of the type material is presented. The majority of the original specimens are available, two are believed lost and another five could not be traced. Seven lectotypes are designated herein. Rediscovery of types for three species suppresses their previously chosen neotypes. Included in this material are the type species of four ammonoid genera. Confusion regarding the type species of Tragolytoceras is resolved by introducing T. bonarellii n. sp. and suggesting it as the new type species of the genus. Stratigraphic distribution of some of the revised taxa is assessed on the basis of new, detailed collections from a similar olistolith exposed a few km from the classical locality.
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- 2007
22. Towards a cross-domain interoperable framework for natural hazards and disaster risk reduction information
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Matthew Harrison, Robert Tomas, Manuela Pfeiffer, Otakar Cerba, Miguel Llorente Isidro, José I. Barredo, and Florian Thomas
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Engineering ,Atmospheric Science ,Disaster risk reduction ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Interoperability ,Stakeholder ,computer.software_genre ,Terminology ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Natural hazard ,Sustainability ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Cross-domain interoperability ,business ,computer ,Data integration ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The vast amount of information and data necessary for comprehensive hazard and risk assessment presents many challenges regarding the lack of accessibility, comparability, quality, organisation and dissemination of natural hazards spatial data. In order to mitigate these limitations an interoperable framework has been developed in the framework of the development of legally binding Implementing rules of the EU INSPIRE Directive1* aiming at the establishment of the European Spatial Data Infrastructure. The interoperability framework is described in the Data Specification on Natural risk zones – Technical Guidelines (DS) document2* that was finalized and published on 10.12. 2013. This framework provides means for facilitating access, integration, harmonisation and dissemination of natural hazard data from different domains and sources., JRC.H.3-Forest Resources and Climate
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- 2015
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23. Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Konfrontacje grzybowskie – piastowskie dzieje na środkowoeuropejskim tle. Społeczności przedpaństwowe w Europie Środkowej', Poznań, 30 VI – 1 VII 2021 roku
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Robert Tomasz Tomczak
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History of Eastern Europe ,DJK1-77 ,History of Central Europe ,DAW1001-1051 - Published
- 2022
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24. Concessió d'ajuts estatals per a la creació i desenvolupament de xarxes temàtiques de recerca biomèdica
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Johnston, Robert Tomas
- Published
- 2003
25. Substance-Based Bibliometrics: Identifying Research Gaps by Counting and Analyzing Substances
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Robert Tomaszewski
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2019
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26. No more contracts of adhesion; Senate measures would eliminate arbitration abuse and recognize its positive benefits.
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Allred, Gloria and Olmos, Robert Tomas
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Labor contracts -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Mediation -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Standardized terms of contract -- Laws, regulations and rules - Published
- 2002
27. Jitters at the idea of God among us
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Robert, Tomas W.
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Christmas -- Religious aspects ,Christians -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Philosophy and religion ,Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Religious aspects - Abstract
Much as I harrumph about going to malls during the Christmas season (I have become rather expert at avoiding that prospect, and not just this time of year) I also [...]
- Published
- 2005
28. Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: Results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)-Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)
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Yarrow Axford, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Qiong Zhang, Elizabeth B. Isaacs, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Robert A. Tomas, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Zhongshi Zhang, Anne de Vernal, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Masa Kageyama, Weipeng Zheng, Katrin J. Meissner, Christian Stepanek, Jian Cao, Chris Brierley, Gerrit Lohmann, Anni Zhao, Laurie Menviel, David Salas y Mélia, Polina Morozova, Louise C. Sime, Eric W. Wolff, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Emilie Capron, Allegra N. LeGrande, Charles Williams, Marie Sicard, Polychronis C Tzedakis, Pascale Braconnot, Evgeny Volodin, Chuncheng Guo, Esther C. Brady, Xaoxu Shi, Paolo Scussolini, Aline Govin, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), National Science Foundation, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR: 1852977 Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/S009736/1 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO: ALWOP.164 Sorbonne Université California Earthquake Authority, CEA Carlsbergfondet École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Royal Society Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES 742224 European Research Council, ERC NE/P01903X/1, ANR-18-BELM-0001-06 312979 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS RSF Social Finance: 20-17-00190 Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/P013279/1 Vetenskapsrådet, VR Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 2016-07213, 2013-06476, 2017-04232 Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, ARCS: JPMXD1300000000 JPMXD1420318865 Australian Research Council, ARC: FT180100606 2016YFC1401401 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, AWI Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN: 17H06104 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: 17H06323 Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS: XDB42000000, XDA19060102 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, JAMSTEC: 0148-2019-0009 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 91958201and 41376002 National Science Foundation, NSF Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, SCNAT National Science Foundation, NSF: 1852977 National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR, Acknowledgements. Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Robert Tomas acknowledge the CESM project, which is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. Chris M. Brierley acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Environment Research Council through grant NE/S009736/1. Anni Zhao and Chris M. Brierley would like to thank Rachel Eyles for her sterling work curating the local replica of the PMIP archive at UCL., Charles J. R. Williams acknowledges the financial support of the UK Natural Environment Research Council-funded SWEET project (Super-Warm Early Eocene Temperatures), research grant NE/P01903X/1, and the financial support of the Belmont-funded PACMEDY (PAlaeo-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics) project. Aline Govin acknowledges the support of the French national program LEFE/INSU (CircLIG project) and of the Belmont-funded ACCEDE project (ANR-18-BELM-0001-06). Eric Wolff has received funding from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 program research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 742224, WACSWAIN). Eric Wolff is also funded by a Royal Society Professorship. Paolo Scussolini acknowledges funding from the NWO (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) under grant ALWOP.164. Emilie Capron acknowledges financial support from the ChronoCli-mate project, funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. Pascale Bra-connot and Masa Kageyama acknowledge the HPC resources of TGCC allocated to the IPSL CMIP6 project by GENCI (Grand Equipment National de Calcul Intensif) under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492, and 2018-R0040110492 (project gencmip6). This work was undertaken in the framework of the LABEX L-IPSL and the IPSL Climate Graduate School, under the 'Investissements d’avenir' program with the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006. This study benefited from the ES-PRI (Ensemble de Services Pour la Recherche à l’IPSL) computing and data center (https://mesocentre.ipsl.fr, last access: 22 December 2020), which is supported by CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, and CNES and through national and international projects, including the EU-FP7 Infrastructure project IS-ENES2 (grant no. 312979). Marie Sicard is funded by a scholarship from CEA and 'Convention des Services Climatiques' from IPSL., Laurie Menviel acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council FT180100606. The ACCESS-ESM 1.5 experiments were performed on Raijin at the NCI National Facility at the Australian National University, through awards under the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme, the Intersect allocation scheme, and the UNSW HPC at NCI Scheme. Qiong Zhang acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant nos. 2013-06476 and 2017-04232). The EC-Earth simulations are performed on ECMWF’s computing and archive facilities and on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC) partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2016-07213. Weipeng Zheng acknowledges the financial support from National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences (grant no. 2016YFC1401401), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant nos. XDA19060102 and XDB42000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 91958201and 41376002), and the technical support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project 'Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility' (EarthLab). Maria Vittoria Guarino and Louise Sime acknowledge the financial support of the NERC research grant NE/P013279/1. Silvana Ramos Buarque and David Salas y Mélia acknowledge Météo-France/DSI for providing computing and data storage resources. Xiaoxu Shi and Christian Stepanek acknowledge computing and data storage resources for the generation of the AWI-ESM-1/AWI-ESM-2 and MPI-ESM-1-2 simulations of Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project ID ba1066. The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg is acknowledged for development and provision of the MPI-ESM as well as the ECHAM6/JSBACH, which provides the atmosphere and land surface component of AWI-ESM. Gerrit Lohmann acknowledges funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research program PACES2. Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM and the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research program PACES2. Xiaoxu Shi acknowledges financial support through the BMBF funded PACMEDY and PalMOD initiatives. Ayako Abe-Ouchi and Ryouta O’ishi acknowledge the financial support from Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project (grant JPMXD1300000000), Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) Project (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), JSPS KAKENHI grant 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant 17H06323, and the support from JAMSTEC for the use of the Earth Simulator supercomputer. Polina A. Morozova was supported by the state assignment project 0148-2019-0009. Evgeny Volodin was supported by RSF grant 20-17-00190., The authors acknowledge QUIGS (Quaternary Interglacials), a working group of Past Global Changes (PAGES), which in turn received support from the US National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We are grateful to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6., Financial support. Funding of the publication has been supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement no. 1852977., Water and Climate Risk, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
- Subjects
IMPACTS ,010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Orbital forcing ,sub-01 ,EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN ,Stratigraphy ,lcsh:Environmental protection ,3705 Geology ,POLAR AMPLIFICATION ,MIDHOLOCENE ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Environmental pollution ,Paleoclimatology ,Sea ice ,lcsh:TD169-171.8 ,SDG 14 - Life Below Water ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,TEMPERATURE ,AFRICAN MONSOON ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,13 Climate Action ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,Coupled model intercomparison project ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,EARTH SYSTEM MODEL ,CHRONOLOGY AICC2012 ,Northern Hemisphere ,Paleontology ,37 Earth Sciences ,3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience ,Arctic ice pack ,ANTARCTIC ICE ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,lcsh:TD172-193.5 ,3701 Atmospheric Sciences ,Climate sensitivity ,Environmental science ,Climate model ,SENSITIVITY - Abstract
The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1 Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6 ∘C. The seasonal character of the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and optimization.
- Published
- 2021
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