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2. Modular microfluidic platform for solubility measurement, nucleation statistics and polymorph screening of active pharmaceutical ingredients: Irbesartan, Rimonabant, Aripiprazole and Sulfathiazole

Author

Lambert, Mathilde, Grossier, Romain, Lagaize, Mehdi, Bactivelane, Thirou, Heresanu, Vasile, Robert, Benoît, Candoni, Nadine, and Veesler, Stéphane

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Drug efficacy strongly relies on the solid state of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Classical solid-state screening methods involve different solvent compositions and supersaturations. Moreover, the many repeat experiments needed to address the stochasticity of nucleation make this approach costly. This paper presents a newly developed modular microfluidic platform that provides a universal and flexible plug-and-play tool for crystallisation studies without use of surfactants. By dissolving a powder, our setup generates saturated solutions that can be used for solubility measurements or distributed in microdroplets. Here, we describe solubility measurements performed on different forms, stable and metastable, of pharmaceutical molecules (Irbesartan, Rimonabant and Aripiprazole) in organic and aqueous solvents. In addition, we provide nucleation statistics obtained for Sulfathiazole in water and in acetonitrile. Reporting polymorph screening on Sulfathiazole and statistics for nucleated forms, we find that the cooling rate influences both nucleation and polymorphism results, reflecting the competition between thermodynamics and kinetics. Three unknown forms were discovered, with XRD patterns and Raman spectra that do not match any referenced form. We also demonstrate the limitations of microfluidics for crystallisation by cooling: reducing the crystalliser volume considerably increases nucleation induction time.

Published
2022
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17. Preparation and characterisation of a milk polar lipids enriched ingredient from fresh industrial liquid butter serum: Combination of physico-chemical modifications and technological treatments

Author

Gassi, Jean Yves, Blot, Marielle, Beaucher, Eric, Robert, Benoit, Leconte, Nadine, Camier, Bénédicte, Rousseau, Florence, Bourlieu, Claire, Jardin, Julien, Briard-Bion, Valérie, Lambert, Sophie, Gésan-Guiziou, Geneviève, Lopez, Christelle, and Gaucheron, Frédéric

Published
2016
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25. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on End-of-Life Prescribing in Ontario Nursing Homes.

Author

Milani, Christina, primary, Webber, Colleen, additional, Clarke, Anna, additional, Isenberg, Sarina, additional, Downar, James, additional, Kobewka, Daniel, additional, Hsu, Amy, additional, Lau, Jenny, additional, Sinnarajah, Aynharan, additional, Simon, Jessica, additional, Boese, Kaitlyn, additional, Arya, Amit, additional, Roberts, Rhiannon, additional, Turcotte, Luke, additional, Howard, Michelle, additional, Maxwell, Colleen, additional, Robert, Benoit, additional, and Tanuseputro, Peter, additional

Published
2022
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28. On the dimorphism of prednisolone: The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram involving forms I and II

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Bauer, Michel, Lacoulonche, F., Céolin, René, Barrio Casado, María del, Khichane, Imène, Robert, Benoit, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, Rietveld, Ivo B., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Bauer, Michel, Lacoulonche, F., Céolin, René, Barrio Casado, María del, Khichane, Imène, Robert, Benoit, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, and Rietveld, Ivo B.

Abstract

The dimorphism of the corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone has been investigated by the construction of a topological pressure–temperature phase diagram, using crystallographic and calorimetric data. The system is enantiotropic, because the temperature of the I-II equilibrium under atmospheric conditions (400–463 K) is lower than that of the two melting equilibria (518.7 K for form II and 526.3 K for form I). The slope of the I-II equilibrium in the pressure–temperature phase diagram is negative and relatively steep; therefore, form II, which is the stable form at room temperature, will not easily encounter conditions where form I will become stable even under industrial processing conditions. On the other hand, extreme small amounts of form I have been observed to spontaneously transform into form II in a time interval of about six years at room temperature and it can be concluded that although form I is very persistent under ambient conditions, it does slowly convert into form II. Moreover, the system does not obey the density rule., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Published
2022

29. The pressure-temperature phase diagram of tetramorphic pyrazinamide

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PTP-GlaDyM - Phase transitions, polymorphism, glasses and dynamics of the metastability, Li, Kangli, Gbabode, Gabin, Vergé Depré, Marine, Robert, Benoit, Barrio Casado, María del, Itié, Jean-Paul, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, Rietveld, Ivo B., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. PTP-GlaDyM - Phase transitions, polymorphism, glasses and dynamics of the metastability, Li, Kangli, Gbabode, Gabin, Vergé Depré, Marine, Robert, Benoit, Barrio Casado, María del, Itié, Jean-Paul, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, and Rietveld, Ivo B.

Abstract

The phase behaviour of drug molecules is important for the control over the desired polymorph in drug formulations, whether it is to ensure better stability or better solubility. In the case of pyrazinamide, a drug against tuberculosis, stability studies have been complicated due to the very slow transition kinetics observed in DSC measurements. Using vapour pressure measurements, in which the reluctance of phase transformation is in fact an advantage, all solid–solid phase transformation temperatures have been determined. This method has been key to map the phase behaviour of pyrazinamide. The use of high-pressure measurements with synchrotron X-ray diffraction has allowed the construction of the pressure–temperature phase diagram of the four solid phases of pyrazinamide and the liquid phase. The a form was found to be the stable form at room temperature. One striking feature of pyrazinamide is that one polymorph, the d form, has a very large thermal expansion and extreme compressibility not found in the other three forms. This gives rise to curved solid–solid transition equilibria in the pressure–temperature phase diagram, which is not commonly observed in the pressure range of 0 to 1 GPa. Using the phase diagram, polymorph ß could be obtained in its stable temperature domain., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Published
2022

32. Attenuated sensing of SHH by Ptch1 underlies evolution of bovine limbs

Author

Lopez-Rios, Javier, Duchesne, Amandine, Speziale, Dario, Andrey, Guillaume, Peterson, Kevin A., Germann, Philipp, Unal, Erkan, Liu, Jing, Floriot, Sandrine, Barbey, Sarah, Gallard, Yves, Muller-Gerbl, Magdalena, Courtney, Andrew D., Klopp, Christophe, Rodriguez, Sabrina, Ivanek, Robert, Beisel, Christian, Wicking, Carol, Iber, Dagmar, Robert, Benoit, McMahon, Andrew P., Duboule, Denis, and Zeller, Rolf

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Research, Genetic aspects, Embryonic development -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Extremities (Anatomy) -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Cattle -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research, Gene expression -- Physiological aspects -- Research
Abstract

A prime example of morphological evolution is the diversification of pentadactylous (five digits) limbs in tetrapods to serve a multitude of specialized needs such as grasping, digging, swimming, flying and [...], The large spectrum of limb morphologies reflects the wide evolutionary diversification of the basic pentadactyl pattern in tetrapods. In even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls, including cattle), limbs are adapted for running as a consequence of progressive reduction of their distal skeleton to symmetrical and elongated middle digits with hoofed phalanges. Here we analyse bovine embryos to establish that polarized gene expression is progressively lost during limb development in comparison to the mouse. Notably, the transcriptional upregulation of the Ptchl gene, which encodes a Sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor, is disrupted specifically in the bovine limb bud mesenchyme. This is due to evolutionary alteration of a Ptchl cis-regulatory module, which no longer responds to graded SHH signalling during bovine handplate development. Our study provides a molecular explanation for the loss of digit asymmetry in bovine limb buds and suggests that modifications affecting the Ptchl cis-regulatory landscape have contributed to evolutionary diversification of artiodactyl limbs.

Published
2014
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41. The solid state of anti-inflammatory morniflumate diniflumate: A cocrystalline salt

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Barrio Casado, María del, Céolin, René, Robert, Benoit, Allouchi, Hassan, Teulon, Jean-Marie, Guéchot, Christophe, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, Rietveld, Ivo B., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Barrio Casado, María del, Céolin, René, Robert, Benoit, Allouchi, Hassan, Teulon, Jean-Marie, Guéchot, Christophe, Tamarit Mur, José Luis, and Rietveld, Ivo B.

Abstract

Morniflumate diniflumate, a molecular compound involving niflumic acid and its ß-morpholino ethyl ester (morniflumate) in the mole ratio 2:1, is found to crystallize in a triclinic P - 1 space group with a unit-cell volume of 2203.4(5) Å3. It is a cocrystal between a morniflumate+ niflumate- salt and a neutral niflumic acid molecule. The co-crystalline salt forms endothermically with a positive excess volume and it melts incongruently at 382.3(8) K. Differential scanning calorimetry executed at heating rates above 20 K·min-1, leads to congruent melting at 387.8(9)K with an enthalpy change of ¿fusH = 80(2) J g-1. The rare occurrence that incongruent and congruent melting can be observed for the same cocrystal may be due to the conformational versatility of the niflumic acid molecule and its slow conversion between the different conformations due to weak intramolecular hydrogen bonding., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Published
2021

44. Measuring portfolio strategic performance using key performance indicators

Author

Sanchez, Hynuk and Robert, Benoit

Subjects
Portfolio management -- Evaluation, Risk management -- Evaluation, Business success -- Management, Risk management, Company business management, Business, Business, general
Abstract

It is difficult to find indicators for measuring the achievement of objectives during the progress of project portfolios. This article presents an approach for developing key strategic performance indicators considering this limitation. The indicators proposed help measure the achievement of a portfolios strategic objectives taking into account the realization of key benefits. This approach helps identify strategic interdependences between projects that the portfolio is composed of, facilitating the understanding of how the performance of a single project affects the overall performance of a portfolio. The key performance indicators can also be used for monitoring the materialization of risks and opportunities influencing the strategic performance of a portfolio. KEYWORDS: key performance indicators; critical success factors; benefits management; portfolio management; risk management; program management DOI: 10.1002/pmj.20165

Published
2010

47. A project portfolio risk-opportunity identification framework

Author

Sanchez, Hynuk, Robert, Benoit, and Pellerin, Robert

Subjects
Portfolio management -- Methods, Portfolio management -- Analysis, Risk management -- Methods, Risk management -- Analysis, Strategic planning (Business) -- Analysis, Risk management, Business, Business, general
Abstract

This article introduces a framework to identify risks and opportunities during portfolio risk management that helps to decrease the uncertainty of achieving the strategic goals of the organization. The final output of the framework is a portfolio risk-opportunity register, which highlights the potential events that could impact the achievement of the goals. An illustrative example of how risk-opportunity identification can be conducted within this framework is also exposed. In spite of being theoretical in nature, the model contributes to the risk management domain applied specifically to project portfolio management, opening the possibility of further research for its verification. KEYWORDS: portfolio management; risk identification; benefits management; interdependences; systems thinking; strategic management

Published
2008

48. Mouse Alx3: an aritaless-like homeobox gene expressed during embryogenesis in ectomesenchyme and lateral plate mesoderm

Author

Berge, Derk ten, Brouwer, Antje, Bahi, Sophia el, Guenet, Jean-Louis, Robert, Benoit, and Meijlink, Frits

Subjects
Developmental genetics -- Research, Mesoderm -- Research, Mice -- Genetic aspects, Drosophila -- Genetic aspects, Gene expression -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Mouse Alx3 is a homeobox gene that is related to the Drosophila aristaless gene and to a group of vertebrate genes including Prx1, Prx2, Cart1, and Alx4. The protein encoded contains a diverged variant of a conserved peptide sequence present near the carboxyl terminus of at least 15 different paired-class-homeodomain proteins. Alx3 is expressed in mouse embryos from 8 days of gestation onward in a characteristic pattern, predominantly in neural crest-derived mesenchyme and in lateral plate mesoderm. We detected prominent expression in frontonasal head mesenchyme and in the first and second pharyngeal arches and some of their derivatives. High expression was also seen in the tail and in many derivatives of the lateral plate mesoderm including the limbs, the body wall, and the genital tubercle. aristaless-related genes like Alx3, Cart1, and Prx2 are expressed in overlapping proximodistal patterns in the pharyngeal arches. Similar, but more lateral patterns have been described for the Distal-less-related (Dlx) genes. Intriguingly, expression and to some extent function of aristaless and Distal-less in Drosophila also have overlapping as well as complementary aspects. Alx3 was localized to chromosome 3, near the droopy-ear (de) mutation. Key Words: homeobox gene; pharyngeal arches; skeletogenesis; neural-crest-derived mesenchyme; lateral plate mesoderm; limb development; in situ hybridization; mouse embryology; proximodistal patterning; aristaless; Cart1.

Published
1998

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