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The crystal structures of benzotriazolylpropanamides are governed by π–π stacking between the benzotriazolyl residues and, in the case of primary amide NH2 groups, by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N bridging., The base-catalyzed Michael addition of 2-methyl­acryl­amide to benzotriazole afforded 3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-methyl­propanamide, C10H12N4O (1), in 32% yield in addition to small amounts of isomeric 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-2-methyl­propanamide, C10H12N4O (2). In a similar manner, 3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N-di­methyl­propanamide, C11H14N4O (3), was prepared from benzotriazole and N,N-di­methyl­acryl­amide. All three products have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 comprise infinite arrays formed by N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N bridges, as well as π–π inter­actions, while the mol­ecules of 3 are aggregated to simple π-dimers in the crystal.

Has Reformed hymnody played a catechetical role in propagating characteristically Reformed theological emphases? While early Reformed ‘hymnody’ focused on the Psalms, the eighteenth century saw a great proliferation of Reformed hymns employing non-scriptural language. For example, the hymnody of English Congregationalist Isaac Watts shows both the traditional use of psalms and the innovative creation of hymns of praise, thanksgiving and theological narration. This paper considers how Reformed hymnody has served that tradition's catechetical purposes, taking as a test case the ways in which its hymnody may have helped inculcate the characteristically Reformed emphasis on the threefold office of Christ.

Modern scholarship often seems intent on breaking scripture apart without offering a means to put it back together again in an intellectually responsible and theologically useful way. This article recognizes that numerous scholars have sought to redress this situation and suggests that Karl Barth’s method of scriptural interpretation may be a useful and instructive resource. Barth possessed the historical-critical skills of his day yet always employed them in the service of his theological interpretation. One clear example of his method may be found in his ‘mini-commentary’ on the book of Job (in Church Dogmatics IV/3), which is examined as a case study.

The author notes that current seminary students show great variation in their academic skills, in their familiarity with the basics of Christianity, and in their sense of, and skill in, theological method. This condition is both caused and exacerbated by the students' acculturation in American religious privatism, which makes them resist a critical and constructive examination of their views and hinders their understanding of theology as an undertaking of and for the Church. The author describes a number of pedagogical strategies, teaching techniques, and classroom exercises that have shown some effectiveness in overcoming these problems.

In my work as a theologian educating future pastors and teachers, I am concerned that too many of my students make no greater claim of Christ than that he was a ‘spirit person’, and construe his work as some variation on personal spiritual mentoring. Such reductionistic tendencies in understanding the person and work of Christ clearly owe more to certain iconoclastic voices in academia and current cultural sensibilities than they do classic Christian understandings of God and redemption. Whatever their source, such minimalist views can only weaken the Church's ministry. Fortunately, two other trends may supply helpful resources for a response. First, interest in the doctrine of the Trinity has re-emerged, across the theological spectrum. Similarly, new discussions have emerged around the doctrine of the atonement, such as the explicit feminist critiques of vicarious substitution theories or the promotion of prophetic/political models typical of members of the Jesus Seminar or responses to these and other issues. I propose to address this Christological reductionism by combining these two trends, adopting aspects of some new approaches while critiquing others. In so doing, I am motivated less by the desire to produce theological innovation than to demonstrate the theological integrity and pastoral value of several classic Christian traditions. Specifically, I will offer a constructive theological proposal connecting the Trinity with the rubrics of prophet, priest and king to explain Christ's diverse atoning work.

In 1987, the Brundtland Report, "Our Common Future", produced the widely accepted definition of sustainable development as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". But what can sustainability mean for the oil and gas industry, which produces fossil fuel required to meet basic human needs today such as food, fuel and shelter? The oil and gas industry provides a fundamental energy resource while improving health, reducing poverty, and increasing productivity for the global population. Oil and gas are therefore integral to promoting economic growth and will continue to play a major role in meeting the world's energy needs for the foreseeable future. Global energy policies are promoting low-carbon energy technologies, and the use of modern renewables will almost triple by 2035 to about 14% of total supply. However, renewables cannot satisfy global demand growth, so consumption of both oil and gas will also continue to grow.1 Oil and gas companies must therefore continue to discover, produce and supply these energy resources, and it is essential that they do so in a safe, environmentally sound and socially responsible manner. This requires safeguarding the environment; respecting the rights of others; protecting the health, safety and security of workers and the public; meeting increasingly stringent laws and regulations, and yet managing a range of operational, reputational and financial risks. An additional responsibility for companies is the need to communicate openly how they conduct their operations – the vision, decisions and strategies used to pursue resource developments. Sustainability reporting is therefore both a responsible and an expected method for companies to communicate publicly on environmental and social performance. The oil and gas industry has made significant progress on these objectives but challenges remain and individual companies need to tell their own sustainability stories in a clear, transparent, and honest manner. Finally, sustainability reporting also helps to establish a basis for continuous improvement in business processes and risk management. In particular, reporting has value for reputational risk, access to capital, and strengthened customer and employee relationships. For oil and gas companies, reporting can provide a robust platform for describing how strategic issues are being addressed through long-term plans and current initiatives. Stakeholders can now find details of a company's high level vision and strategy for dealing with sustainability-related impacts, implementing action plans and assessing outcomes on company websites and in annual reports.

Oil and gas oilwell service companies are currently under pressure from regulatory authorities, environmental groups, oil companies, stock holders, etc., to use "green" chemical products; however, at this time, there is no universally-accepted definition for "green." So how does a service company meet the requirement for using "green" chemical products, when "green" isn't defined? To meet the increasing demand for "green" chemical products, Halliburton has developed a system for scoring the hazards of chemical products. The Chemistry Scoring Index (CSI) is a method for quantifying the environmental, physical, and health properties of chemical products based on the hazards of its components. Each component of the product is scored in the three- hazard categories based on classification criteria from the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and by additional hazard criteria developed by Halliburton. Each criterion is weighted as to its level of hazard (e.g., a carcinogen receives a higher weight (score) than an irritant). In addition, the score for a component is weighted on the percentage of the component in the product. The score for each component is added to give the product a score for each hazard category. The score from each hazard category is added together to compile a total score for the product. The lower the product score, the lower the Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) impact of the chemical product. The score for chemical products in the same usage type are compared to determine the best HSE chemical for the application. The scores are used to promote the use of more HSE responsible chemicals, to help in the development of less hazardous chemical products and to help prioritize products in the company's chemical portfolio. Use of the CSI helps reduce or eliminate hazardous chemicals that can harm human health, safety, and environment.

There is no doubt that companies can have significant and beneficial economic impact in the long-term development of the countries where they operate, through responsible, transparent, profitable, and well-managed business activities. However, all too frequently, the impact (and the metrics used to measure it) is viewed in isolation from the bigger and more realistic picture. Inevitably, the emphasis is focused on measuring the number of local staff hired by international companies and the training they receive, which provides a rather narrow view of their contribution to sustainability. The reality is that a more holistic approach to measure economic development outputs and impact is urgently required by both the private and public sectors, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This paper will discuss the lack of information (within corporations) about the local business enabling environment (BEE) and the development of a process that can help close the gap on this information. Without an understanding of the business enabling environment (in conjunction with internal sustainability activities and impact), it is much more difficult to be certain which issues should be prioritized by corporations in their sustainability strategies.

The evolution of sustainability from an initially perceived environmental/philanthropic initiative to a fully integrated business concept is taking place with increasing frequency and speed within corporations. The definition of sustainability is highly subjective, which can create barriers to understanding within an organization. In addition, the execution of sustainability strategies is dependent on the needs and expectations of the organization's external stakeholders. These stakeholders vary depending on a variety of factors including location (i.e., developed or developing nations), established or emerging markets, customer acceptability, availability of local workforce, suitability of local economies, and the structure of local governments. This paper discusses the progression of the sustainability concept within the company and the management of the change in attitude on the issue throughout the organization. The understanding of sustainability as a core value and strategic consideration and the struggle to consolidate differing views regarding the implications of sustainability are also discussed.

Rodent caching is a significant factor in the establishment of Purshia tridentata in central Oregon pine forest. The pattern of cache placement is strongly influenced by pine litter patterns. As litter accumulates because of fire exclusion, desirable litter—free sites are becoming less abundant. As a result, a decline in Purshia populations may be expected. See full-text article at JSTOR